基于第二动力技术的TBCC综合能源展望
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摘要
飞行器电能、液压能和气压能的功率需求由第二动力系统单独做功或提取发动机主轴功率供应。TBCC发动机模态转换后,第二动力系统无法从发动机主轴提取功率。因此,需要解决空天飞行器第二动力系统长时间大功率能量输出的问题。分析航空蓄电池、起动发电机、APU、GTS、ATS和RAT的技术特点、发展现状以及第二动力的发展趋势,结合高超声速飞行器的发展趋势,提出ATS/RAT组合和多电超导发动机/大比能的储能装置技术组合是实现空天高超声速飞行器综合能源的技术路线。
The electrical generation,hydraulic power and pneumatic power of an aircraft is supplied by the secondary power system or the power extracted from engines by the secondary power system.After the mode transition of TBCC,there is no energy from engines for extracting.Therefore,it is needed to solve the problem of long time and high energy output of the secondary power system for airspace hypersonic aircraft.The technical features,application and development of the secondary power system are concluded,as well as the development of hypersonic aircraft.The combination of ATS & RAT and superconducting generator of more electric engine technology and large energy storage devices are available technical routes for integrated energy of airspace hypersonic aircraft.
The electrical generation,hydraulic power and pneumatic power of an aircraft is supplied by the secondary power system or the power extracted from engines by the secondary power system.After the mode transition of TBCC,there is no energy from engines for extracting.Therefore,it is needed to solve the problem of long time and high energy output of the secondary power system for airspace hypersonic aircraft.The technical features,application and development of the secondary power system are concluded,as well as the development of hypersonic aircraft.The combination of ATS & RAT and superconducting generator of more electric engine technology and large energy storage devices are available technical routes for integrated energy of airspace hypersonic aircraft.
引文
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[2]魏娟.民用飞机蓄电池选型浅析[J].科技视界,2015(25):98-99.Wei Juan.Analysis for battery category selection of civil aircraft[J].Science&Technology Vision,2015(25):98-99.(in Chinese)
[3]Jean,Luc Derouineau.More electric architectures and the impact on propulsion systems[R].ISABE 2005-1161,Phoenix,U.S.:ISABE,2005.
[4]《航空发动机设计手册》总编委会.航空发动机设计手册:第14册---辅助动力装置及起动机[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2000.The Editorial Board of Aero engine design manual.Aero engine design manual:Vol 14-Auxiliary power unit and starter[M].Beijing:Aviation Industry Press,2000.(in Chinese)
[5]万伟悦,严仰光.现代飞机电源系统及其发展[J].科学技术创新,2011(3):47.Wan Weiyue,Yan Yangguang.Modern aircraft power system and its development[J].Heilongjiang Science and Technology Information,2011(3):47.(in Chinese)
[6]Stephan Eelman,Isabel Poza,Tobias Krieg.Fuel cell AP-U’s in commerical aircraft-an assessment of SOFC and PEMFC concepts[R].Sorrento,Italy:8th International Symposium on Flow Visualization,1998.
[7]胡晓煜.多电发动机技术发展初探[J].国际航空,2003(7):43-45.Hu Xiaoyu.Technology development of multi-electric engine[J].International Aviation,2003(7):43-45.(in Chinese)
[8]唐正府,王进,张新非,等.国外先进战斗机空中应急功能分析[J].燃气涡轮试验与研究,2013(1):53-57.Tang Zhengfu,Wang Jin,Zhang Xinfei,et al.Analysis of air emergency on foreign advanced fighters[J].Gas Turbine Experiment and Research,2013(1):53-57.(in Chinese)
[9]李东杰.辅助动力装置的应用现状和发展趋势[J].航空科学技术,2012(6):7-10.Li Dongjie.Application status and development trend of auxiliary power unit[J].Aeronautical Science&Technology,2012(6):7-10.(in Chinese)
[10]Morita M,Sasaki M.Restart characteristics of turbofan engines[R].ISABE 89-7127,Athens,Greece:ISABE,1989.
[11]Giesler W,Mathis D,HageJ R.High reliability oil-air high speed gear box clearance seal[R].AIAA-98-3287,1998.
[12]《世界中小型航空发动机手册》编委会.世界中小型航空发动机手册[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2006:450.The Editorial Board of World small and medium sized aeroengine handbook.World small and medium sized aeroengine handbook[M].Beijing:Aviation Industry Press,2006:450.(in Chinese)
[13]王永鑫,崔宇.冲压空气涡轮在民用涡桨飞机中的应用[J].航空制造技术,2014,458(14):86-88.Wang Yongxin,Cui Yu.Application of ram air turbine in civil turbo-prop aircraft[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2014,458(14):86-88.(in Chinese)
[14]吴佳.某冲压空气涡轮结构设计及强度寿命振动分析[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008.Wu Jia.Structural design and strength life vibration analysis of a ram air turbine[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2008.(in Chinese)
[15]潘文林.军用飞机上的冲压空气涡轮[J].航空世界,2016(3):70-73.Pai Wenlin.The ram air turbine on military aircraft[J].A-viation World,2016(3):70-73.(in Chinese)
[16]美欧探索2030年民用航空分布式混合电推进系统[EB/OL].(2014-12-02)[2018-05-01].http:∥www.cannews.com.cn/2014/1202/113022.shtml.US and Europe explore the distributed hybrid propulsion system for civil aviation in 2030[EB/OL].(2014-12-02)[2018-05-01].http:∥www.cannews.com.cn/2014/1202/113022.shtml.(in Chinese)
[17]邱献双.机载大功率超导发电机发展现状与展望[J].航空科学技术,2014,25(10):1-3.Qiu Xianshuang.Progress and prospects of high power superconducting generators for airborne applications[J].Aeronautical Science&Technology,2014,25(10):1-3.(in Chinese)
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[19]黄顺礼.我国超导发电机技术能再创辉煌[J].东方电气评论,2000(2):89.Huang Shunli.Superconducting generator technology of China achieves greater prosperity[J].Dongfang Electric Review,2000(2):89.(in Chinese)
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[21]Jan D L,Rohatgi N,Voecks G,et al.Thermal,mass and power interaction for lunar base life support and power system[C].International Conference on Environmental Systems,SAE PAPER 932115,United States:1993.
[22]Oyama N,Tatsuma T,Sato T.Dimercaptan-polyaniline composite electrodes for lithium batteries with high energy density[J].Nature,1995,373:598-600.
[23]Rinehart G H.Design characteristics and fabrication of radioisotope heat sources for space missions[J].Progress in Neclear Energy,2001,39(3/4):305-319.
[24]邹宇,黄宁康.伏特效应放射性同位素电池的原理和进展[J].核技术,2006,29(6):432-437.Zou Yu,Huang Ningkang.Basic principles and developments of the radioisotope powered voltaic batteries[J].Nuclear Techniques,2006,29(6):432-437.(in Chinese)
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[30]Steelant J.Achievements obtained for sustained hypersonic flight within the LAPCAT project[R].AIAA-2008-2578,2008.