一种直驱永磁风电机组的减载调频控制策略
|
摘要
文章针对风电并网容量增加导致系统调频能力不足的问题,提出了一种超速和变桨距协调的减载调频控制策略。首先给出了低、中、高3种风速模式的判定方法,然后通过设置初始功率跟踪曲线系数和调节桨距角实现直驱永磁风电机组的减载运行。在频率控制中,优先采用超速控制,当转速达到额定转速时,再启用变桨距控制,并且变桨距控制可分为低、中、高3种风速控制模式。仿真分析表明,基于所提减载调频控制策略,直驱永磁风电机组能在全风速范围预留一定比例的备用容量,实现双向频率控制,并能改善系统频率的暂态和稳态响应。
In view of the problem that the increase of wind power capacity will cause the system frequency modulation capability to be insufficient, a deloading and frequency control strategy to coordinate overspeed and pitch controls is proposed.Firstly, the judgment method of the low,medium and high wind speed modes is presented, then the deloading operation of directly-driven wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator(D-PMSG) can be realized by setting the initial power tracking curve coefficient and adjusting the pitch angle.In the frequency control,overspeed control is used first, and the pitch control is put into service when the speed reaches the rated speed, and the pitch control can be divided into three control modes, which are low, middle and high wind speed.The simulation results show that based on the proposed control strategy, DPMSG can reserve a certain proportion of reserve capacity in the full range of wind speed, realize bilateral frequency control, and can improve the transient and steady-state response of the system frequency.
In view of the problem that the increase of wind power capacity will cause the system frequency modulation capability to be insufficient, a deloading and frequency control strategy to coordinate overspeed and pitch controls is proposed.Firstly, the judgment method of the low,medium and high wind speed modes is presented, then the deloading operation of directly-driven wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator(D-PMSG) can be realized by setting the initial power tracking curve coefficient and adjusting the pitch angle.In the frequency control,overspeed control is used first, and the pitch control is put into service when the speed reaches the rated speed, and the pitch control can be divided into three control modes, which are low, middle and high wind speed.The simulation results show that based on the proposed control strategy, DPMSG can reserve a certain proportion of reserve capacity in the full range of wind speed, realize bilateral frequency control, and can improve the transient and steady-state response of the system frequency.
引文
[1]De Almeida R G,Castronuovo E D,Peas Lopes J A.Optimum generation control in wind parks when carrying out system operator requests[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2006,21(2):718-725.
[2]刘巨,姚伟,文劲宇,等.大规模风电参与系统频率调整的技术展望[J].电网技术,2014,38(3):638-646.Liu Ju,Yao Wei,Wen Jinyu,et al.Prospect of technology for large-scale wind farm participating into power grid frequency regulation[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(3):638-646.
[3]唐西胜,苗福丰,齐智平,等.风力发电的调频技术研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(25):4304-4314.Tang Xisheng,Miao Fufeng,Qi Zhiping,et al.Survey on frequency control of wind power[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(25):4304-4314.
[4]薛迎成,邰能灵,宋凯,等.变速风力发电机提供调频备用容量研究[J].电力自动化设备,2010,30(8):75-80.Xue Yingcheng,Tai Nengling,Song Kai,et al.Variablespeed wind turbines provide primary reserve for frequency control[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2010,30(8):75-80.
[5]张昭遂,孙元章,李国杰,等.超速与变桨协调的双馈风电机组频率控制[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(17):20-25.Zhang Zhaosui,Sun Yuanzhang,Li Guojie,et al.Frequency regulation by doubly fed induction generator wind turbines based on coordinated overspeed control and pitch control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(17):20-25.
[6]吴子双,于继来,彭喜云.高风速段次优功率追踪方式的风电调频方法[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(5):112-119.Wu Zishuang,Yu Jilai,Peng Xiyun.DFIG’s frequency regulation method only for high wind speed with suboptimal power tracking[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(5):112-119.
[7]蒋佳良,晁勤,陈建伟,等.不同风电机组的频率响应特性仿真分析[J].可再生能源,2010,28(3):24-28.Jiang Jialiang,Chao Qin,Chen Jianwei,et al.Simulation study on frequency response characteristic of different wind turbine[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2010,28(3):24-28.
