双交联型泡沫凝胶的制备及其暂堵压井防漏机理
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摘要
针对低压储层修井防漏技术难题,研发了一种双交联型泡沫凝胶压井液,基本配方为:3%聚丙烯酰胺+2%起泡剂+1.5%交联剂A+0.1%交联剂B。显微镜观察表明,单一交联型及双交联型泡沫凝胶均具有明显双膜结构,但双交联型泡沫凝胶膜更厚实,气核最外层凝胶膜厚度最大为77.35μm,气核外层液膜总厚度最大为188.48μm,表现为较好抗压强度和稳定性,其稳定时间大于10 d,远高于单一交联型体系。流变性与黏弹性测试表明,双交联型泡沫凝胶具有高弹低黏特征,利于泵送和后期返排解堵。暂堵压井模拟实验表明,对于渗透率在90～208 mD的中高渗岩心,在2 MPa正压差下60 min内作用于岩心的压降值≤0.05 MPa,滤失量几乎为零,该双交联型泡沫凝胶压井液具有一定抗压能力与低滤失特性,能有效暂堵储层,在低压油气井修井防漏领域具有较好应用前景。
When working over wells with low pressure reservoirs, loss of workover fluids into the reservoirs has long been a problem that needs to be resolved. A double crosslinked foam gel well killing fluid has been developed for the resolution of this problem. The basic composition of the killing fluid is: 3% polyacrylamide + 2% foaming agent + 1.5% crosslinking agent A + 0.1% crosslinking agent B. It was found under microscope that single crosslinked foam gel and double crosslinked foam gel all had obvious dualmembrane structure, the double crosslinked foam gel had thick and tough membrane. The thickness of the membrane surrounding the gas core of the foam was 77.35 μm(max.) and the total thickness of the membranes surrounding the gas core was 188.48 μm(max.). The thick membranes render the foam gel high compressive strength and good stability. The foam gel can stay stable for at least 10 d, far longer than single crosslinked foam gel. Rheology and viscoelasticity test of the foam gel showed that the double crosslinked foam gel had high elasticity and low viscosity, making it easy to be pumped and flowed back. Simulated temporary plugging well killing experiments showed that for cores with porosity between 90 mD and 208 mD, pressure drawdown across the cores under 2 MPa positive pressure differential was less than 0.05 MPain 60 min, and the rate of filtration of fluid through the cores was almost zero.These data showed that the double crosslinked foam gel well killing fluid has a certain compressive capacity and low filtration rate,and can effectively plug reservoir rocks temporarily, rendering it good application prospects in preventing loss of workover fluids in low pressure reservoirs.
When working over wells with low pressure reservoirs, loss of workover fluids into the reservoirs has long been a problem that needs to be resolved. A double crosslinked foam gel well killing fluid has been developed for the resolution of this problem. The basic composition of the killing fluid is: 3% polyacrylamide + 2% foaming agent + 1.5% crosslinking agent A + 0.1% crosslinking agent B. It was found under microscope that single crosslinked foam gel and double crosslinked foam gel all had obvious dualmembrane structure, the double crosslinked foam gel had thick and tough membrane. The thickness of the membrane surrounding the gas core of the foam was 77.35 μm(max.) and the total thickness of the membranes surrounding the gas core was 188.48 μm(max.). The thick membranes render the foam gel high compressive strength and good stability. The foam gel can stay stable for at least 10 d, far longer than single crosslinked foam gel. Rheology and viscoelasticity test of the foam gel showed that the double crosslinked foam gel had high elasticity and low viscosity, making it easy to be pumped and flowed back. Simulated temporary plugging well killing experiments showed that for cores with porosity between 90 mD and 208 mD, pressure drawdown across the cores under 2 MPa positive pressure differential was less than 0.05 MPain 60 min, and the rate of filtration of fluid through the cores was almost zero.These data showed that the double crosslinked foam gel well killing fluid has a certain compressive capacity and low filtration rate,and can effectively plug reservoir rocks temporarily, rendering it good application prospects in preventing loss of workover fluids in low pressure reservoirs.
引文
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[18]ZHAO G,DAI C,ZHANG Y,et al.Enhanced foam stability by adding comb polymer gel for in-depth profile control in high temperature reservoirs[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2015,482:115-124.
[19]杜亚军,李新丹,张喜玲,等.耐盐型泡沫凝胶堵剂的研制与评价[J].精细石油化工进展,2016,17(5):7-10.DU Yajun,LI Xindan,ZHANG Xiling,et al.Development of a salt tolerant foam gel plugging agent and evaluation on it[J].Advances In Fine Petrochemicals,2016,17(5):7-10.
