黄荆提取物对棉蚜的生物活性
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摘要
【目的】探讨黄荆Vitex negundo提取物对棉蚜Aphis gossypii的生物活性,并明确其中的有效成分,为进一步开发利用该杀虫植物提供理论基础。【方法】采用不同有机溶剂、超临界CO2萃取和水蒸气蒸馏3种提取方法,分别从黄荆的种子和叶片中提取活性物质。采用浸渍法测定了各提取物对棉蚜无翅成蚜的杀虫活性;并采用酸水提取法提取了其中的生物碱,采用毛细管点滴法测定黄荆生物碱对棉蚜生长发育及蜜露产生的影响。【结果】二氯甲烷种子提取物、甲醇种子提取物和水蒸气蒸馏得到的叶片精油对棉蚜无翅成蚜杀虫活性高,1 200 mg/L处理24 h校正死亡率分别达到86.98%,65.01%和85.27%。黄荆生物碱对棉蚜无翅成蚜有一定的忌避活性,20~40 mg/m L处理12 h时,忌避率在50%以上;对棉蚜无翅成蚜毒杀活性略低于黄荆种子二氯甲烷提取物,LD30浓度处理存活成蚜的产仔量和蜜露分泌量均较对照明显降低,处理到第10天棉蚜已经全部死亡,而对照组棉蚜第10天的存活率却为70%,生物碱处理后的9 d平均单雌棉蚜累计产仔量比对照减少了57.66%。排蜜频率、总排蜜量及单滴蜜露重量较对照处理组分别降低了13.18%,20.00%和8.79%。【结论】黄荆种子二氯甲烷提取物杀棉蚜活性最高,其中的生物碱是主要的杀蚜活性成分且对棉蚜生长发育及产仔和蜜露分泌具有一定的抑制作用。
【Aim】To determine the biological effectiveness of extracts from Vitex negundo on the development and honeydew production of Aphis gossypii and their active compounds,so as to lay a theoretical basis for its application in agricultural production. 【Methods】Three extraction methods including organic solvent extraction,supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and steam distillation were used to extract the active components in seeds and leaves from V. negundo. The toxicity of the extracts to apterous adults of A.gossypii was detected by dipping method. Furthermore,total alkaloids were extracted to study its effect on development and honeydew production of A. gossypii by using topical application method. 【Results】The dichloromethane and methanol extracts from the seeds and the steam distillation extract from the leaves of V. negundo had the highest toxicity to apterous adults of A. gossypii,whose corrected mortalities were86. 98%,65. 01% and 85. 27%,respectively,after treatment with 1 200 mg/L essential oil for 24 h.Alkaloids had a definite antifeedant activity towards apterous adults of A. gossypii,with the antifeedant rate of 50% after treatment with 20- 40 mg/m L alkaloids for 12 h,and the toxicity of total alkaloids was slightly lower than that of the dichloromethane extracts to apterous adults of A. gossypii. Alkaloids also reduced the survival rate,fecundity and honeydew production of apterous adults of A. gossypii at the concentration of LD30,and A. gossypii adults were all dead at 10 d after treatment,while the survival rate of adults in the control was still as high as 70%. The average total reproduction of each female was reduced by 57. 66% as compared with the control,while the honeydew production frequency,honeydew production and weight of each drop of honeydew were reduced by 13. 18%,20. 00% and 8. 79%,respectively,as compared with the control. 【Conclusion】The dichloromethane extracts have a higher toxicity to A. gossypii adults,of which alkaloids are the main active components in Vitex negundo and have certain inhibitory effects on the development and honeydew production of A. gossypii.