[8]付媛,王毅,张祥宇,等.变速风电机组的惯性与一次调频特性分析及综合控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(27):4706-4716.Fu Yuan,Wang Yi,Zhang Xiangyu,et al.Analysis and integrated control of inertia and primary frequency regulation for variable speed wind turbines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(27):4706-4716.
[9]李大中,常城,徐炳坤.基于现场数据的风电机组功率特性分析与建模[J].可再生能源,2015,33(6):865-870.Li Dazhong,Chang Cheng,Xu Bingkun.Power characteristics analysis and modeling of wind power generator unit based on operating data[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2015,33(6):865-870.
[10]田新首,王伟胜,迟永宁,等.基于双馈风电机组有效储能的变参数虚拟惯量控制[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(5):20-26.Tian Xinshou,Wang Weisheng,Chi Yongning,et al.Variable parameters virtual inertia control based on effective energy storage of DFIG-based wind turbines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(5):20-26.
[11]丁磊,尹善耀,王同晓,等.考虑惯性调频的双馈风电机组主动转速保护控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(24):29-34.Ding Lei,Yin Shanyao,Wang Tongxiao,et al.Active rotor speed protection strategy for DFIG-based wind turbines with inertia control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(24):29-34.
[12]李立成,叶林.变风速下永磁直驱风电机组频率-转速协调控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(17):26-31.Li Licheng,Ye Lin.Coordinated control of frequency and rotational speed for direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator wind speed[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(17):26-31.
[13]刘其辉,韩贤岁.双馈风电机组模型简化的主要步骤和关键技术分析[J].华东电力,2014,42(5):0840-0845.Liu Qihui,Han Xiansui.Main steps and key technology of the simplified model for doubly-fed induction generator[J].East China Electric Power,2014,42(5):0840-0845.
[14]Mauricio J M,Marano A,Gomez-Exposito A,et al.Frequency regulation contribution through variablespeed wind energy conversion systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2009,24(1):173-180.
[15]Geng Hua,Xu Dewei.Stability analysis and improvements for variable-speed multi pole permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind energy conversion system[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2011,2(4):459-467.
[16]张同军.高渗透风机并网对电力系统暂态频率响应影响研究[D].济南:山东大学,2015.Zhang Tongjun.Research on transient frequency response of power system containing high penetration of wind power[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2015.
[17]姚骏,廖勇,瞿兴鸿.直驱永磁同步风力发电机的最佳风能跟踪控制[J].电网技术,2008,32(10):11-15.Yao Jun,Liao Yong,Qu Xinghong.Optimal wind-energy tracking control of direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous generators for wind turbines[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(10):11-15.
[18]王刚,侍乔明,崔志勇,等.一种风力机虚拟惯量控制与传统发电机调速控制的协调方法[J].电网技术,2015,39(10):2794-2801.Wang Gang,Shi Qiaoming,Cui Zhiyong,et al.A coordinated strategy of virtual inertia control of wind turbine and governor control of conventional generator[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(10):2794-2801.
[19]Zhang Zhaosui,Sun Yuanzhang,Lin Jin,et al.Coordinated frequency regulation by doubly fed induction generatorbased wind power plants[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2012,6(1):38-47.
[20]郭鹏.风电机组非线性前馈与模糊PID结合变桨距控制研究[J].动力工程学报,2010,30(11):838-843.Guo Peng.New variable pitch control strategy combining nonlinear feed forward and fuzzy PID control for wind turbine-generator sets[J].Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering,2010,30(11):838-843.
[2]刘巨,姚伟,文劲宇,等.大规模风电参与系统频率调整的技术展望[J].电网技术,2014,38(3):638-646.Liu Ju,Yao Wei,Wen Jinyu,et al.Prospect of technology for large-scale wind farm participating into power grid frequency regulation[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(3):638-646.
[3]唐西胜,苗福丰,齐智平,等.风力发电的调频技术研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(25):4304-4314.Tang Xisheng,Miao Fufeng,Qi Zhiping,et al.Survey on frequency control of wind power[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(25):4304-4314.
[4]薛迎成,邰能灵,宋凯,等.变速风力发电机提供调频备用容量研究[J].电力自动化设备,2010,30(8):75-80.Xue Yingcheng,Tai Nengling,Song Kai,et al.Variablespeed wind turbines provide primary reserve for frequency control[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2010,30(8):75-80.
