基于实体店比较的长春市外卖O2O餐饮业空间特征及成因
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摘要
以实体餐饮商家信息和外卖O2O餐饮商家信息为数据基础,融合GIS空间分析和地理探测器等方法,对比分析两种餐饮业态的空间分布特征,并对外卖O2O餐饮业空间分异的成因进行讨论。主要结论如下:(1)基于路网单元的外卖O2O餐饮网点与实体餐饮网点数量等级存在较大关联。(2)外卖O2O餐饮业集聚中心正从城市中心区向郊区扩散,形成"圈层+多核心"的空间分布特征。(3)外卖O2O餐饮业依托商贸综合区和高校文教区高度集聚,并在空间上形成四个集聚热点区。(4)外卖O2O电子商务的空间发展特征更符合创新扩散假说,由创新中心向外围扩散。(5)对外卖O2O餐饮业空间格局起到主要解释作用的是外卖O2O餐饮商家所在区域的实体餐馆数量、医院数量和高校数量。
This paper respectively climbed the information from 21936 entities business in Dianping.com and6173 takeaway O2O restaurants business in eleme.com. Quantitative methods, such as Nearest neighbor analysis, Kernel Density Estimation, Geographical Detector, Getis-Ord Gi* were employed to comparative analysis the spatial characteristics of takeaway O2O catering industry and entity catering industry in Changchun and discuss the way of O2O space development, and the causes of the spatial differentiation of the O2O catering industry are explored and discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) There is a general agreement between the number of O2O catering outlets and the entity catering outlets, but there are still some differences among some network units. 2) From the point of view of the spatial agglomeration, the O2O catering industry and the entity catering industry have a spatial agglomeration situation, and the degree of spatial agglomeration of the entity catering industry is higher than the degree of spatial agglomeration of the O2O catering industry. 3)Takeaway O2O catering industry highly concentrated relying on comprehensive trade zone and cultural educational zone. 4)The spatial development features of O2O e-commerce are more consistent with the innovation diffusion hypothesis. 5)The spatial distribution pattern of takeaway O2O catering industry is mainly explained by the number of entity restaurants, hospitals and universities.
This paper respectively climbed the information from 21936 entities business in Dianping.com and6173 takeaway O2O restaurants business in eleme.com. Quantitative methods, such as Nearest neighbor analysis, Kernel Density Estimation, Geographical Detector, Getis-Ord Gi* were employed to comparative analysis the spatial characteristics of takeaway O2O catering industry and entity catering industry in Changchun and discuss the way of O2O space development, and the causes of the spatial differentiation of the O2O catering industry are explored and discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) There is a general agreement between the number of O2O catering outlets and the entity catering outlets, but there are still some differences among some network units. 2) From the point of view of the spatial agglomeration, the O2O catering industry and the entity catering industry have a spatial agglomeration situation, and the degree of spatial agglomeration of the entity catering industry is higher than the degree of spatial agglomeration of the O2O catering industry. 3)Takeaway O2O catering industry highly concentrated relying on comprehensive trade zone and cultural educational zone. 4)The spatial development features of O2O e-commerce are more consistent with the innovation diffusion hypothesis. 5)The spatial distribution pattern of takeaway O2O catering industry is mainly explained by the number of entity restaurants, hospitals and universities.
引文
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[2]史坤博,杨永春,白硕,等.技术扩散还是效率优先--基于“美团网”的中国O2O电子商务空间渗透探讨[J].地理研究,2018,37(4):783-796.[Shi Kunbo,Yang Yongchun,Bai Shuo,et al.Innovation diffusion hypothesis or efficiency hypothesis:Spatial penetration of online-to-offline e-commerce in China based on Meituan.com[J].Geographical Research,2018,37(4):783-796.]
[3]Anderson W P,Chatterjee L,Lakshmanan T R.E-commerce,transportation,and economic geography[J].Growth&Change,2003,34(4):415-432.
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[9]Weltevreden J W J,Atzema O,Boschma R.The adoption of the internet by retailers:A new typology of strategies[J].Journal of Urban Technology,2005,12(3):59-87.
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[12]史坤博,杨永春,任强,等.基于省会城市的中国体验性网络团购发展的空间格局与空间错位[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(6):696-706.[Shi Kunbo,Yang Yongchun,Ren Qiang,et al.Study on spatial pattern and spatial mismatch of experiential online group-buying market in China[J].Progress in Geography,2015,34(6):696-706.]
