直驱永磁风电机组的改进附加惯性控制方法
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摘要
风电并网容量的增加将导致系统惯性降低,不利于电网安全稳定运行。针对附加惯性控制与最大功率跟踪控制之间存在相互影响的问题,提出改进附加惯性控制方法。该控制方法不仅可以利用附加惯性控制的辅助功率对系统频率提供支撑,还可以根据系统频率变化调节转速,补偿最大功率跟踪控制的有功参考,从而避免了2种控制在动态调节过程中的相互影响,使得机组的输出功率更好地响应系统频率的变化。仿真分析验证了在改进的控制方法下,直驱永磁风电机组不仅减小了负荷扰动初期的频率变化率,还缩短了系统频率调节时间,调频效果得到改善。
The increase of wind power capacity causes the decrease of system inertia and therefore threatens the grid security. In view of the mutual influence between additional inertia control and maximum power point tracking(MPPT)control,an improved additional inertia control method is pro-posed in this paper. The proposed method utilizes the auxiliary power of additional inertial control to support system frequency,and can compensate the active power reference of MPPT control by adjusting the rotor speed according to the system frequency variation,so as to avoid the mutual influence of the two control methods in the dynamic regulation process, and make the output power of wind turbine better respond to the change of system frequency. The simulation results show that with the proposed control scheme, directly-driven wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator(D-PMSG)can reduce the system frequency change rate in the initial period,and shorten the system frequency regulation time,while improves the system frequency regulation results.
The increase of wind power capacity causes the decrease of system inertia and therefore threatens the grid security. In view of the mutual influence between additional inertia control and maximum power point tracking(MPPT)control,an improved additional inertia control method is pro-posed in this paper. The proposed method utilizes the auxiliary power of additional inertial control to support system frequency,and can compensate the active power reference of MPPT control by adjusting the rotor speed according to the system frequency variation,so as to avoid the mutual influence of the two control methods in the dynamic regulation process, and make the output power of wind turbine better respond to the change of system frequency. The simulation results show that with the proposed control scheme, directly-driven wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator(D-PMSG)can reduce the system frequency change rate in the initial period,and shorten the system frequency regulation time,while improves the system frequency regulation results.
引文
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[10]李立成,叶林.变风速下永磁直驱风电机组频率-转速协调控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(17):26-31.LI Licheng,YE Lin.Coordinated control of frequency and rotational speed for direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator wind speed[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(17):26-31(in Chinese).
[11]田新首,王伟胜,迟永宁,等.基于双馈风电机组有效储能的变参数虚拟惯量控制[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(5):20-26.TIAN Xinshou,WANG Weisheng,CHI Yongning,et al.Variable parameters virtual inertia control based on effective energy storage of dfig-based wind turbines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(5):20-26(in Chinese).
[12]陈宇航,王刚,侍乔明,等.一种新型风电场虚拟惯量协同控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(5):27-33.CHEN Yuhang,WANG Gang,SHI Qiaoming,et al.Anew coordinated virtual inertia control strategy for wind farms[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(5):27-33(in Chinese).
[13]付媛,王毅,张祥宇,等.变速风电机组的惯性与一次调频特性分析及综合控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(27):4706-4716.FU Yuan,WANG Yi,ZHANG Xiangyu,et al.Analysis and integrated control of inertia and primary frequency regulation for variable speed wind turbines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(27):4706-4716(in Chinese).
[14]刘其辉,韩贤岁.双馈风电机组模型简化的主要步骤和关键技术分析[J].华东电力,2014,42(5):0839-0845.LIU Qihui,HAN Xiansui.Main steps and key technology of the simplified model for doubly-fed induction generator[J].East China Electric Power,2014,42(5):0839-0845(in Chinese).
[15]尹明,李庚银,张建成,等.直驱式永磁同步风力发电机组建模及其控制策略[J].电网技术,2007,31(15):61-65.YIN Ming,LI Gengyin,ZHANG Jiancheng,et al.Modeling and control strategies of directly driven wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator[J].Power System Technology,2007,31(15):61-65(in Chinese).
[16]于永生,冯延晖,江红鑫,等.海上风电经VSC-MTDC并网研究[J].高压电器,2015,51(10):24-33.YU Yongsheng,FENG Yanhui,JIANG Hongxin,et al.Research on offshore wind farm integration via VSC-MTDC[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(10):24-33(in Chinese).
[17]秦嘉南,房岭锋,盛戈皞,等.基于风机功率和导线载流特性动态匹配的风电场出线增容[J].高压电器,2015,51(6):9-14.QIN Jianan,FANG Lingfeng,SHENG Gehao,et al.Wind farm outgoing transmission line dynamic rating based on dynamic matching of wind turbine power characteristic and conductor permissive carrying current[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(6):9-14(in Chinese).
