近40a厦门海域表层沉积物重金属时空分布及综合生态风险评价
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摘要
本文通过对自20世纪80年代以来九龙江口-厦门湾海域的表层沉积物重金属调查数据进行对比分析,确定了各区域重金属含量的平均水平,对表层沉积物重金属含量分布作了概述,同时根据潜在生态风险指数法的需要确定了各重金属元素含量的背景值,为该区域重金属含量的研究和评价以及背景值提供了参考数据。结合2016年8月该区域表层沉积物重金属含量调查数据,进行了总体潜在生态风险评价,结果表明:九龙江口-厦门湾海域的表层沉积物重金属潜在生态风险情况并不乐观,厦门东部水道部分海域重金属潜在生态风险以轻度风险为主,九龙江口海域重金属潜在生态风险以重度风险为主,其余海域以中度风险为主。
According to the comparative analysis result of historical heavy metals contents in the surface sediments from the Jiulong River Estuary and Xiamen Bay from 1980 s,the average value of heavy metals contents in this sea area was established,and the overview of heavy metals distribution characteristic has been made.Besides,the background level of heavy metal element contents was determined according to the need of potential ecological risk index method,it provides the reference data of average value and background level for further research and evaluation.Combined with the survey data in August,2016,the integrated risk evaluation results indicated an unoptimistic situation of this sea area,the eastern of Xiamen Sea Area mainly belonged to low ecological risk,Jiulong River Estuary mainly belonged to heavy ecological risk,and the rest of Xiamen Bay mainly belonged to moderate ecological risk.
According to the comparative analysis result of historical heavy metals contents in the surface sediments from the Jiulong River Estuary and Xiamen Bay from 1980 s,the average value of heavy metals contents in this sea area was established,and the overview of heavy metals distribution characteristic has been made.Besides,the background level of heavy metal element contents was determined according to the need of potential ecological risk index method,it provides the reference data of average value and background level for further research and evaluation.Combined with the survey data in August,2016,the integrated risk evaluation results indicated an unoptimistic situation of this sea area,the eastern of Xiamen Sea Area mainly belonged to low ecological risk,Jiulong River Estuary mainly belonged to heavy ecological risk,and the rest of Xiamen Bay mainly belonged to moderate ecological risk.
引文
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[15]LIN Shan-shan,ZHANG Lei,YUAN Dong-xing,et al.Arsenic distribution and correlation with environmental factors in sediments of Jiulongjiang Estuary[J].Journal of Applied Oceanography,2014,33(2):245-250.林珊珊,章蕾,袁东星,等.九龙江口沉积物砷含量的分布特征及与环境因子的相关性[J].应用海洋学学报,2014,33(2):245-250.
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[2]LIAO Wen-zhuo,PAN Jie-zai,CHEN Song.The distribution and behavior of Cd,Cu,Pb in the surface sediments of the Jiulong river mouth and Xiamen harbour[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1983,2(1):47-53.廖文卓,潘皆再,陈松.九龙江口厦门港沉积物中镉、铜、铅的分布和行为[J].台湾海峡,1983,2(1):47-53.
[3]CHEN Song,XU Ai-yu,LUO Bing-kun.Distribution and sources of heavy metals in sediments from the Xiamen harbour[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1987,6(2):139-145.陈松,许爱玉,骆炳坤.厦门港湾表层沉积物中重金属的富集和来源探讨[J].台湾海峡,1987,6(2):139-145.
[4]CHEN Song,LIAO Wen-zhuo,LUO Bing-kun,et al.Geochemistry of heavy metals in sediment in the estuary of Jiulong river[C]//Taiwan strait and adjacent waters marine division study symposium proceedings.Beijing:China Ocean Press,1995:202-207.陈松,廖文卓,骆炳坤,等.九龙江河口区沉积物中重金属的地球化学[C]//台湾海峡及邻近海域海洋科学讨论会论文集.北京:海洋出版社,1995:202-207.
[5]CHEN Song,LIAO Wen-zhuo,XU Ai-yu,et al.Chemical characteristics of surface sediment in west Xiamen Habour[J].Taiwan Strait,1992,11(2):131-137.陈松,廖文卓,许爱玉,等.厦门西港表层沉积物的化学特征[J].台湾海峡,1992,11(2):131-137.
