基于BIM与Pathfinder的高校教学楼疏散模拟
|
摘要
作为高校教学的主要场所,高校教学楼具有建筑面积大、人员密集度高等特点。因此疏散时间的长短不仅直接关系到学生的安全,还影响到课间师生转换教室的高效运行。教学楼设计在满足安全疏散的要求下,往往忽略教学活动的实际运行情况,给师生使用带来不便及安全隐患。本研究应用Revit软件建立与实际相同的BIM数据模型,导入Pathfinder软件中建立应急疏散模型,模拟了五种不同场景人员疏散情况,模拟结果对教学楼方案优化设计及教学楼使用优化管理具有一定参考意义。
Teaching buildings,the core places of education in a university,is characterized by large building area and high intensity of personnel. Thus,the evacuation time from these places is of significant importance for the safety of students and teachers,and the efficiency of classroom exchange as well. Normally,the design of teaching buildings focuses on the safety of person evacuation,but does not satisfy the real condition of teaching activities,consequently,the outcome of design pose a threat to the convenience and safety of the teaching activities. In this study,the Revit software was used to establish an actual BIM model,and which was imported into the Pathfinder software,for the sake of establishing the emergency evacuation model. According to this model,five different scenarios were simulated on the person evacuation processes. The simulation results are of certain significance for the optimization in design and management of such teaching buildings.
Teaching buildings,the core places of education in a university,is characterized by large building area and high intensity of personnel. Thus,the evacuation time from these places is of significant importance for the safety of students and teachers,and the efficiency of classroom exchange as well. Normally,the design of teaching buildings focuses on the safety of person evacuation,but does not satisfy the real condition of teaching activities,consequently,the outcome of design pose a threat to the convenience and safety of the teaching activities. In this study,the Revit software was used to establish an actual BIM model,and which was imported into the Pathfinder software,for the sake of establishing the emergency evacuation model. According to this model,five different scenarios were simulated on the person evacuation processes. The simulation results are of certain significance for the optimization in design and management of such teaching buildings.
引文
[1]朱江,俞雪永,韩志科.高校教学楼内的人员紧急疏散数学模型[J].消防科学与技术,2008(10):752-757.
[2]王锟,盛武,段若男.基于Pathfinder的高校教学楼出口人员疏散仿真研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(7):180-186.
[3]涂劲松,程瑞,李瑞霞.基于BIM信息模型的高校教学楼智能疏散系统研究[J].皖西学院学报,2017,33(2):129-132.
[4]何关培.BIM和BIM相关软件[J].土木建筑工程信息技术,2010,2(4):110-117.
[5]Togawa K.Study of fire escapes basing on the observation of multitude current.Report No.14[R].Building research Institute,Ministry of Construction,Tokyo,1995
[6]Melinek S J,Booth.5.An analysis of evacuation times and the movement of crowds in buildings.Building research establishment[M].Fire Research Station,Borehamwood,1975
[7]Paul J L.Calculating evacuation time for tall buildings[J].Fire Safety Journal,1987,(12):237.
[8]陈明仙,许贵贤.海底隧道火灾事故人群疏散优化方案研究[J].华北科技学院学报,2017,14(6):59-64.
[9]Fukamachi M,Nagatani T.Sidle effect on pedestrian counter flow[J].Phsica A,2007,377(1):269-278.
[10]Alizadeh R.A dynamic cellular automation model for evacuation process with obstacles[J].Safety Science,2011,49(2):315-323
[11]Li X M,Chen T.Lattice gas simulation and experiment study of evacuation dynamics[J].Physica A,2008,387,(22):5457-5465.
[12]杨非凡.河北科大建工楼应急疏散模拟研究[D].河北科技大学,2018.
[13]党会森,赵宇宁.基于Pathfinder的人员疏散仿真[J].中国公共安全:学术版,2011(4):46-49
[14]郭树林,孙英男.建筑消防工程设计手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012
[15]刘永杰,陈鹏,张立强,李思瑶.基于人群流动模型的拥挤踩踏事故分析[J].华北科技学院学报,2016,13(1):98-102.
[16]张云明.大型商业建筑火灾疏散性能化分析方法研究[D].西安科技大学,2006.
[17]British Standards Institution[S].Draft British standard BS-DD240 fire safety engineering in building,1997
[18]李利敏,闫金鹏.在校大学生肩宽及疏散速度的测量研究[J].工业安全与环保,2014,40(11):44-47.
[19]吴水根,游育林.基于BIM与Pathfinder的高层住宅应急疏散模拟研究[J].结构工程师,2017,33(4):83-89.
[2]王锟,盛武,段若男.基于Pathfinder的高校教学楼出口人员疏散仿真研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(7):180-186.
[3]涂劲松,程瑞,李瑞霞.基于BIM信息模型的高校教学楼智能疏散系统研究[J].皖西学院学报,2017,33(2):129-132.
[4]何关培.BIM和BIM相关软件[J].土木建筑工程信息技术,2010,2(4):110-117.
[5]Togawa K.Study of fire escapes basing on the observation of multitude current.Report No.14[R].Building research Institute,Ministry of Construction,Tokyo,1995
[6]Melinek S J,Booth.5.An analysis of evacuation times and the movement of crowds in buildings.Building research establishment[M].Fire Research Station,Borehamwood,1975
[7]Paul J L.Calculating evacuation time for tall buildings[J].Fire Safety Journal,1987,(12):237.
[8]陈明仙,许贵贤.海底隧道火灾事故人群疏散优化方案研究[J].华北科技学院学报,2017,14(6):59-64.
[9]Fukamachi M,Nagatani T.Sidle effect on pedestrian counter flow[J].Phsica A,2007,377(1):269-278.
[10]Alizadeh R.A dynamic cellular automation model for evacuation process with obstacles[J].Safety Science,2011,49(2):315-323
[11]Li X M,Chen T.Lattice gas simulation and experiment study of evacuation dynamics[J].Physica A,2008,387,(22):5457-5465.
[12]杨非凡.河北科大建工楼应急疏散模拟研究[D].河北科技大学,2018.
[13]党会森,赵宇宁.基于Pathfinder的人员疏散仿真[J].中国公共安全:学术版,2011(4):46-49
[14]郭树林,孙英男.建筑消防工程设计手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012
[15]刘永杰,陈鹏,张立强,李思瑶.基于人群流动模型的拥挤踩踏事故分析[J].华北科技学院学报,2016,13(1):98-102.
[16]张云明.大型商业建筑火灾疏散性能化分析方法研究[D].西安科技大学,2006.
[17]British Standards Institution[S].Draft British standard BS-DD240 fire safety engineering in building,1997
[18]李利敏,闫金鹏.在校大学生肩宽及疏散速度的测量研究[J].工业安全与环保,2014,40(11):44-47.
[19]吴水根,游育林.基于BIM与Pathfinder的高层住宅应急疏散模拟研究[J].结构工程师,2017,33(4):83-89.