中国环绕黄海和渤海的湿地春季水鸟多样性及其分布
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摘要
环绕黄海和渤海的湿地是东亚—澳大利西亚水鸟迁徙路线的重要组成部分,是水鸟南北迁徙的重要驿站。为了掌握中国境内环绕黄海和渤海湿地中的水鸟现状,2016年、2017年和2018年春季,在30家单位的合作下,采用样线和样点调查法相结合,对中国境内环绕黄海和渤海的共26处(2016年和2017年春季调查了18处,2018年春季调查了23处)湿地中水鸟种类和多样性进行同步调查。调查结果表明,共记录到水鸟8目17科137种,个体数量为2 588 603只;其中,有鸻鹬类水鸟53种,其个体数量合计占调查区水鸟总个体数量的80.7%;有世界自然保护联盟(International Union for Conservation of Nature,IUCN)濒危物种红色名录中的极危种3种,濒危种6种,易危种6种,近危种13种;不同调查样区的水鸟丰富度差异明显,各种水鸟的个体数量差异较大;环绕黄海和渤海的湿地是鸻鹬类水鸟重要的停歇驿站,是青头潜鸭(Aythya baeri)、勺嘴鹬(Eurynorhynchus pygmeus)和东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)等珍稀水鸟的重要栖息地;在26处湿地中,2016年、2017年和2018年春季既符合《湿地公约》标准5又符合标准6的湿地数量分别为8处、8处和10处,2018年春季有17处湿地符合标准6,但是这些湿地受保护程度相对较低。在中国加强生态文明建设的形势下,保护好环绕黄海和渤海的湿地及其水鸟多样性显得尤为迫切。
Wetlands around Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea in China are important part of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway and key stations for migrating waterbirds. In order to determine the current status of the waterbirds in the wetlands around Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea in China, the diversity of the waterbirds in this area in spring were surveyed synchronously by 30 institutions using line transects and point count methods from2016 to 2018. In total, 26 wetlands in this region were surveyed, with 18 wetlands of them were surveyed in the spring of 2016 and 2017, and 23 wetlands were surveyed in spring of 2018. During the surveys, 2 588 603 individuals of waterbirds(137 species, 17 families, 8 orders) were recorded. Among these species, 80.7%(53 species) of them were shorebirds, with three species listed as CR(critically endangered)-grade, 6 species listed as EN(endangered)-grade, 6 species listed as VU(vulnerable)-grade and 13 species recognized as NT(near threatened)-grade by International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN). The abundance of waterbirds in different wetlands was significantly different, and the number of individuals among species varied greatly.This study indicated that Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea Region was an important stopover for shorebirds and some rare bird species, such as Baer's Pochard(Aythya baeri), Spoon-billed Sandpipe(Eurynorhynchus pygmeus) and Oriental White Stork(Ciconia boyciana). In springs of 2016, 2017 and 2018, there were 8, 8 and10 wetlands to meet both "Criterion 5" and "Criterion 6" in this area; in spring of 2018, seventeen wetlands have been found to meet "Criterion 6" in this region, however, the protection for this region remain insufficient. As the progressing of ecological civilization of China, conservation of the wetlands and the biodiversity in Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea Region becomes inevitable
Wetlands around Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea in China are important part of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway and key stations for migrating waterbirds. In order to determine the current status of the waterbirds in the wetlands around Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea in China, the diversity of the waterbirds in this area in spring were surveyed synchronously by 30 institutions using line transects and point count methods from2016 to 2018. In total, 26 wetlands in this region were surveyed, with 18 wetlands of them were surveyed in the spring of 2016 and 2017, and 23 wetlands were surveyed in spring of 2018. During the surveys, 2 588 603 individuals of waterbirds(137 species, 17 families, 8 orders) were recorded. Among these species, 80.7%(53 species) of them were shorebirds, with three species listed as CR(critically endangered)-grade, 6 species listed as EN(endangered)-grade, 6 species listed as VU(vulnerable)-grade and 13 species recognized as NT(near threatened)-grade by International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN). The abundance of waterbirds in different wetlands was significantly different, and the number of individuals among species varied greatly.This study indicated that Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea Region was an important stopover for shorebirds and some rare bird species, such as Baer's Pochard(Aythya baeri), Spoon-billed Sandpipe(Eurynorhynchus pygmeus) and Oriental White Stork(Ciconia boyciana). In springs of 2016, 2017 and 2018, there were 8, 8 and10 wetlands to meet both "Criterion 5" and "Criterion 6" in this area; in spring of 2018, seventeen wetlands have been found to meet "Criterion 6" in this region, however, the protection for this region remain insufficient. As the progressing of ecological civilization of China, conservation of the wetlands and the biodiversity in Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea Region becomes inevitable
引文
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[6]S?ther B E, Bakke?. Avian life history variation and contribution of demographic traits to the population growth rate[J]. Ecology, 2000, 8811:642-653.
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[8]Lei C, Shan T, Xin W, et al. The importance of eastern China for shorebirds during the non-breeding season[J]. Emu, 2009, 110099(2):170-178.
[9]陈克林,杨秀芝,吕咏.鸻鹬类鸟东亚—澳大利西亚迁飞路线上的重要驿站:黄渤海湿地[J].湿地科学, 2015, 1133(1):1-6.
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[11]陈克林.黄渤海湿地与迁徙水鸟研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2006.
[12]中国自然地理编写组.中国自然地理[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1998.
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[14]Lei C, Yong Z, Mark B, et al. Anatidae in eastern China during the non-breeding season:Geographical distributions and protection status[J]. Biological Conservation, 2010, 114433(3):650-659.