[6]HONG Li-yu,CHEN Wei-qi,HONG Hua-sheng,et al.Concentrations and distributions of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd in surface sediments from Xiamen-Jinmen sea area[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,2000,19(4):441-445.洪丽玉,陈伟琪,洪华生,等.厦门-金门海域表层沉积物中重金属铜铅锌镉的含量分布[J].台湾海峡,2000,19(4):441-445.
[7]LIU Qiong-yu,HONG Hua-sheng,HONG Li-yu.Distribution features and sources of Cu,Pb,Zn and Cd in Xiamen western sea sediments[J].Marine Science Bulletin,1995,14(6):46-51.刘琼玉,洪华生,洪丽玉.厦门西海域表层沉积物重金属的分布特征及来源探讨[J].海洋通报,1995,14(6):46-51.
[8]LI Gui-hai,LAN Dong-zhao,CAO Zhi-min,et al.Specificity and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in the sediments of the Xiamen sea area[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2007,26(1):67-71.李桂海,蓝东兆,曹志敏,等.厦门海域沉积物中的重金属及其潜在生态风险[J].海洋通报,2007,26(1):67-71.
[9]LI Qing-zhao,LI Guo-xin,LUO Zhuan-xi,et al.Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in sediment from Xiamen Bay[J].Environmental Chemistry,2009,28(6):869-875.李庆召,李国新,罗专溪,等.厦门湾海域表层沉积物重金属和多环芳烃污染特征及生态风险评价[J].环境化学,2009,28(6):869-875.
[10]WANG Wei-li,GENG An-chao,LIU Hua-tai,et al.Distribution and potential ecological risk evaluation of heavy metals in the surface sediments from the Jiulongjiang River Estuary[J].Advances in Marine Science,2009,27(4):502-508.王伟力,耿安朝,刘花台,等.九龙江口表层沉积物重金属分布及潜在生态风险评价[J].海洋科学进展,2009,27(4):502-508.
[11]LIU Hao-ran,LEI Huai-yan,WANG Meng-guang,et al.Distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Jiulong River Estuary[J].Journal of Xiamen University:Natural Science,2009,48(3):456-460.柳浩然,雷怀彦,王蒙光,等.九龙江河口湾表层沉积物中重金属分布及其潜在生态风险[J].厦门大学学报:自然科学版,2009,48(3):456-460.
[12]LIN Cai,LIN Hui,CHEN Jin-min,et al.Pollution assessment of heavy metals in the sediment of Jiulong River Estuary[J].Marine Science,2011,35(8):11-17.林彩,林辉,陈金民,等.九龙江河口沉积物重金属污染评价[J].海洋科学,2011,35(8):11-17.
[13]YU Rui-lian,YU Wei-he,HU Gong-ren,et al.Speciation and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the surface sediments from upstream of Jiulong River Estuary[J].Environmental Chemsitry,2013,32(12):321-328.于瑞莲,余伟河,胡恭任,等.九龙江河口上游表层沉积物中重金属赋存形态及生态风险[J].环境化学,2013,32(12):321-328.
[14]LIN Cheng-qi,HU Gong-ren,YU Rui-lian,et al.Pollution assessment and source analysis of heavy metals in offshore surface sediments from Jiulong River[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(4):1 218-1 225.林承奇,胡恭任,于瑞莲,等.九龙江近岸表层沉积物重金属污染评价及来源解析[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(4):1 218-1 225.
[15]LIN Shan-shan,ZHANG Lei,YUAN Dong-xing,et al.Arsenic distribution and correlation with environmental factors in sediments of Jiulongjiang Estuary[J].Journal of Applied Oceanography,2014,33(2):245-250.林珊珊,章蕾,袁东星,等.九龙江口沉积物砷含量的分布特征及与环境因子的相关性[J].应用海洋学学报,2014,33(2):245-250.
[16]ZHANG Luo-ping,XIN Ye,FENG Huan,et al.Heavy metal contamination in western Xiamen Bay sediments and its vicinity,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2007,54(7):974-982.
[17]PAN Ke,WANG Wen-xiong.Trace metal contamination in estuarine and coastal environments in China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,421-422(3):3-16.
[18]GB 17378.5-2007The specification for marine monitoring——Part 5:Sediment analysis[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2007:4-25.GB 17378.5-2007海洋监测规范:第5部分:沉积物分析[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007:4-25.
[19]HAKANSON L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution contro1:A sedimentological approach[J]. Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1 001.