[18]姚骏,廖勇,瞿兴鸿.直驱永磁同步风力发电机的最佳风能跟踪控制[J].电网技术,2008,32(10):11-15.YAO Jun,LIAO Yong,QU Xinghong.Optimal windenergy tracking control of direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous generators for wind turbines[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(10):11-15(in Chinese).
[19]许寅,陈颖,梅生伟.风力发电机组暂态仿真模型[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(9):100-107.XU Yin,CHEN Ying,MEI Shengwei.Review on wind turbine models for power system transient simulations[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(9):100-107(in Chinese).
[20]JUAN M,ALEJANDRO M,ANTONIO G E,et al.Frequency regulation contribution through variable-speed wind energy conversion systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2009,24(1):173-180.
[21]GENG Hua,XU Dewei.Stability analysis and improvements for variable-speed multipole permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind energy conversion system[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2011,2(4):459-467.
[22]SHI Qiaoming,WANG Gang,FU Lijun,et al.Virtual inertia control of d-pmsg based on the principle of active disturbance rejection control[J].Journal of Electrical Engineering Technology,2015,10(5):709-718.
[23]蒋佳良,晁勤,陈建伟,等.不同风电机组的频率响应特性仿真分析[J].可再生能源,2010,28(3):24-28.JIANG Jialiang,CHAO Qin,CHEN Jianwei,et al.Simulation study on frequency response characteristic of different wind turbine[J].Renewable Energy Resource,2010,28(3):24-28(in Chinese).
[24]孟昭军.风电并网研究进展[J].电网与清洁能源,2012,28(3):61-66.MENG Zhaojun.Progress of wind power integration[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2012,28(3):61-66(in Chinese).
[25]李和明,张祥宇,王毅,等.基于功率跟踪优化的双馈风力发电机组虚拟惯量控制技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(7):32-39.LI Heming,ZHANG Xiangyu,WANG Yi,et al.Virtual inertia control of dfig-based wind turbines based on the optimal power tracking[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(7):32-39(in Chinese).
[26]张志恒,王毅,李和明,等.基于虚拟惯量的双馈风电机组惯性控制方式研究[J].现代电力,2013,30(6):47-50.ZHANG Zhiheng,WANG Yi,LI Heming,et al.Study on inertia control mode of doubly fed induction generator based on virtual inertia[J].Modern Electric Power,2013,30(6):47-50(in Chinese).
[2]关宏亮,迟永宁,王伟胜,等.双馈变速风电机组频率控制的仿真研究[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(7):61-65.GUAN Hongliang,CHI Yongning,WANG Weisheng,et al.Simulation on frequency control of doubly fed induction generator based wind turbine[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2007,31(7):61-65(in Chinese).
[3]曹军,王虹富,邱家驹.变速恒频双馈风电机组频率控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(13):78-82.CAO Jun,WANG Hongfu,QIU Jiaju.Frequency control strategy of variable-speed constant-frequency doubly-fed induction generator wind turbine[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(13):78-82(in Chinese).
[4]唐西胜,苗福丰,齐智平,等.风力发电的调频技术研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(25):4304-4314.TANG Xisheng,MIAO Fufeng,QI Zhiping,et al.Survey on frequency control of wind power[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(25):4304-4314(in Chinese).
[5]刘建平,吴锡昌,王旭斌,等.考虑频率约束的孤网风电渗透率极限评估[J].电网与清洁能源,2015,31(11):93-100.LIU Jianping,WU Xichang,WANG Xubin,et al.An assessment of wind power penetrations limited with frequency constraint in an isolated system[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2015,31(11):93-100(in Chinese).
[6]于汀,王玮,蒲天骄,等.风电高渗透率下中长期时间尺度系统频率波动仿真研究[J].电网与清洁能源,2014,30(1):87-93.YU Ting,WANG Wei,PU Tianjiao,et al.Study of the medium-term and long-term time-scale system frequency fluctuations simulation under high penetration of wind power[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2014,30(1):87-93(in Chinese).
[7]唐一铭,顾文,范立新,等.风电场SVG测试方法研究与结果分析[J].高压电器,2015,51(6):15-19.TANG Yiming,GU Wen,FAN Lixin,et al.Test method study for SVG in wind farm and result analysis[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(6):15-19(in Chinese).
[8]MORREN J,DE HAAN S W H,KLING W L,et al.Wind turbines emulating inertia and supporting primary frequency control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2006,21(1):433-434.
[9]邹贤求,吴政球,陈波,等.变速恒频双馈风电机组频率控制策略的改进[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2011,23(3):63-68.ZOU Xianqiu,WU Zhengqiu,CHEN Bo,et al.Improved frequency control strategy for variable-speed constantfrequency doubly-fed induction generator wind turbines[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2011,23(3):63-68(in Chinese).
[10]李立成,叶林.变风速下永磁直驱风电机组频率-转速协调控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(17):26-31.LI Licheng,YE Lin.Coordinated control of frequency and rotational speed for direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator wind speed[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(17):26-31(in Chinese).
