农业生产性服务的农户增收效应研究——基于内生转换模型的实证
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摘要
我国农业经营的基本格局是一家一户分散经营,近年来在地域生产集中度高的地区,农业专业化服务组织不断发展。基于专业化分工理论,利用环渤海设施蔬菜主产区的调研数据,运用内生转换模型,分析农业生产性服务对设施蔬菜种植户收入的影响,探讨其增收效应。结果表明,农业生产性服务的总体使用比例不高,其中农户使用劳务服务、农机服务和技术服务分别仅有53.79%、39.90%和37.12%。受教育程度越高、种植规模越大、服务信息渠道数量越多将会提升农户使用生产性服务的概率,年龄越大、风险厌恶、家庭劳动力数量越多则有抑制作用;种植规模越大、有本地蔬菜品牌的农户,使用劳务、农机或技术服务的增收效果越好,受教育程度越高对使用技术服务农户增收效应越明显,年龄越大不利于劳务服务使用农户的收入提高。研究表明,农户使用农机服务带来的收入提升效果最好,其次是技术服务和劳务服务。因此,提出完善农业生产性服务供给体系、拓展农户生产性服务信息获取渠道和做大做强本地农产品品牌等政策建议。
The main agricultural production pattern in China is a decentralized household-based production system.In recent years, specialized production service organizations have developed continuously in some main agricultural production regions. Based on the theory of specialized division and a survey data of main vegetable production areas of Bohai rim, and applying the endogenous switching model, this paper analyzed the impacts of agricultural production services on vegetable farmers' income growth. Results indicate that the overall utilization levels of agricultural production services are not high, only 53.79%, 39.90% and 37.12% of labor service, machinery service and technical service, respectively. Higher education level, larger planting scale, and more service information channels will increase the probability of farmers' adoption of these production services. Older age, risk aversion attitude, and more labors in the household will reduce the propensity of adoption of these agricultural production services. Farmers with larger planting area and branded products tend to have higher returns from these production services. Higher education level has obvious effects of increasing farmers' income by using technical services; while older age is not helping to increase farmers' income through using labor services. In addition, this research also finds that machinery service is the best choice for farmers to increase their income, followed by technical and labor services. In summary, this paper suggests to actively improve the supply system agricultural production services, to expand channels for farmers to obtain information on production services, and to strengthen brand management for local agricultural products.
The main agricultural production pattern in China is a decentralized household-based production system.In recent years, specialized production service organizations have developed continuously in some main agricultural production regions. Based on the theory of specialized division and a survey data of main vegetable production areas of Bohai rim, and applying the endogenous switching model, this paper analyzed the impacts of agricultural production services on vegetable farmers' income growth. Results indicate that the overall utilization levels of agricultural production services are not high, only 53.79%, 39.90% and 37.12% of labor service, machinery service and technical service, respectively. Higher education level, larger planting scale, and more service information channels will increase the probability of farmers' adoption of these production services. Older age, risk aversion attitude, and more labors in the household will reduce the propensity of adoption of these agricultural production services. Farmers with larger planting area and branded products tend to have higher returns from these production services. Higher education level has obvious effects of increasing farmers' income by using technical services; while older age is not helping to increase farmers' income through using labor services. In addition, this research also finds that machinery service is the best choice for farmers to increase their income, followed by technical and labor services. In summary, this paper suggests to actively improve the supply system agricultural production services, to expand channels for farmers to obtain information on production services, and to strengthen brand management for local agricultural products.
引文
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[5]兰晓红.农业生产性服务业与农业、农民收入的互动关系研究[J].农业经济,2015(4):41-43.Lan X H.Interaction among agricultural productive services,agriculture and farmers’income[J].Agricultural Economy,2015(4):41-43.
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[7]张晓敏,姜长云.不同类型农户对农业生产性服务的供给评价和需求意愿[J].经济与管理研究,2015,36(8):70-76.Zhang X M,Jiang C Y.Evaluation and demand will on agricultural producer services of varied types of farmers[J].Research on Economics and Management,2015,36(8):70-76.
[8]纪月清,钟甫宁.非农就业与农户农机服务利用[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013,13(5):47-52.Ji Y Q,Zhong F N.Non-farm employment and the input of machinery service[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition),2013,13(5):47-52.
[9]司瑞石,陆迁,张强强,等.土地流转对农户生产社会化服务需求的影响--基于PSM模型的实证分析[J].资源科学,2018,40(9):1762-1772.Si R S,Lu Q,Zhang Q Q,et al.Influence of land circulation on socialized service needs for farmers’production based on the empirical analysis of PSM model[J].Resources Science,2018,40(9):1762-1772.
[10]夏蓓,蒋乃华.种粮大户需要农业社会化服务吗--基于江苏省扬州地区264个样本农户的调查[J].农业技术经济,2016(8):15-24.Xia B,Jiang N H.Study on large grain farmer’s demand for agricultural social service-Based on the survey of 264 sample households in Yangzhou[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2016(8):15-24.
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[13]展进涛,张燕媛,张忠军.土地细碎化是否阻碍了水稻生产性环节外包服务的发展?[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2016,16(2):117-124,155-156.Zhan J T,Zhang Y Y,Zhang Z J.Does land fragmentation hinder the implementation of agricultural production links outsourcing?[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition),2016,16(2):117-124,155-156.
[14]钱静斐,陈志钢,Filipski Mateusz,等.耕地经营规模及其质量禀赋对农户生产环节外包行为的影响--基于中国广西水稻种植农户的调研数据[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(9):164-173.Qian J F,Chen Z G,Filipski M,et al.Impact of land resources and quality on farmers’outsourcing decisions:Evidence from rice farmers in Guangxi,China[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2017,22(9):164-173.
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[18]刘强,杨万江,孟华兵.农业生产性服务对我国粮食生产成本效率的影响分析--以水稻产业为例[J].农业现代化研究,2017,38(1):8-14.Liu Q,Yang W J,Meng H B.Impact of agricultural production services on grain cost efficiency in China:A case study of rice industry[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2017,38(1):8-14.
[19]孙顶强,卢宇桐,田旭.生产性服务对中国水稻生产技术效率的影响--基于吉、浙、湘、川4省微观调查数据的实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2016(8):70-81.Sun D Q,Lu Y T,Tian X.The impact of agricultural production services on the technical efficiency of China’s rice productionAn empirical assessment with micro data from Jilin,Zhejiang,Hunan and Sichuan provinces[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2016(8):70-81.
[20]杨万江,李琪.农户兼业、生产性服务与水稻种植面积决策--基于11省1646户农户的实证研究[J].中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018,35(1):100-109.Yang W J,Li Q.Farmers’concurrent business,productive service and rice production decision:A study using household survey data of 1646 farmers’in 11 provinces[J].China Agricultural University Journal of Social Sciences Edition,2018,35(1):100-109.
[21]刘强,杨万江.农户行为视角下农业生产性服务对土地规模经营的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2016,21(9):188-197.Liu Q,Yang W J.Impacts of agricultural production services on land scale management:From the perspective of farmer’s behavior[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2016,21(9):188-197.
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