垂直腔面发射激光器的内调制特性
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摘要
面向芯片原子钟(Chip Scale Atomic Clock,CSAC)的垂直腔面发射激光器(Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser,VCSEL)通过微波调制产生具有特定光频差的相干激光,与原子作用后的跃迁谱线频率作为参考标准,最终可获取高精度的频率信号。因此,垂直腔面发射激光器在芯片原子钟系统中至关重要。介绍了VCSEL激光器的内调制原理,搭建了其内调制特性实验测试平台,开展了激光器对射频调制响应特性研究,记录了激光器边带信号随着注入电流和射频输出功率的变化情况,并分析了射频调制对激光器边带信号的影响特性以及Bogatov现象引起的边带不对称现象。实验结果显示:当射频信号频率为3.41734 GHz,注入电流为1.2 mA,射频输出功率为3.5 dBm时,可获得优化的高频调制光谱,为芯片原子钟提供优质的光源。
The vertical cavity surface-emitting laser(VCSEL) of the chip scale atomic clock(CSAC) generates a coherent laser with a specific optical frequency difference through the microwave modulation.After the atoms reacting with light beam,the frequency of the transition spectrum line can be used as the reference frequency standard,and the output of high precision frequency signal can be obtained.Therefore,vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers are very important in the CPT atomic clock system.The internal modulation principle of VCSEL laser is introduced.The experimental test platform for its internal modulation characteristics is built.The response characteristic of the laser to the radio-frequency modulation is studied.The change of the laser sideband signal with the injection current and the radio-frequency output power is recorded.The influence of the radio-frequency modulation on the laser sideband signal is analyzed and the sideband asymmetry caused by the Bogatov phenomenon is present.The experimental results show that the optimized high frequency modulation spectrum can be obtained when the frequency of the radio-frequency signal is 3.41734 GHz,the injection current is 1.2 mA and the RF power is 3.5 dBm,which provides the high quality light source for the chip scale atomic clock.
The vertical cavity surface-emitting laser(VCSEL) of the chip scale atomic clock(CSAC) generates a coherent laser with a specific optical frequency difference through the microwave modulation.After the atoms reacting with light beam,the frequency of the transition spectrum line can be used as the reference frequency standard,and the output of high precision frequency signal can be obtained.Therefore,vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers are very important in the CPT atomic clock system.The internal modulation principle of VCSEL laser is introduced.The experimental test platform for its internal modulation characteristics is built.The response characteristic of the laser to the radio-frequency modulation is studied.The change of the laser sideband signal with the injection current and the radio-frequency output power is recorded.The influence of the radio-frequency modulation on the laser sideband signal is analyzed and the sideband asymmetry caused by the Bogatov phenomenon is present.The experimental results show that the optimized high frequency modulation spectrum can be obtained when the frequency of the radio-frequency signal is 3.41734 GHz,the injection current is 1.2 mA and the RF power is 3.5 dBm,which provides the high quality light source for the chip scale atomic clock.
引文
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[16] YU Yongjiang,CHEN Jiannong,HAO Jinguang,et al.Propagation and self imaging effect of deformed high order Bessel beam[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2007,15(6):835-840.(in Chinese)于永江,陈建农,郝金光,等.变形高阶贝塞尔光束的传播和自成像效应[J].光学精密工程,2007,15(6):835-840.
[2] YUAN Jun,ZHANG Zhengping,XIE Yiyang.Study of single-fundamental-mode square-lattice photonic crystal vertical cavity surface emitting laser[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2018,47(6):72-77.(in Chinese)袁浚,张正平,解意洋.新型正方晶格基横模光子晶体面发射激光器[J].红外与激光工程,2018,47(6):72-77.
[3] Zhan Lingwei,Liu Yong,Yao Wenxuan,et al.Utilization of chip-scale atomic clock for synchrophasor measurements[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(5):2299-2300.
[4] Ermak S V,Semenov V V,Piatyshev E N,et al.Microfabricated cells for chip-scale atomic clock based on coherent population trapping:fabrication and investigation[J].St Petersburg Polytechnical University Journal Physics & Mathematics,2015,1(1):37-41.
[5] ZHANG Jian,NING Yongqiang,ZHANG Jianwei,et al,795nm VCSELs for 87Rb based miniaturized atomic clock[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2014,22(1):50-57.(in Chinese)张建,宁永强,张建伟,等.微型铷原子钟专用795nm垂直腔表面发射激光器[J].光学精密工程,2014,22(1):50-57.
[6] Cassidy Daniel T,Zhu Xiang.Modulation spectroscopy with a semiconductor diode laser by injection-current modulation[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,1997,14(8):1945-1950.
[7] Liu Zilong,Zhu Daqing.The effect of conductor loss on half-wave voltage and modulation bandwidth of electro-optic modulators[J].Chinese Optics Letters,2004,2(10):586-589.
[8] Luo Yukun,Yan Shuhua,Jia Aiai,et al.Revisiting the laser frequency locking method using acousto-optic frequency modulation transfer spectroscopy[J].Chinese Optics Letters,2016,14(12):80-84.
[9] Ido B A,Eisenstein G.Characterizing absorption spectrum of natural rubidium by using a directly modulatedVCSEL[C]// IEEE Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition.Vancouver,Canada,2005:602-607.
[10] HUANG Xueren.Optimization of high stable rubidium atomic frequency standard and study of laser pumped rubidium atomic frequency standard[D].Wuhan:Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Institute of physics and mathematics of Wuhan),2001:17-21.(in Chinese)黄学人.高稳铷原子频标的参数优化及激光抽运铷原子频标研究[D].武汉:中国科学院研究生院(武汉物理与数学研究所),2001:17-21.
[11] Zhao Jianye,Zhang Yaolin,Lu Haoyuan,et al.Advances of chip-scale atomic clock in Peking University[C]// Frequency Control Symposium & the European Frequency and Time Forum.IEEE,2015:462-464.
[12] Wang Zhong.Review of chip-scale atomic clocks based on coherent population trapping[J].Chinese Physics B,2014,23(3):030601.
[13] LI Yunchao,HU Xuwen,LIU Zhaojun,et al.Research progress of atom vapor cell for chip-scale atomic clock[J].Laser & Optoelectronics Progress,2018,55(6):29-40.(in Chinese)李云超,胡旭文,刘召军,等.芯片原子钟原子气室的研究进展[J].激光与光电子学进展,2018,55(6):29-40.
[14] Melentiev P N,Subbotin M V,Balykin V I.Simple and effective modulation of diode lasers[J].Laser Physics,2001,11(8):891-896.
[15] ZHAO Jiangyan,YANG Baodong,HE Jun,et al.Study on GHz RF modulation characteristics of grating external cavity semiconductor lasers [J].Quantum Optics Journal,2009,15(1):84-90.(in Chinese)赵江艳,杨保东,何军,等.光栅外腔半导体激光器GHz射频调制特性研究[J].量子光学学报,2009,15(1):84-90.
[16] YU Yongjiang,CHEN Jiannong,HAO Jinguang,et al.Propagation and self imaging effect of deformed high order Bessel beam[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2007,15(6):835-840.(in Chinese)于永江,陈建农,郝金光,等.变形高阶贝塞尔光束的传播和自成像效应[J].光学精密工程,2007,15(6):835-840.