[15]王磊,张明娟,刘茂松,等.近30多年江苏省滨海淤长型滩涂中农业/渔业用地动态[J].湿地科学, 2013, 111(2):178-185.
[16]宋红丽,刘兴土.围填海活动对我国河口三角洲湿地的影响[J].湿地科学, 2013, 111(2):297-304.
[17]张绪良,王希明,王守强,等.胶州湾滨海湿地春季北迁鸻鹬鸟类多样性及变化[J].湿地科学, 2017, 1155(2):194-199.
[18]吕宪国.中国湿地与湿地研究[M].石家庄:河北科学技术出版社, 2008.
[19]IUCN 2018. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species[R/OL].Version 2018-2.[2019-01-25]. http://www.iucnredlist.org.
[20]Kirby J S, Stattersfield A J, Butchart S H M, et al. Key conservation issues for migratory land-and waterbird species on the world's major flyways[J]. Bird Conservation International, 2008,1188(S1):25.
[21]Amano T, Tamás Székely, Koyama K, et al. A framework for monitoring the status of populations:An example from wader populations in the East Asian-Australasian flyway[J]. Biological Conservation, 2010, 114433(9):2238-2247.
[22]Szabo J K, Butchart S H M, Possingham H P, et al. Adapting global biodiversity indicators to the national scale:A Red List Index for Australian birds[J]. Biological Conservation, 2012, 148(1):61-68.
[23]郭玉民,林剑声,沈俊峰,等.关于青头潜鸭九江群体的最新报道[J].野生动物学报, 2017, 3388(3):535-536.
[24]彭鹤博,蔡志扬,章麟,等.勺嘴鹬在中国的分布状况和面临的主要威胁[J].动物学杂志, 2017, 5522(1):158-166.
[25]Ma Z J, Cai Y T, Bo L, et al. Managing wetland habitats for waterbirds:An international perspective[J]. Wetlands, 2010, 30(1):15-27.
[2]郝宇琦,马志龙,周学红,等.鸟类在湿地汞循环和汞监测中的作用[J].湿地科学, 2015, 1133(5):551-558.
[3]崔鹏,邓文洪.鸟类群落研究进展[J].动物学杂志, 2007, 4422(4):149-158.
[4]卞晓燕,苗春林,司万童,等. 2016年春季包头南海子湿地鸟类多样性调查[J].湿地科学, 2018, 1166(3):347-357.
[5]周放,房慧伶.长洲水利枢纽建坝后对库区水鸟影响的预测分析[J].生物多样性, 1998, 66(1):17-19.
[6]S?ther B E, Bakke?. Avian life history variation and contribution of demographic traits to the population growth rate[J]. Ecology, 2000, 8811:642-653.
[7]Rais M, Kabeer B, Anwar M, et al. Effect of habitat degradation on breeding water birds at Kallar Kahar lake district Chakwal[J].The Journal of Animal&Plant Sciences, 2010, 2200(4):318-320.
[8]Lei C, Shan T, Xin W, et al. The importance of eastern China for shorebirds during the non-breeding season[J]. Emu, 2009, 110099(2):170-178.
[9]陈克林,杨秀芝,吕咏.鸻鹬类鸟东亚—澳大利西亚迁飞路线上的重要驿站:黄渤海湿地[J].湿地科学, 2015, 1133(1):1-6.
[10]张孚允,杨若莉.中国鸟类迁徙研究[M].北京:中国林业出版,1997.
[11]陈克林.黄渤海湿地与迁徙水鸟研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2006.
[12]中国自然地理编写组.中国自然地理[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1998.
[13]陈克林.卫星追踪斑尾塍鹬[J].大自然, 2007, 6688(4):56-59.
[14]Lei C, Yong Z, Mark B, et al. Anatidae in eastern China during the non-breeding season:Geographical distributions and protection status[J]. Biological Conservation, 2010, 114433(3):650-659.
[15]王磊,张明娟,刘茂松,等.近30多年江苏省滨海淤长型滩涂中农业/渔业用地动态[J].湿地科学, 2013, 111(2):178-185.
[16]宋红丽,刘兴土.围填海活动对我国河口三角洲湿地的影响[J].湿地科学, 2013, 111(2):297-304.
[17]张绪良,王希明,王守强,等.胶州湾滨海湿地春季北迁鸻鹬鸟类多样性及变化[J].湿地科学, 2017, 1155(2):194-199.
[18]吕宪国.中国湿地与湿地研究[M].石家庄:河北科学技术出版社, 2008.
[19]IUCN 2018. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species[R/OL].Version 2018-2.[2019-01-25]. http://www.iucnredlist.org.
[20]Kirby J S, Stattersfield A J, Butchart S H M, et al. Key conservation issues for migratory land-and waterbird species on the world's major flyways[J]. Bird Conservation International, 2008,1188(S1):25.
[21]Amano T, Tamás Székely, Koyama K, et al. A framework for monitoring the status of populations:An example from wader populations in the East Asian-Australasian flyway[J]. Biological Conservation, 2010, 114433(9):2238-2247.
[22]Szabo J K, Butchart S H M, Possingham H P, et al. Adapting global biodiversity indicators to the national scale:A Red List Index for Australian birds[J]. Biological Conservation, 2012, 148(1):61-68.
[23]郭玉民,林剑声,沈俊峰,等.关于青头潜鸭九江群体的最新报道[J].野生动物学报, 2017, 3388(3):535-536.
[24]彭鹤博,蔡志扬,章麟,等.勺嘴鹬在中国的分布状况和面临的主要威胁[J].动物学杂志, 2017, 5522(1):158-166.
[25]Ma Z J, Cai Y T, Bo L, et al. Managing wetland habitats for waterbirds:An international perspective[J]. Wetlands, 2010, 30(1):15-27.