【Aim】To determine the biological effectiveness of extracts from Vitex negundo on the development and honeydew production of Aphis gossypii and their active compounds,so as to lay a theoretical basis for its application in agricultural production. 【Methods】Three extraction methods including organic solvent extraction,supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and steam distillation were used to extract the active components in seeds and leaves from V. negundo. The toxicity of the extracts to apterous adults of A.gossypii was detected by dipping method. Furthermore,total alkaloids were extracted to study its effect on development and honeydew production of A. gossypii by using topical application method. 【Results】The dichloromethane and methanol extracts from the seeds and the steam distillation extract from the leaves of V. negundo had the highest toxicity to apterous adults of A. gossypii,whose corrected mortalities were86. 98%,65. 01% and 85. 27%,respectively,after treatment with 1 200 mg/L essential oil for 24 h.Alkaloids had a definite antifeedant activity towards apterous adults of A. gossypii,with the antifeedant rate of 50% after treatment with 20- 40 mg/m L alkaloids for 12 h,and the toxicity of total alkaloids was slightly lower than that of the dichloromethane extracts to apterous adults of A. gossypii. Alkaloids also reduced the survival rate,fecundity and honeydew production of apterous adults of A. gossypii at the concentration of LD30,and A. gossypii adults were all dead at 10 d after treatment,while the survival rate of adults in the control was still as high as 70%. The average total reproduction of each female was reduced by 57. 66% as compared with the control,while the honeydew production frequency,honeydew production and weight of each drop of honeydew were reduced by 13. 18%,20. 00% and 8. 79%,respectively,as compared with the control. 【Conclusion】The dichloromethane extracts have a higher toxicity to A. gossypii adults,of which alkaloids are the main active components in Vitex negundo and have certain inhibitory effects on the development and honeydew production of A. gossypii.
引文
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Chandramu C,Manohar RD,Krupadanam DG,Dashavantha RV,2003.Isolation,characterization and biological activity of betulinic acid and ursolic acid from Vitex negundo L.Phytother.Res.,17(2):129-134.
Gahukar RT,2014.Factors affecting content and bioefficacy of neem(Azadirachta indica A.Juss.)phytochemicals used in agricultural pest control:a review.Crop Prot.,62:93-99.
Jermy T,Hanson FG,Dethier VG,1968.Induction of specific food preference in lepidopterous larvae.Entomol.Exp.Appl.,11:211-230.
Jiang ES,Xue M,Liu YQ,Wang YF,2009.Toxicity of Vitex negundo extracts to aphids and its co-toxicity with imidacloprid.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,20(3):686-690.[蒋恩顺,薛明,刘雨晴,王玉峰,2009.黄荆提取物对蚜虫的毒力及其与吡虫啉的联合毒力.应用生态学报,20(3):686-690]
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Li F,Han ZJ,2001.A caging method for the rearing of cotton aphids.Entomological Knowledge,38(3):225-227.[李飞,韩召军,2001.棉蚜饲养技术——笼罩法.昆虫知识,38(3):225-227]
Liao SC,Zeng T,Wei QX,2006.Study on insecticidal activity of Vitex negundo extracts.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,6(22):304-306.[廖世纯,曾涛,韦桥现,2006.黃荊提取物的杀虫生物活性研究.中国农学通报,6(22):304-306]
Liu HF,Quan BW,Li XG,2010.Insecticidal activities of alkaloids extracted from poisonous plants.Plant Dis.Pests,1(6):64-67.