[5]张昭遂,孙元章,李国杰,等.超速与变桨协调的双馈风电机组频率控制[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(17):20-25.Zhang Zhaosui,Sun Yuanzhang,Li Guojie,et al.Frequency regulation by doubly fed induction generator wind turbines based on coordinated overspeed control and pitch control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(17):20-25.
[6]吴子双,于继来,彭喜云.高风速段次优功率追踪方式的风电调频方法[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(5):112-119.Wu Zishuang,Yu Jilai,Peng Xiyun.DFIG’s frequency regulation method only for high wind speed with suboptimal power tracking[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(5):112-119.
[7]蒋佳良,晁勤,陈建伟,等.不同风电机组的频率响应特性仿真分析[J].可再生能源,2010,28(3):24-28.Jiang Jialiang,Chao Qin,Chen Jianwei,et al.Simulation study on frequency response characteristic of different wind turbine[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2010,28(3):24-28.
[8]付媛,王毅,张祥宇,等.变速风电机组的惯性与一次调频特性分析及综合控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(27):4706-4716.Fu Yuan,Wang Yi,Zhang Xiangyu,et al.Analysis and integrated control of inertia and primary frequency regulation for variable speed wind turbines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(27):4706-4716.
[9]李大中,常城,徐炳坤.基于现场数据的风电机组功率特性分析与建模[J].可再生能源,2015,33(6):865-870.Li Dazhong,Chang Cheng,Xu Bingkun.Power characteristics analysis and modeling of wind power generator unit based on operating data[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2015,33(6):865-870.
[10]田新首,王伟胜,迟永宁,等.基于双馈风电机组有效储能的变参数虚拟惯量控制[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(5):20-26.Tian Xinshou,Wang Weisheng,Chi Yongning,et al.Variable parameters virtual inertia control based on effective energy storage of DFIG-based wind turbines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(5):20-26.
[11]丁磊,尹善耀,王同晓,等.考虑惯性调频的双馈风电机组主动转速保护控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(24):29-34.Ding Lei,Yin Shanyao,Wang Tongxiao,et al.Active rotor speed protection strategy for DFIG-based wind turbines with inertia control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(24):29-34.
[12]李立成,叶林.变风速下永磁直驱风电机组频率-转速协调控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(17):26-31.Li Licheng,Ye Lin.Coordinated control of frequency and rotational speed for direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator wind speed[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(17):26-31.
[13]刘其辉,韩贤岁.双馈风电机组模型简化的主要步骤和关键技术分析[J].华东电力,2014,42(5):0840-0845.Liu Qihui,Han Xiansui.Main steps and key technology of the simplified model for doubly-fed induction generator[J].East China Electric Power,2014,42(5):0840-0845.
[14]Mauricio J M,Marano A,Gomez-Exposito A,et al.Frequency regulation contribution through variablespeed wind energy conversion systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2009,24(1):173-180.
[15]Geng Hua,Xu Dewei.Stability analysis and improvements for variable-speed multi pole permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind energy conversion system[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2011,2(4):459-467.
[16]张同军.高渗透风机并网对电力系统暂态频率响应影响研究[D].济南:山东大学,2015.Zhang Tongjun.Research on transient frequency response of power system containing high penetration of wind power[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2015.
[17]姚骏,廖勇,瞿兴鸿.直驱永磁同步风力发电机的最佳风能跟踪控制[J].电网技术,2008,32(10):11-15.Yao Jun,Liao Yong,Qu Xinghong.Optimal wind-energy tracking control of direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous generators for wind turbines[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(10):11-15.
[18]王刚,侍乔明,崔志勇,等.一种风力机虚拟惯量控制与传统发电机调速控制的协调方法[J].电网技术,2015,39(10):2794-2801.Wang Gang,Shi Qiaoming,Cui Zhiyong,et al.A coordinated strategy of virtual inertia control of wind turbine and governor control of conventional generator[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(10):2794-2801.
[19]Zhang Zhaosui,Sun Yuanzhang,Lin Jin,et al.Coordinated frequency regulation by doubly fed induction generatorbased wind power plants[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2012,6(1):38-47.
[20]郭鹏.风电机组非线性前馈与模糊PID结合变桨距控制研究[J].动力工程学报,2010,30(11):838-843.Guo Peng.New variable pitch control strategy combining nonlinear feed forward and fuzzy PID control for wind turbine-generator sets[J].Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering,2010,30(11):838-843.