[11]田新首,王伟胜,迟永宁,等.基于双馈风电机组有效储能的变参数虚拟惯量控制[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(5):20-26.TIAN Xinshou,WANG Weisheng,CHI Yongning,et al.Variable parameters virtual inertia control based on effective energy storage of dfig-based wind turbines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(5):20-26(in Chinese).
[12]陈宇航,王刚,侍乔明,等.一种新型风电场虚拟惯量协同控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(5):27-33.CHEN Yuhang,WANG Gang,SHI Qiaoming,et al.Anew coordinated virtual inertia control strategy for wind farms[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(5):27-33(in Chinese).
[13]付媛,王毅,张祥宇,等.变速风电机组的惯性与一次调频特性分析及综合控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(27):4706-4716.FU Yuan,WANG Yi,ZHANG Xiangyu,et al.Analysis and integrated control of inertia and primary frequency regulation for variable speed wind turbines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(27):4706-4716(in Chinese).
[14]刘其辉,韩贤岁.双馈风电机组模型简化的主要步骤和关键技术分析[J].华东电力,2014,42(5):0839-0845.LIU Qihui,HAN Xiansui.Main steps and key technology of the simplified model for doubly-fed induction generator[J].East China Electric Power,2014,42(5):0839-0845(in Chinese).
[15]尹明,李庚银,张建成,等.直驱式永磁同步风力发电机组建模及其控制策略[J].电网技术,2007,31(15):61-65.YIN Ming,LI Gengyin,ZHANG Jiancheng,et al.Modeling and control strategies of directly driven wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator[J].Power System Technology,2007,31(15):61-65(in Chinese).
[16]于永生,冯延晖,江红鑫,等.海上风电经VSC-MTDC并网研究[J].高压电器,2015,51(10):24-33.YU Yongsheng,FENG Yanhui,JIANG Hongxin,et al.Research on offshore wind farm integration via VSC-MTDC[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(10):24-33(in Chinese).
[17]秦嘉南,房岭锋,盛戈皞,等.基于风机功率和导线载流特性动态匹配的风电场出线增容[J].高压电器,2015,51(6):9-14.QIN Jianan,FANG Lingfeng,SHENG Gehao,et al.Wind farm outgoing transmission line dynamic rating based on dynamic matching of wind turbine power characteristic and conductor permissive carrying current[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(6):9-14(in Chinese).
[18]姚骏,廖勇,瞿兴鸿.直驱永磁同步风力发电机的最佳风能跟踪控制[J].电网技术,2008,32(10):11-15.YAO Jun,LIAO Yong,QU Xinghong.Optimal windenergy tracking control of direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous generators for wind turbines[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(10):11-15(in Chinese).
[19]许寅,陈颖,梅生伟.风力发电机组暂态仿真模型[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(9):100-107.XU Yin,CHEN Ying,MEI Shengwei.Review on wind turbine models for power system transient simulations[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(9):100-107(in Chinese).
[20]JUAN M,ALEJANDRO M,ANTONIO G E,et al.Frequency regulation contribution through variable-speed wind energy conversion systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2009,24(1):173-180.
[21]GENG Hua,XU Dewei.Stability analysis and improvements for variable-speed multipole permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind energy conversion system[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2011,2(4):459-467.
[22]SHI Qiaoming,WANG Gang,FU Lijun,et al.Virtual inertia control of d-pmsg based on the principle of active disturbance rejection control[J].Journal of Electrical Engineering Technology,2015,10(5):709-718.
[23]蒋佳良,晁勤,陈建伟,等.不同风电机组的频率响应特性仿真分析[J].可再生能源,2010,28(3):24-28.JIANG Jialiang,CHAO Qin,CHEN Jianwei,et al.Simulation study on frequency response characteristic of different wind turbine[J].Renewable Energy Resource,2010,28(3):24-28(in Chinese).
[24]孟昭军.风电并网研究进展[J].电网与清洁能源,2012,28(3):61-66.MENG Zhaojun.Progress of wind power integration[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2012,28(3):61-66(in Chinese).
[25]李和明,张祥宇,王毅,等.基于功率跟踪优化的双馈风力发电机组虚拟惯量控制技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(7):32-39.LI Heming,ZHANG Xiangyu,WANG Yi,et al.Virtual inertia control of dfig-based wind turbines based on the optimal power tracking[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(7):32-39(in Chinese).
[26]张志恒,王毅,李和明,等.基于虚拟惯量的双馈风电机组惯性控制方式研究[J].现代电力,2013,30(6):47-50.ZHANG Zhiheng,WANG Yi,LI Heming,et al.Study on inertia control mode of doubly fed induction generator based on virtual inertia[J].Modern Electric Power,2013,30(6):47-50(in Chinese).