人工结构面剪切试验及数值模拟分析
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摘要
[目的]深入研究岩石结构面在剪切力学行为中三维形貌对抗剪强度的影响,揭示结构面的抗剪实质,为进一步认识结构面的性质提供依据。[方法]采用三维激光扫描仪和3D打印机完全重铸了人工制作的结构面试样,并且在室内进行5级法向应力下的直剪试验,记录下剪切前后的表面形貌。并且用FLAC 3D数值模拟软件模拟结构面在不同法向压力下的剪切力学运动,分析和总结剪切应力在结构面表面的分布规律。[结果]结构面的峰值抗剪强度与法向压力和结构面三维形貌有关,在同一剪切力作用下,法向应力越大,剪切接触面积越大,剪切应力的大小和范围都增大,结构面表面高处的小凸起体被大量剪断,而在较低处的小凸起体损坏区则不明显,表明较高处的结构面凸起体较容易被剪断。[结论]随着法向压力的增大,剪切应力的大小和范围都增大,区域并没有太明显的改变。
[Objective]To study the effect of three-dimensional topography on shear strength and reveal the shear essence of structural plane,in order to provide the basis for understanding the properties of structural plane.[Methods]A 3D laser scanner and a 3D printer was used to completely recast the artificially fabricated structural interview samples.The direct shear test was conducted indoors under the normal stress level 5,to record the surface topography change before and after shearing.The FLAC 3D numerical simulation software was used to simulate the shear mechanical movement of the structural plane under different normal pressures.The distribution of shear stress on the surface of structural plane was analyzed and summarized.[Results]The peak shear strength of the structural plane was related to the normal pressure and three-dimensional topography of the structural plane.Under the same shearing force,with the larger normal stress,the shearing contact area,the shearing stress and the scope of the shearing stress were larger.The small bulge at the top of the structural plane surface was significantly sheared,but the damage area of the small bulge at the lower part was not obvious,indicating that the bulge at the higher part of the structural plane was easier to be sheared.[Conclusion]With the increase of normal pressure,the magnitude and range of shear stress increase,but the region does not change obviously.
[Objective]To study the effect of three-dimensional topography on shear strength and reveal the shear essence of structural plane,in order to provide the basis for understanding the properties of structural plane.[Methods]A 3D laser scanner and a 3D printer was used to completely recast the artificially fabricated structural interview samples.The direct shear test was conducted indoors under the normal stress level 5,to record the surface topography change before and after shearing.The FLAC 3D numerical simulation software was used to simulate the shear mechanical movement of the structural plane under different normal pressures.The distribution of shear stress on the surface of structural plane was analyzed and summarized.[Results]The peak shear strength of the structural plane was related to the normal pressure and three-dimensional topography of the structural plane.Under the same shearing force,with the larger normal stress,the shearing contact area,the shearing stress and the scope of the shearing stress were larger.The small bulge at the top of the structural plane surface was significantly sheared,but the damage area of the small bulge at the lower part was not obvious,indicating that the bulge at the higher part of the structural plane was easier to be sheared.[Conclusion]With the increase of normal pressure,the magnitude and range of shear stress increase,but the region does not change obviously.
引文
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[15]熊祖强,江权,龚彦华,等.基于三维扫描与打印的岩体自然结构面试样制作方法与剪切试验验证[J].岩土力学,2015,36(6):1557-1565.
[16]杜时贵,黄曼,罗战友,等.岩石结构面力学原型试验相似对料研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(11):2263-2270.
[2]Ge Yunfeng,Kulatilake P H S W,Tang huiming,et al.Investigation of natural rock joint roughness[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2014,55:290-305.
[3]Stimpson B.A rapid field method for recording joint roughness profiles[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and mining,1982,19(6):345-346.
[4]Patton F D.Multiple modes of shear failure in rock[C]∥First Congress of International Society of Rock Mechanics.Lisbon,Portugal,1966:509-513.
[5]Ladanyi B,Archambault G.Simulation of shear behavior of ajointed rock mass[C]∥Proceedings of the 11th U.S.Symposium on Rock Mechanics(USRMS).California:Berkeley,1969:105-125.
[6]Schneider H J.The friction and deformation behaviour of rock joints[J].Rock Mechanics.1976,8:169-184.
[7]Barton N,Choubey V.The shear strength of rock joints in theory and practice[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Enginnering,1977,10(1):1-54.
[8]Barton N.Review of a new shear-strength criterion for rock joints[J].Engineering Geology,1973,7(4):287-332.
[9]杜时贵.岩体结构面抗剪强度经验估算[M].北京:地震出版社,2005.
[10]Grasselli G,Wirthc J,Eggerb P.Quantitative threedimensional descripition of a rough surface and parameter evolution with shearing[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&mining Science,2002,39(6):789-800.
[11]谷德振.岩体工程地质力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.
[12]吉锋,石豫川,冯文凯.一种新型的结构面起伏形态测量工具接触打孔器的研制[C]∥第三届全国岩土与工程学术大会论文集.成都:四川科学技术出版社,2009,651-653.
[13]潘凯,谭洵,吉锋,等.岩石硬性结构面粗糙度量化及其剪切试验研究[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2013,11(3),41-44.
[14]董秀军.三维激光扫描技术及其工程应用[D].成都:成都理工大学,2007.
[15]熊祖强,江权,龚彦华,等.基于三维扫描与打印的岩体自然结构面试样制作方法与剪切试验验证[J].岩土力学,2015,36(6):1557-1565.
[16]杜时贵,黄曼,罗战友,等.岩石结构面力学原型试验相似对料研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(11):2263-2270.