[20]刘建升,任金钰,马驷驹,等.低渗透底水油藏选择性堵水工艺优化[C]//宁夏青年科学家论坛石化专题论坛.《石油化工应用》杂志社,2016:59-61.LIU Jiansheng,REN Jinyu,MA Siju,et al.Optimization of the selective water shut-off technique in reservoirs with low permeability and bottom water[C]//Collection of papers of the Special Forum on Petrochemical of Ningxia Young scientists Forum.Petrochemical Industry Applicaion,2016:59-61.
[21]杨顺贵,张祥兆,范志毅,等.泡沫压井液技术在中原油田的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2006,(4):119.YANG Shungui,ZHANG Xiangzhao,FAN Zhiyi,et al.Application of the foam workover fluid in Zhongyuan oil field[J].Journal of the Oil and Natural Gas(Journal of Jianghan Petroleum College),2006,(4):1 19.
[22]李治,魏攀峰,吕建,等.天然气井绒囊流体活塞技术不降压压井工艺[J].天然气工业,2018,38(2):90-96.LI Zhi,WEI Panfeng,LYU Jian,et al.A gas well killing process without pressure release based on the fuzzy-ball fluid piston technology[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(2):90-96.
[23]刘磊.绒囊工作液现场应用效果评价[J].化工管理,2018,(19):140.LIU Lei.Evaluation of the application performance of the fuzzy-ball fluid in the field[J].Chemical Enterprise Management,2018,(19):140.
[24]郑力会,孔令琛,曹园,等.绒囊工作液防漏堵漏机理[J].科学通报,2010,55(15):1520-1528.ZHENG Lihui,KONG Lingchen,CAO Yuan,et al.Plugging mechanism of the fuzzy-ball fluid[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55(15):1520-1528.
[25]贾虎,陈昊,陈波.弹性液体胶塞修井防漏机理及应用[J].石油学报,2018,39(3):349-356.JIA Hu,CHEN Hao,CHEN Bo.Fluid-loss mechanism of elastic gel plug and its application in well workover[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,55(15):1520-1528.
[26]郑力会,曹园,韩子轩.含绒囊结构的新型低密度钻井液[J]石油学报,2010,31(3):490-493.ZHENG Lihui,CAO Yuan,HAN Zixuan.Novel lowdensity drilling fluid containing fuzzy ball structure[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(3):490-493.
[2]GAMAGE P,DEVILLE J P,SHERMAN J.Solids-free fluid-loss pill for high-temperature reservoirs[C].SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry,The Woodlands,Texas,USA,8-10 April,2013.SPE-164064-MS.
[3]汪成,林梅钦,李明远,等.LWZ强凝胶压井液的室内评价[J].石油化工高等学校学报,2012,25(6):39-43.WANG Cheng,LIN Meiqin,LI Mingyuan,et al.Laboratory evaluation of LWZ killing fluid strong gel[J].Journal of Petrochemical Un iversities,20 12,25(6):39-43.
[4]贾虎.一种与堵水联作的压井修井方法[P].中国专利:CN105041261A,2015.JIA Hu.One workover method combining with water shut-off[P].CN 105041261 A,2015.
[5]GAMAGE P,DEVILLE J P,SHUMWAY B.Performance and formation damage assessment of a novel,thermally stable solids-free fluid loss gel[C].SPE European Formation Damage Conference&Exhibition,Noordwijk,the Netherlands,5-7 June,2013.SPE-165096-MS.
[6]VASQUEZ J,BONAPACE J C,GONZALES J,et al.Successful field implementation of a novel solids-free system to control fluid loss during overbalanced workover operations in Southern Argentina[C].Presented at the SPE North Africa Technical Conference and Exhibition,Cairo,Egypt,15-17 April,2013.SPE-164580-MS.
[7]张忠亮,徐安国.胶联暂堵型修井液在渤海油田的应用[J].内蒙古石油化工,2015(13):16-18.ZHANG Zhongliang,XU Anguo.The application of the crosslinking temporary bridging workover fluid in the Bohai oilfield[J].Inner Mongolia Petroleum Chemistry,2015(13):16-18.
[8]ZIAD A B,GROMAKOVSKII D,AL-SAGR A,et al.First successful application of temporary gel plug replacing calcium carbonate chips to isolate depleted reservoir,case study from Saudi Arabia gas field[C].SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control,Lafayette,Louisiana,USA,24-26February,2016.SPE-178986-MS.
[9]刘强.耐高温高强度暂堵剂的研制与应用[J].精细石油化工进展,2016,17(2):31-33.LIU Qiang.Development and application of high temperature resistant high strength temporary plugging agent[J].Advances In Fine Petrochemicals,2016,17(2):31-33.
[10]刘少克.油田开采中耐温可降解暂堵剂的研发和性能探讨[J].化工管理,2016(24):49-49.LIU Shaoke.Development and performance research of the temperature resistant and degradable temporary plugging agent[J].Chemical Enterprise Management,2016(24):49-49.