Liu YQ,2010.Isolation and Identification of Active Components from Vitex negundo Linn.and the Biological Effectiveness against Aphis gossypii Glover and Pieris rapae Linn.Ph D Dissertation,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong.[刘雨晴,2010.黄荆杀虫活性成分的分离与鉴定及其对棉蚜和菜青虫的生物效应.山东泰安:山东农业大学博士学位论文]
Liu YQ,Li F,Cui W,2013.Research summary of insecticidal terpenes and alkoloids from plants.Journal of Agricultural Catastrophology,3(6):19-21.[刘雨晴,李飞,崔炜,2013.植物萜烯类及生物碱类杀虫活性物质研究综述.农业灾害研究,3(6):19-21]
Lu CB,Xue M,Liu YQ,Liu AH,Wang HT,2009.Insecticidal components and toxicity of Vitex negundo(Lamiales:Verbenaceae)essential oil to Sitophilus zeamais(Coleoptera:Curculionidae)and their action mechanisms.Acta Entomologica Sinica,52(2):159-167.[卢传兵,薛明,刘雨晴,刘爱红,王洪涛,2009.黄荆精油对玉米象的杀虫活性成分、毒力及作用机制.昆虫学报,52(2):159-167]
Lu CB,Xue M,Liu YQ,Pang YH,Wang CX,2005.Study on effect of volatile oils of Vitex negundo against Sitophilus zeamais(Motschulsky).Grain Storage,6(34):13-16.[卢传兵,薛明,刘雨晴,庞云红,王承香,2005.黄荆挥发油对玉米象的生物活性及种群控制作用.粮食储藏,6(34):13-16]
Luo DQ,Feng JT,Hu Z,Zhu MJ,Zhang X,2001.Isolation and bioactivities of the alkaloids from Tripterygium wilfordii against Pieris rapae L.Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),29(2):61-64.[罗都强,冯俊涛,胡瓒,祝木金,张兴,2001.雷公藤总生物碱分离及杀虫活性研究.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),29(2):61-64]
Meng L,Wang WQ,1996.Effect of boron and zinc on development and honeydew excretion of Aphis gossypii Glower.Cotton Science,8(4):208-211.[孟玲,王文全,1996.微量元素硼锌对棉蚜生长发育和排蜜的影响.棉花学报,8(4):208-211]
Ranilalitha P,Sukumaran M,Raveendran S,Amirthanayagi AK,2015.Evaluation of nymphicidal effect of two indigenous plant exacts on cotton pest,Dysdercus cingulatus(Fab.).Int.J.Pure Appl.Zool.,3(1):24-30.
Thappa RK,Tikku K,Saxena BP,Vaid RM,Bhutani KK,1989.Conessine as a larval growth inhibitor,sterilant,and antifeedant from Holarrhena antidysenterica wall.Insect Sci.Appl.,10(2):149-155.
Wang HL,Wu JX,Wang BL,2006.Studies on development period of cotton aphid,Aphis gossypii Glover in different cotton cultivars with insect pest-resistance.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,15(4):83-85.[王洪亮,仵均祥,王丙丽,2006.棉蚜在不同抗虫品种上的发育历期研究.西北农业学报,15(4):83-85]
Wang KY,Jiang XY,Yi MQ,Lv BQ,Zhang HC,Li CZ,2000.Studies on resistance and mechanism of Aphis gossypii in main planting vegetables areas of Shandong Province.Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2(3):19-24.[王开运,姜兴印,仪美芹,吕宝乾,张洪才,李长征,2000.山东省主要菜区瓜(棉)蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)抗药性及机理研究.农药学学报,2(3):19-24]
Yuan L,Xue M,Liu YQ,Wang HS,2006.Toxicity and oviposition deterrence of Vitex negundo extracts to Plutella xylostella.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,17(4):695-698.[袁林,薛明,刘雨晴,王合生,2006.黄荆提取物对小菜蛾幼虫毒力及对成虫的产卵忌避作用.应用生态学报,17(4):695-698]
Yuan L,Xue M,Xing J,Li CH,2004.Toxicity of Vitex negundo extracts to several insect pests.Chinese Journal of Pesticides,43(2):70-72.[袁林,薛明,邢健,李昌浩,2004.黄荆提取物对几种害虫的杀虫活性.农药,43(2):70-72]
Zhang X,Ma ZQ,Feng JT,Wu H,Han LR,2015.Review on research and development of botanical pesticide.Chinese Journal of Biological Control,31(5):685-698.[张兴,马志卿,冯俊涛,吴华,韩立荣,2015.植物源农药研究进展.中国生物防治学报,31(5):685-698]
Zhou XH,Lian YL,Wang YQ,2011.Research progress on insecticidal alkaloids in Tripterygium wilfordii.Nonwood Forest Research,29(2):124-129.[周小慧,廉玉利,王元清,2011.雷公藤生物碱杀虫作用研究进展.经济林研究,29(2):124-129]
Zhu J,Shen YH,2007.Insecticidal effects of plant alkaloids and their application.Newsletter of Sericultural Science,27(4):35-40.[朱见,沈以红,2007.植物生物碱的杀虫作用及应用.蚕学通讯,27(4):35-40]
Cao HQ,Yue YD,Hua RM,Tang F,2000.Review on research and development of botanical pesticides.Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,27(1):40-44.[操海群,岳永德,花日茂,汤锋,2000.植物源农药研究进展.安徽农业大学学报,27(1):40-44]
Chandramu C,Manohar RD,Krupadanam DG,Dashavantha RV,2003.Isolation,characterization and biological activity of betulinic acid and ursolic acid from Vitex negundo L.Phytother.Res.,17(2):129-134.
