我国乡村振兴面临的农村劳动力断代危机与解决的出路
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摘要
充足数量和较高素质的农村劳动力是乡村振兴的根本保障。我国当前正面临着三个"断代"问题:生产领域一线劳动力、基层农技人员和经济管理人员严重短缺。三个"断代"形成的原因有农业比较效益低、农田劳动强度大、农业风险大、农民社会地位低、农民精神文化生活相对贫乏等。破解三个"断代"的难题,应加快培养新型职业农民;改革完善农技推广体制;加速土地流转,转变农业发展模式;大力促进农民收入持续增加;创新农业保险机制,增加农业保险品种。
Enough high-quality labor is the guarantee for rural revival,but we are facing a severe shortage of rural labor,agricultural technicians and managers-the three"generational losses",which resulted from the relatively low benefit from agriculture,the intensity of farm work,the high risk of farming,the farmers' low status and the want of farmers' cultural and spiritual life.To solve the problems,we need to quicken the training of new professional farmers,reform and improve the dissemination system of agricultural technology,accelerate land transfer to change to mode of agricultural development,help farmers increase their income,and increase the number of agricultural insurances to renovate the agricultural insurance system.
Enough high-quality labor is the guarantee for rural revival,but we are facing a severe shortage of rural labor,agricultural technicians and managers-the three"generational losses",which resulted from the relatively low benefit from agriculture,the intensity of farm work,the high risk of farming,the farmers' low status and the want of farmers' cultural and spiritual life.To solve the problems,we need to quicken the training of new professional farmers,reform and improve the dissemination system of agricultural technology,accelerate land transfer to change to mode of agricultural development,help farmers increase their income,and increase the number of agricultural insurances to renovate the agricultural insurance system.
引文
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[2]张丽娟,向志虹.乡村振兴战略背景下的农村空心化治理路径探析——以大巴山区为例[J].中共四川省委党校学报,2018(2):93-98.
[3]朱新芳,李红,杨红,等.创造性地设计湖北省“谁来种田、如何种田”的政策与措施研究[J].农村经济与科技,2013,24(9):101-102.
[4]杨竞业.当前中国农村建设和治理的深层问题[J].理论与改革,2018(2):162-169.
[5]戴新黔.博州地区农业科技教育服务体系实施策略研究[D].石河子大学经济与管理学院,2015.
[6]刘鸿彬,敖雪.农林院校毕业生就业现状及实践思考[J].知识经济,2018(12):161-162.
[7]吴秋红.建设问题与培养途径[J].中国乡镇企业会计,2017(1):181-182.
[8]邓丽慧.乡村振兴背景下宜州区刘三姐镇乡村治理精英流失困境及对策研究[J].农家科技:中旬刊,2018(6):4-5.
[9]滕国宁.柳州市农村居民精神文化状况调查与研究——以平地村、大滩村车田屯为例[J].四川职业技术学院学报,2013(3):36-38.
[10]五竹镇“归雁工程”引“候鸟”回归助力脱贫攻坚[DB/OL].[2018-09-20].http:∥www.cnwy.gov.cn.
[11]刘辉.科特派乡村振兴建新功:让更多科技特派员建功乡村振兴[J].海峡通讯,2018(5):20-21.
[12]秦永清,金胜先.完善县级农业保险政策机制的思考[J].审计月刊,2013,301(5):60-61.
[13]余美媛.君堂镇推进政策性水稻种植保险工作现状与对策[J].基层农技推广,2016(1):94-96.
[14]白丽君.探索建立农业巨灾保险机制[J].中国金融,2012(10):49-50.