不同灌水处理对不同抗旱型小麦品种生长发育和产量的影响
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摘要
为了探明黄淮麦区不同干旱敏感型冬小麦品种对不同灌溉方式的响应特征,以黄淮麦区大面积推广的2个冬小麦品种抗旱型的矮抗58(AK58)和干旱敏感型的郑麦7698(ZM7698)为研究对象,在隔离池中通过不同时期定量灌水研究总灌水量不变的情况下拔节期和开花期水分调配对2个小麦品种的群体数量、个体发育、产量构成的影响。结果表明,ZM7698在拔节期灌水100 mm+开花期灌水100 mm(B1F1)处理下具有最高的群体数量和次生根数,而AK58在拔节期灌水200 mm+开花期不灌水(B2F0)处理下群体数量和次生根数最高;2个小麦品种均在B2F0处理下株高最高,B1F1和B0F2(拔节期不灌水+开花期灌水200 mm)处理株高均较其显著下降。与B2F0处理相比,B1F1和B0F2处理ZM7698和AK58两个品种旗叶SPAD值均显著下降,ZM7698叶片SPAD值下降幅度大于AK58。ZM7698和AK58的小穗孕性对不同灌水处理的响应明显不同,ZM7698结实小穗比率表现为B0F2>B1F1>B2F1,AK58则表现为B1F1>B0F2>B2F0。AK58的产量表现为B1F1>B2F0>B0F2,穗数表现为B2F0>B1F1>B0F2,穗粒数表现为B1F1>B2F0>B0F2,千粒质量表现为B0F2>B1F1>B2F0;而ZM7698的产量则表现为B1F1>B0F2>B2F0,穗数表现为B2F0>B1F1>B0F2,千粒质量表现为B0F2>B1F1>B2F0,穗粒数表现为B2F0>B0F2>B1F1。AK58和ZM7698的强势粒千粒质量均随着开花期灌水量的增加而显著增加,但AK58的增加幅度明显高于ZM7698; ZM7698弱势粒千粒质量仅在B1F1和B0F2处理间有显著差异,而AK58弱势粒千粒质量在B1F1和B0F2处理下均显著高于B0F2处理。综上所述,抗旱型品种AK58和干旱敏感型品种ZM7698均在拔节—开花期均匀灌水(B1F1)条件下产量最高,但是产量构成因素变化不同,AK58和ZM7698小穗发育过程和强、弱势粒灌浆过程对拔节期和开花期土壤水分敏感性的不同是造成2个小麦品种产量构成不同的重要原因。
In order to explore the effects of different irrigation methods on different drought-resistant wheat cultivars in Huang-huai wheat region,an experiment was carried out with drought-resistant wheat cultivar Aikang 58(AK58) and drought-sensitive wheat cultivar Zhengmai 7698(ZM7698),which were widely planted in the Huang-huai wheat region.The effect of different irrigation treatments on the population size,individual development,yield components of two wheat cultivars under a quota irrigation with 200 mm during the whole growth period with different distribution modes between jointing stage and flowering stage were studied.The results showed that ZM7698 had the highest population size and secondary root number in the case of uniform irrigation with 100 mm at jointing stage and flowering stage(B1 F1),while AK58 had the highest population size and secondary root number in the case of irrigation amount of 200 mm at the jointing stage(B2 F0).Both two wheat varieties had the highest plant height under B2 F0 treatment,B1 F1 treatment of ZM7698 and B0 F2 treatment of AK58 significantly reduced the plant height compared with B2 F0 treatment respectively.Under B1 F1 and B0 F2 treatments,the chlorophyll contents of flag leaves of both AK58 and ZM7698 decreased significantly,and the decrease extent was larger in ZM7698 than that in AK58 compared with B2 F0 treatment.The responses of spikelet fertility of ZM7698 and AK58 to different irrigation treatment were different,the set spikelet ratio of ZM7698 showed as B0 F2>B1 F1>B2 F1,while AK58 showed as B1 F1>B0 F2>B2 F0.The yield,spike number,grain number per spike and thousand grains weight of AK58 showed as B1 F1>B2 F0>B0 F2,B2 F0>B1 F1>B0 F2,B1 F1>B2 F0>B0 F2 and B0 F2>B1 F1>B2 F0,respectively.While the yield,spike number,grain number per spike and thousand grains weight of ZM7698 showed as B1 F1>B0 F2>B2 F0,B2 F0>B1 F1>B0 F2,B2 F0>B0 F2>B1 F1 and B0 F2>B1 F1>B2 F0.The thousand grains weight of strong kernels of AK58 and ZM7698 both significantly increased with the increase of irrigation amount at flowering stage,but the increase extent was larger in AK58 than that in ZM7698.The thousand kernels weight of weak kernels of ZM7698 only had significant difference between B1 F1 treatment and B0 F2 treatment,while that of AK58 was significantly higher in B1 F1 and B0 F2 treatments than that in B0 F2 treatment.In conclusions,both AK58 and ZM7698 had the highest yield under uniform irrigation at jointing stage and flowering stage(B1 F1),but the yield components were different among different treatments;the different sensibility of spikelet development,filling processes of strong kernels and weak kernels to soil water content at jointing stage and flowering stage caused the different yield components of ZM7698 and AK58.