Gahukar RT,2014.Factors affecting content and bioefficacy of neem(Azadirachta indica A.Juss.)phytochemicals used in agricultural pest control:a review.Crop Prot.,62:93-99.
Jermy T,Hanson FG,Dethier VG,1968.Induction of specific food preference in lepidopterous larvae.Entomol.Exp.Appl.,11:211-230.
Jiang ES,Xue M,Liu YQ,Wang YF,2009.Toxicity of Vitex negundo extracts to aphids and its co-toxicity with imidacloprid.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,20(3):686-690.[蒋恩顺,薛明,刘雨晴,王玉峰,2009.黄荆提取物对蚜虫的毒力及其与吡虫啉的联合毒力.应用生态学报,20(3):686-690]
Jiang SL,Zhao GL,Xue LG,1998.Study on toxicity of alkaloids from Sophora alopecuroids L.to insect pests.Journal of Gansu Normal College,3(3):52-54.[姜双林,赵国林,薛林贵,1998.苦豆子总生物碱的杀虫活性研究.甘肃高师学报,3(3):52-54]
Li F,Han ZJ,2001.A caging method for the rearing of cotton aphids.Entomological Knowledge,38(3):225-227.[李飞,韩召军,2001.棉蚜饲养技术——笼罩法.昆虫知识,38(3):225-227]
Liao SC,Zeng T,Wei QX,2006.Study on insecticidal activity of Vitex negundo extracts.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,6(22):304-306.[廖世纯,曾涛,韦桥现,2006.黃荊提取物的杀虫生物活性研究.中国农学通报,6(22):304-306]
Liu HF,Quan BW,Li XG,2010.Insecticidal activities of alkaloids extracted from poisonous plants.Plant Dis.Pests,1(6):64-67.
Liu YQ,2010.Isolation and Identification of Active Components from Vitex negundo Linn.and the Biological Effectiveness against Aphis gossypii Glover and Pieris rapae Linn.Ph D Dissertation,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong.[刘雨晴,2010.黄荆杀虫活性成分的分离与鉴定及其对棉蚜和菜青虫的生物效应.山东泰安:山东农业大学博士学位论文]
Liu YQ,Li F,Cui W,2013.Research summary of insecticidal terpenes and alkoloids from plants.Journal of Agricultural Catastrophology,3(6):19-21.[刘雨晴,李飞,崔炜,2013.植物萜烯类及生物碱类杀虫活性物质研究综述.农业灾害研究,3(6):19-21]
Lu CB,Xue M,Liu YQ,Liu AH,Wang HT,2009.Insecticidal components and toxicity of Vitex negundo(Lamiales:Verbenaceae)essential oil to Sitophilus zeamais(Coleoptera:Curculionidae)and their action mechanisms.Acta Entomologica Sinica,52(2):159-167.[卢传兵,薛明,刘雨晴,刘爱红,王洪涛,2009.黄荆精油对玉米象的杀虫活性成分、毒力及作用机制.昆虫学报,52(2):159-167]
Lu CB,Xue M,Liu YQ,Pang YH,Wang CX,2005.Study on effect of volatile oils of Vitex negundo against Sitophilus zeamais(Motschulsky).Grain Storage,6(34):13-16.[卢传兵,薛明,刘雨晴,庞云红,王承香,2005.黄荆挥发油对玉米象的生物活性及种群控制作用.粮食储藏,6(34):13-16]
