隧道衬砌开裂机理及加固措施研究
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摘要
黏性土具有可塑、膨胀和收缩等显著特点,易诱发衬砌开裂破坏。结合具体工程案例,对隧道仰拱破检段进行含水率试验和钎探试验以及钻探验证,得到了黏性土层承载力强度、含水率大小及分布情况,初步总结了衬砌裂缝特征规律。根据监测数据和数值模拟综合分析结果,分析了裂缝的形成机理并验证了裂缝特征规律。结果表明:仰拱底部软弱层与隧道沉降和仰拱开裂的相关性非常显著;仰拱底部软弱层易导致隧道发生不均匀沉降;横向的不均匀沉降易导致仰拱填充层出现斜向、纵向裂缝;纵向的不均匀沉降易导致二衬出现环向裂缝。根据研究结果针对性地提出了加固方案,并设计了注浆孔注浆类型、方式和钢化管的尺寸、间距和排列方式。现场结果反馈表明,加固措施具有良好的加固效果。
Viscous soil has obvious characteristics such as plasticity, expansion and shrinkage, and it is easy to induce cracking damage of lining. Combined with the specific engineering case, the water content test, brazing test and drilling verification of the tunnel inverted arch inspection section were carried out, and the bearing strength, water content and distribution of the clay soil layer were obtained, and the characteristics of the lining crack characteristics were preliminarily summarized. According to the comprehensive analysis results of monitoring data and numerical simulation, the formation mechanism of cracks was analyzed and the characteristics of cracks were verified. The results show that the correlation between the weak layer at the bottom of the invert arch and the tunnel settlement and the inverted arch crack is very significant; the weak layer at the bottom of the invert is easy to cause uneven settlement of the tunnel; the lateral uneven settlement tends to cause the inverted layer to appear oblique and longitudinal cracks; longitudinal uneven settlement is likely to cause circumferential cracks in the second lining. According to the research results, the reinforcement scheme is proposed in detail, and the grouting type, mode and size, spacing and arrangement of the tempering tube are designed. Field results feedback shows that the reinforcement measures have a good reinforcement effect.
Viscous soil has obvious characteristics such as plasticity, expansion and shrinkage, and it is easy to induce cracking damage of lining. Combined with the specific engineering case, the water content test, brazing test and drilling verification of the tunnel inverted arch inspection section were carried out, and the bearing strength, water content and distribution of the clay soil layer were obtained, and the characteristics of the lining crack characteristics were preliminarily summarized. According to the comprehensive analysis results of monitoring data and numerical simulation, the formation mechanism of cracks was analyzed and the characteristics of cracks were verified. The results show that the correlation between the weak layer at the bottom of the invert arch and the tunnel settlement and the inverted arch crack is very significant; the weak layer at the bottom of the invert is easy to cause uneven settlement of the tunnel; the lateral uneven settlement tends to cause the inverted layer to appear oblique and longitudinal cracks; longitudinal uneven settlement is likely to cause circumferential cracks in the second lining. According to the research results, the reinforcement scheme is proposed in detail, and the grouting type, mode and size, spacing and arrangement of the tempering tube are designed. Field results feedback shows that the reinforcement measures have a good reinforcement effect.
引文
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[3]易金舫,卢松柏,饶军应,等.贵阳地铁多溶腔隧道安全施工技术[J].施工技术,2016,45(13):101-104.
[4]汪心渊,郑奇,吴晨.隧道防二次事故综合安全预警系统研究[J].浙江交通职业技术学院学报,2016,17(3):20-24.
[5]赵勇,田四明,孙毅.中国高速铁路隧道的发展及规划[J].隧道建设,2017,37(1):11-17.
[6]夏永旭.现代公路隧道发展概述[J].交通建设与管理,2006(12):66-68.
[7]王华牢,刘学增,李宁,等.纵向裂缝隧道衬砌结构的安全评价与加固研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(S1):2651-2656.
[8]黄宏伟,刘德军,薛亚东,等.基于扩展有限元的隧道衬砌裂缝开裂数值分析[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(2):266-275.
[9]刘学增,张鹏,周敏.纵向裂缝对隧道衬砌承载力的影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(10):2096-2102.
[10]姚杨.基于现场控量测的隧道围岩稳定性分析[J].公路与汽运,2017(1):191-193.
[11]张明太.监控量测在隧道施工中的应用效果[J].工程建设,2017,49(11):65-68.
[12]陈江,阳军生,曹能学,等.铁路隧道衬砌裂缝整治及衬砌补强加固设计研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,10(9):134-139.
[13]李敏.小曼萨河公路隧道衬砌裂损机制与加固措施研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2005.
[14]孙闯,张建俊,刘家顺,等.盾构隧道壁后注浆压力对地表沉降的影响分析[J].长江科学院院报,2012,29(11):68-72.
[15]何荣,张克培,汤朝均,等.近距离跨上山开采巷道加固支护技术[J].煤矿安全,2012,43(7):79-81.
[16]王秀丽.粘钢加固法在隧道衬砌裂损快速修补中的应用研究[J].施工技术,2018,47(10):61-65.