In order to explore the effects of different irrigation methods on different drought-resistant wheat cultivars in Huang-huai wheat region,an experiment was carried out with drought-resistant wheat cultivar Aikang 58(AK58) and drought-sensitive wheat cultivar Zhengmai 7698(ZM7698),which were widely planted in the Huang-huai wheat region.The effect of different irrigation treatments on the population size,individual development,yield components of two wheat cultivars under a quota irrigation with 200 mm during the whole growth period with different distribution modes between jointing stage and flowering stage were studied.The results showed that ZM7698 had the highest population size and secondary root number in the case of uniform irrigation with 100 mm at jointing stage and flowering stage(B1 F1),while AK58 had the highest population size and secondary root number in the case of irrigation amount of 200 mm at the jointing stage(B2 F0).Both two wheat varieties had the highest plant height under B2 F0 treatment,B1 F1 treatment of ZM7698 and B0 F2 treatment of AK58 significantly reduced the plant height compared with B2 F0 treatment respectively.Under B1 F1 and B0 F2 treatments,the chlorophyll contents of flag leaves of both AK58 and ZM7698 decreased significantly,and the decrease extent was larger in ZM7698 than that in AK58 compared with B2 F0 treatment.The responses of spikelet fertility of ZM7698 and AK58 to different irrigation treatment were different,the set spikelet ratio of ZM7698 showed as B0 F2>B1 F1>B2 F1,while AK58 showed as B1 F1>B0 F2>B2 F0.The yield,spike number,grain number per spike and thousand grains weight of AK58 showed as B1 F1>B2 F0>B0 F2,B2 F0>B1 F1>B0 F2,B1 F1>B2 F0>B0 F2 and B0 F2>B1 F1>B2 F0,respectively.While the yield,spike number,grain number per spike and thousand grains weight of ZM7698 showed as B1 F1>B0 F2>B2 F0,B2 F0>B1 F1>B0 F2,B2 F0>B0 F2>B1 F1 and B0 F2>B1 F1>B2 F0.The thousand grains weight of strong kernels of AK58 and ZM7698 both significantly increased with the increase of irrigation amount at flowering stage,but the increase extent was larger in AK58 than that in ZM7698.The thousand kernels weight of weak kernels of ZM7698 only had significant difference between B1 F1 treatment and B0 F2 treatment,while that of AK58 was significantly higher in B1 F1 and B0 F2 treatments than that in B0 F2 treatment.In conclusions,both AK58 and ZM7698 had the highest yield under uniform irrigation at jointing stage and flowering stage(B1 F1),but the yield components were different among different treatments;the different sensibility of spikelet development,filling processes of strong kernels and weak kernels to soil water content at jointing stage and flowering stage caused the different yield components of ZM7698 and AK58.
引文
[1] 马富举,杨程,张德奇,等.灌水模式对冬小麦光合特性、水分利用效率和产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(4):1233-1239.
[2] 张嫚,周苏玫,杨习文,等.减氮适墒对冬小麦土壤硝态氮分布和氮素吸收利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(20):3885-3897.
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[5] 孟兆江,段爱旺,王景雷,等.调亏灌溉对冬小麦根冠生长影响的试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2012,31(4):37-41.
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[9] 王毅,任爱霞,孙敏,等.休闲期深翻覆盖配施氮磷肥对旱地小麦群体动态、叶面积的影响及其与产量的相关性[J].山西农业科学,2014,42(3):242-246.
[10] 陈梦楠,高志强,孙敏,等.旱地小麦深施磷肥对群体动态及产量形成的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(6):395-399.
[11] 张兰生,张晶,党建友,等.锌腐酸肥料对冬小麦群体、产量及品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018 (2):109-112.
[12] 崔帅,王红光,李东晓,等.限水减氮对高产麦田群体动态和产量形成的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(8):1060-1068.