Luo DQ,Feng JT,Hu Z,Zhu MJ,Zhang X,2001.Isolation and bioactivities of the alkaloids from Tripterygium wilfordii against Pieris rapae L.Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),29(2):61-64.[罗都强,冯俊涛,胡瓒,祝木金,张兴,2001.雷公藤总生物碱分离及杀虫活性研究.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),29(2):61-64]
Meng L,Wang WQ,1996.Effect of boron and zinc on development and honeydew excretion of Aphis gossypii Glower.Cotton Science,8(4):208-211.[孟玲,王文全,1996.微量元素硼锌对棉蚜生长发育和排蜜的影响.棉花学报,8(4):208-211]
Ranilalitha P,Sukumaran M,Raveendran S,Amirthanayagi AK,2015.Evaluation of nymphicidal effect of two indigenous plant exacts on cotton pest,Dysdercus cingulatus(Fab.).Int.J.Pure Appl.Zool.,3(1):24-30.
Thappa RK,Tikku K,Saxena BP,Vaid RM,Bhutani KK,1989.Conessine as a larval growth inhibitor,sterilant,and antifeedant from Holarrhena antidysenterica wall.Insect Sci.Appl.,10(2):149-155.
Wang HL,Wu JX,Wang BL,2006.Studies on development period of cotton aphid,Aphis gossypii Glover in different cotton cultivars with insect pest-resistance.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,15(4):83-85.[王洪亮,仵均祥,王丙丽,2006.棉蚜在不同抗虫品种上的发育历期研究.西北农业学报,15(4):83-85]
Wang KY,Jiang XY,Yi MQ,Lv BQ,Zhang HC,Li CZ,2000.Studies on resistance and mechanism of Aphis gossypii in main planting vegetables areas of Shandong Province.Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2(3):19-24.[王开运,姜兴印,仪美芹,吕宝乾,张洪才,李长征,2000.山东省主要菜区瓜(棉)蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)抗药性及机理研究.农药学学报,2(3):19-24]
Yuan L,Xue M,Liu YQ,Wang HS,2006.Toxicity and oviposition deterrence of Vitex negundo extracts to Plutella xylostella.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,17(4):695-698.[袁林,薛明,刘雨晴,王合生,2006.黄荆提取物对小菜蛾幼虫毒力及对成虫的产卵忌避作用.应用生态学报,17(4):695-698]
Yuan L,Xue M,Xing J,Li CH,2004.Toxicity of Vitex negundo extracts to several insect pests.Chinese Journal of Pesticides,43(2):70-72.[袁林,薛明,邢健,李昌浩,2004.黄荆提取物对几种害虫的杀虫活性.农药,43(2):70-72]
Zhang X,Ma ZQ,Feng JT,Wu H,Han LR,2015.Review on research and development of botanical pesticide.Chinese Journal of Biological Control,31(5):685-698.[张兴,马志卿,冯俊涛,吴华,韩立荣,2015.植物源农药研究进展.中国生物防治学报,31(5):685-698]
Zhou XH,Lian YL,Wang YQ,2011.Research progress on insecticidal alkaloids in Tripterygium wilfordii.Nonwood Forest Research,29(2):124-129.[周小慧,廉玉利,王元清,2011.雷公藤生物碱杀虫作用研究进展.经济林研究,29(2):124-129]
Zhu J,Shen YH,2007.Insecticidal effects of plant alkaloids and their application.Newsletter of Sericultural Science,27(4):35-40.[朱见,沈以红,2007.植物生物碱的杀虫作用及应用.蚕学通讯,27(4):35-40]