石墨/铜/聚氨酯复合材料的微观结构与性能研究
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摘要
采用浇注方法制备了纯聚氨酯(PU)、石墨/聚氨酯(C/PU)、铜/聚氨酯(Cu/PU)、石墨/铜/聚氨酯(C/Cu/PU)复合材料,并对PU及其复合材料的微观物相、微观结构、邵氏硬度、导热性能和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,随着石墨、铜颗粒加入,复合材料的拉伸强度都比纯PU低;形貌表征结果显示,石墨、铜颗粒大部分均匀分散在PU基体中;材料导热系数都比纯PU高;除Cu/PU复合材料以外,C/PU、C/Cu/PU复合材料的硬度相比于纯PU都有一定程度的增加。
Pure polyurethane( PU), graphite/polyurethane( C/PU), copper/polyurethane( Cu/PU), graphite/copper/polyurethane( C/Cu/PU) composite materials were prepared by casting method.The microscopic phase,microstructure,shore hardness,thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of polyurethane and its composites were investigated. The results show that with the addition of graphite and copper particles,the tensile strength of composite is lower than that of pure PU. Based on the morphological characterization of the prepared materials by scanning electron microscope( SEM),the graphite and copper particles are mostly dispersed in the PU matrix; the thermal conductivity of materials is higher than that of pure PU; the hardness of C/PU,C/Cu/PU composites both increase except for Cu/PU composites when compared with that of pure PU.
Pure polyurethane( PU), graphite/polyurethane( C/PU), copper/polyurethane( Cu/PU), graphite/copper/polyurethane( C/Cu/PU) composite materials were prepared by casting method.The microscopic phase,microstructure,shore hardness,thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of polyurethane and its composites were investigated. The results show that with the addition of graphite and copper particles,the tensile strength of composite is lower than that of pure PU. Based on the morphological characterization of the prepared materials by scanning electron microscope( SEM),the graphite and copper particles are mostly dispersed in the PU matrix; the thermal conductivity of materials is higher than that of pure PU; the hardness of C/PU,C/Cu/PU composites both increase except for Cu/PU composites when compared with that of pure PU.
引文
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[2]ASHRAFIZADEH H,MERTINY P,MCDONALD A.Evaluation of the effect of temperature on mechanical properties and wear resistance of polyurethane elastomers[J].Wear,2016,368-369:26-38.
[3]傅明源.聚氨酯弹性体及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1994:10-11.
[4]SIEGMANN A,KENIG S,ALPERSTEIN D,et al.Mechanical behavior of reinforced polyurethane foams[J].Polym Compos,1983,4(2):113-119.
[5]MOCHANE M J,MOTAUNG T E,MOTLOUNG S V.Morphology,flammability,and properties of graphite reinforced polymer composites.Systematic review[J].Polym Compos,2017,4:1-13.
[6]AMITRAI A,ARDEN L M.Enhanced thermal conduction and influence of interfacial resistance within flexible high aspect ratio copper nanowire/polymer composites[J].Compos Sci Technol,2017,144:70-78.
[7]ZHOU R,LU D H,JIANG Y H,et al.Mechanical properties and erosion wear resistance of polyurethane matrix composites[J].Wear,2005,259:676-683.
[8]MARTIN D,GERTJAN S V,NAMBOODIRI P,et al.Superlubricity of graphite[J].Phys Rev Lett,2004,92(12):126101(1-4).
[9]JUN B,HAI LL,XIAO WW,et al.Fabrication of microwave exfoliated graphite oxide reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites:Effects of filler on morphology,mechanical,thermal and conductive properties[J].Compos Part A,2013,47(1):72-82.
[10]BARICK A K,TRIPATHY D K.Preparation,characterization and properties of acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites[J].Mater Sci Eng B,2011,176(18):1435-1447.
[11]GAO J F,HU M J,DONG Y C,et al.Graphite-nanoplatelet-decorated polymer nanofiber with improved thermal,electrical,and mechanical properties[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2013,5:7758-7764.
[12]CINELLI P,IRENE A,ANDRE L.Green synthesis of flexible polyurethane foams from liquefied lignin[J].Eur Polym J,2013,49(6):1174-1184.
[13]HA Y M,LIM D,LEE SY,et al.Enhanced thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of polyurethane composites with the introduction of thermallyannealed carbon nanotubes[J].Macromol Res,2017,25(10):1015-1021.
[14]HE Y,LI W,YANG G L,et al.A novel method for fabricating wearable,piezoresistive,and pressure sensors based on modified-graphite/polyurethane composite films[J].Material,2017,10(7):684-699.
[15]李宁,董火成,朱小树,等.球形氧化铝填充聚氨酯制备导热塑料[J].化学推进剂与高分子材料,2016,14(6):78-81.
[16]MARHOONI I.Mechanical and physical properties of polyurethane composites reinforced with carbon black N990 Particles[J].Int J Sci Technol Res,2017,6(8):225-228.
[17]YAN L B.Lateral crushing of empty and polyurethane-foam filled natural flax fabric reinforced epoxy composite tubes[J].Composite Part B,2014,63(16):15-26.
[18]王超,安振涛,甄建伟,等.玻璃纤维/玻璃微珠混杂增强聚氨酯泡沫铝压缩性能研究[J].材料导报B:研究篇,2012,26(18):116-118.
[19]吕播瑞,畅贝哲,白静静.功能化纳米Si O2/热塑性弹性体复合材料的制备及性能[J].塑料工业,2017,45(12):49-53.
[20]SWETHA C,CHRISTIAN S,KARL S.Preparation and characterization of graphite nano-platelet(GNP)/epoxy nano-composite:Mechanical,electrical and thermal properties[J].Eur Polym J,2013,49:3878-3888.