[13] 王红光,于振文,张永丽,等.推迟拔节水及其灌水量对小麦耗水量和耗水来源及农田蒸散量的影响[J].作物学报,2010,36(7):1183-1191.
[14] 赵甍,王秀伟,毛子军.不同氮素浓度下CO2浓度、温度对蒙古栎 (Quercus mongolica) 幼苗叶绿素含量的影响[J].植物研究,2006,26(3):337-341.
[15] 衣艳君,李芳柏,刘家尧.尖叶走灯藓 (Plagiomnium cuspidatum) 叶绿素荧光对复合重金属胁迫的响应[J].生态学报,2008,28(11):5437-5444.
[16] 张英华,杨佑明,曹莲,等.灌浆期高温对小麦旗叶与非叶器官光合和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].作物学报,2015,41(1):136-144.
[17] 王志强,梁威威,范雯雯,等.不同土壤肥力下冬小麦春季干旱的复水补偿效应[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(8):1628-1636.
[18] 周吉红,毛思帅,王俊英,等.限量灌溉对京郊小麦产量、水分利用效率及效益的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(8):1043-1049.
[19] 王瑞霞,闫长生,张秀英,等.春季低温对小麦产量和光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2018,44(2):288-296.
[20] 郭天财,冯伟,赵会杰,等.水氮运筹对干旱年型冬小麦旗叶生理性状及产量的交互效应[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(3):453-457.
[2] 张嫚,周苏玫,杨习文,等.减氮适墒对冬小麦土壤硝态氮分布和氮素吸收利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(20):3885-3897.
[3] 张永平,张英华,王志敏.不同供水条件下冬小麦叶与非叶绿色器官光合日变化特征[J].生态学报,2011,31(5):1312-1322.
[4] 马新明,熊淑萍,李琳,等.土壤水分对不同专用小麦后期光合特性及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(1):83-87.
[5] 孟兆江,段爱旺,王景雷,等.调亏灌溉对冬小麦根冠生长影响的试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2012,31(4):37-41.
[6] JIANG D,CAO W,DAI T,et al.Activities of key enzymes for starch synthesis in relation to growth of superior and inferior grains on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spike[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2003,41:247-257.
[7] 徐莹,王林林,陈炜,等.施氮量对旱地小麦强势粒和弱势粒灌浆及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(3):489-494.
[8] 叶优良,王桂良,朱云集,等.施氮对高产小麦群体动态、产量和土壤氮素变化的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(2):351-358.
[9] 王毅,任爱霞,孙敏,等.休闲期深翻覆盖配施氮磷肥对旱地小麦群体动态、叶面积的影响及其与产量的相关性[J].山西农业科学,2014,42(3):242-246.
[10] 陈梦楠,高志强,孙敏,等.旱地小麦深施磷肥对群体动态及产量形成的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(6):395-399.
[11] 张兰生,张晶,党建友,等.锌腐酸肥料对冬小麦群体、产量及品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018 (2):109-112.
[12] 崔帅,王红光,李东晓,等.限水减氮对高产麦田群体动态和产量形成的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(8):1060-1068.
[13] 王红光,于振文,张永丽,等.推迟拔节水及其灌水量对小麦耗水量和耗水来源及农田蒸散量的影响[J].作物学报,2010,36(7):1183-1191.
[14] 赵甍,王秀伟,毛子军.不同氮素浓度下CO2浓度、温度对蒙古栎 (Quercus mongolica) 幼苗叶绿素含量的影响[J].植物研究,2006,26(3):337-341.
[15] 衣艳君,李芳柏,刘家尧.尖叶走灯藓 (Plagiomnium cuspidatum) 叶绿素荧光对复合重金属胁迫的响应[J].生态学报,2008,28(11):5437-5444.
[16] 张英华,杨佑明,曹莲,等.灌浆期高温对小麦旗叶与非叶器官光合和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].作物学报,2015,41(1):136-144.
[17] 王志强,梁威威,范雯雯,等.不同土壤肥力下冬小麦春季干旱的复水补偿效应[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(8):1628-1636.
[18] 周吉红,毛思帅,王俊英,等.限量灌溉对京郊小麦产量、水分利用效率及效益的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(8):1043-1049.
[19] 王瑞霞,闫长生,张秀英,等.春季低温对小麦产量和光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2018,44(2):288-296.
[20] 郭天财,冯伟,赵会杰,等.水氮运筹对干旱年型冬小麦旗叶生理性状及产量的交互效应[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(3):453-457.