[11]贾虎.有机凝胶控水及堵水技术研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(6):141-152.JIA Hu.Research on water control and water shutoff technologies of organic-gel[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Un iversity(Science&Technology Edition),2013,35(6):141-152.
[12]KHALID S.M,EL-KARSANI,GHAITHAN A ALMUNTASHERI,et al.Gelation of a water-shutoff gel at high pressure and high temperature rheological investigation[J].2015,SPE 173 185-PA.
[13]ALMOHSIN A,BAD AIRY H,ALABDRABALNABI M,et al.A new polymer system for water shutoff application in carbonate formations[C].SPE Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Annual Technical Symposium and Exhibition,Dammam,Saudi Arabia,25-28 April,2016.SPE-182843-MS.
[14]ASGHARI K,TAABBODI L,DONG M.A new gelfoam system for water shut-off purposes in wormhole reservoirs[M].SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium,Calgary,Alberta,Canda,1-3November,2005;Paper 97765.
[15]Romero-Zeron L B,Kantzas A.The effect of wettability and pore geometry on foamed-gelblockage performance[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,2007,10(2):150-163.SPE-89388-PA.
[16]薛杰,张震,王亚,等.泡沫凝胶堵水剂的室内研究[J].辽宁化工,2012,41(9):921-922.XUE Jie,ZHANG Zhen,WANG Ya,et al.Lab research on foam gel profile plugging agent[J].Liaoning Chemical Industry,2012,41(9):92 1-922.
[17]戴彩丽,冯海顺,简家斌,等.耐高温冻胶泡沫选择性堵水剂一适用于东海气田高温气藏堵水稳产[J].天然气工业,2015,35(3):60-67.DAI Caili,FENG Haishun,JIAN Jiabin,et al.A selective water-plugging system with heat-resistant gel foam:a case study from the east China sea gas field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(3):60-67.
[18]ZHAO G,DAI C,ZHANG Y,et al.Enhanced foam stability by adding comb polymer gel for in-depth profile control in high temperature reservoirs[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2015,482:115-124.
[19]杜亚军,李新丹,张喜玲,等.耐盐型泡沫凝胶堵剂的研制与评价[J].精细石油化工进展,2016,17(5):7-10.DU Yajun,LI Xindan,ZHANG Xiling,et al.Development of a salt tolerant foam gel plugging agent and evaluation on it[J].Advances In Fine Petrochemicals,2016,17(5):7-10.
[20]刘建升,任金钰,马驷驹,等.低渗透底水油藏选择性堵水工艺优化[C]//宁夏青年科学家论坛石化专题论坛.《石油化工应用》杂志社,2016:59-61.LIU Jiansheng,REN Jinyu,MA Siju,et al.Optimization of the selective water shut-off technique in reservoirs with low permeability and bottom water[C]//Collection of papers of the Special Forum on Petrochemical of Ningxia Young scientists Forum.Petrochemical Industry Applicaion,2016:59-61.
[21]杨顺贵,张祥兆,范志毅,等.泡沫压井液技术在中原油田的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2006,(4):119.YANG Shungui,ZHANG Xiangzhao,FAN Zhiyi,et al.Application of the foam workover fluid in Zhongyuan oil field[J].Journal of the Oil and Natural Gas(Journal of Jianghan Petroleum College),2006,(4):1 19.
[22]李治,魏攀峰,吕建,等.天然气井绒囊流体活塞技术不降压压井工艺[J].天然气工业,2018,38(2):90-96.LI Zhi,WEI Panfeng,LYU Jian,et al.A gas well killing process without pressure release based on the fuzzy-ball fluid piston technology[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(2):90-96.
[23]刘磊.绒囊工作液现场应用效果评价[J].化工管理,2018,(19):140.LIU Lei.Evaluation of the application performance of the fuzzy-ball fluid in the field[J].Chemical Enterprise Management,2018,(19):140.
[24]郑力会,孔令琛,曹园,等.绒囊工作液防漏堵漏机理[J].科学通报,2010,55(15):1520-1528.ZHENG Lihui,KONG Lingchen,CAO Yuan,et al.Plugging mechanism of the fuzzy-ball fluid[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55(15):1520-1528.
[25]贾虎,陈昊,陈波.弹性液体胶塞修井防漏机理及应用[J].石油学报,2018,39(3):349-356.JIA Hu,CHEN Hao,CHEN Bo.Fluid-loss mechanism of elastic gel plug and its application in well workover[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,55(15):1520-1528.
[26]郑力会,曹园,韩子轩.含绒囊结构的新型低密度钻井液[J]石油学报,2010,31(3):490-493.ZHENG Lihui,CAO Yuan,HAN Zixuan.Novel lowdensity drilling fluid containing fuzzy ball structure[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(3):490-493.