[13]秦萧,甄峰,朱寿佳,席广亮.基于网络口碑度的南京城区餐饮业空间分布格局研究--以大众点评网为例[J].地理科学,2014,34(7):810-817.[Qin Xiao,Zhen Feng,Zhu Shoujia,Xi Guangliang.Spatial pattern of catering industry in Nanjing urban area based on the degree of public praise from internet:A case study of Dianping.com[J].Scientia Geographica Sincia,2014,34(7):810-817.]
[14]瑞网.2017年上半场O2O分析报告[EB/OL].(2017-05-15)[2018-11-08].http://www.ebrun.com/20170515/230683.shtml.[The first half of the 2017 O2O Analysis Report[EB/OL].(2017-05-15)[2018-11-08].http://www.ebrun.com/20170515/230683.shtml.]
[15]高超,金凤君.沿海地区经济技术开发区空间格局演化及产业特征[J].地理学报,2015,70(2):202-213.[Gao Chao,Jin Fengjun.Spatial pattern and industrial characteristics of economic technological development areas in eastern coastal China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(2):202-213.]
[16]Chen Jianfei.Introduction to Geographic Information Systems[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010:337.
[17]汤国安,杨昕.ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:401-421.[Tang Guo'an,Yang Xin.ArcGIS:Spatial Analysis Experiment Course of Geographical Information System[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010:401-421.]
[18]陈蔚珊,柳林.基于POI数据的广州零售商业中心热点识别与业态集聚特征分析[J].地理研究,2016,35(4):703-716.[Chen Weishan,Liulin,et al.Retail center recognition and spatial aggregating feature analysis of retail formats in Guangzhou based on POI data[J].Geographical Research,2016,35(4):703-716.]
[19]Getis A,Ord J K.The analysis of spatial association by the use of distance statistics[J].Geographrcal Analysis,1992,24(3):189-206.
[20]Ord J K,Getis A.Local Spatial autocorrelation statistic:Distributional issues and an application[J].Geographical Analysis,1995,27(4):286-306.
[21]王劲峰,徐成东.地理探测器:原理与展望[J].地理学报,2017,72(1):116-134.[Wang Jinfeng,Xu Chengdong.Geodetector principle and prospective[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(1):116-134.]
[22]张绍云,周忠发.贵州洞穴空间格局及影响因素分析[J].地理学报,2016,71(11):1998-2009.[Zhang Shaoyun,Zhou Zhongfa,et al.Spatial pattern of the caves in Guizhou province and their the influence factors[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2016,71(11):1998-2009.]
[23]朱鹤,刘家明,陶慧.北京城市休闲商务区的时空分布特征与成因[J].地理学报,2015,70(8):1215-1228.[Zhu He,Liu Jiaming,Tao Hui.Temporal-spatial pattern and contributing factors of urban RBDs in Beijing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(8):1215-1228.]
[24]张永振.中小餐饮商家采用外卖O2O平台的影响因素研究[D].上海:东华大学,2017.[Zhang Yongzhen.Study on the influence factors of small and medium-sized business catering industry adopt take-out O2O platform[D].Shanghai:Donghua University,2017.]
[25]袁梦如.餐饮外卖O2O市场顾客满意度研究--以合肥各大高校市场为例[J].现代商贸工业,2016,37(29):55-57.[Yuan Mengru.Research on customer satisfaction of takeaway O2O catering market:A case of universities market in Hefei[J].Modern Business Trade Industry,2016,37(29):55-57.]
[2]史坤博,杨永春,白硕,等.技术扩散还是效率优先--基于“美团网”的中国O2O电子商务空间渗透探讨[J].地理研究,2018,37(4):783-796.[Shi Kunbo,Yang Yongchun,Bai Shuo,et al.Innovation diffusion hypothesis or efficiency hypothesis:Spatial penetration of online-to-offline e-commerce in China based on Meituan.com[J].Geographical Research,2018,37(4):783-796.]
[3]Anderson W P,Chatterjee L,Lakshmanan T R.E-commerce,transportation,and economic geography[J].Growth&Change,2003,34(4):415-432.
[4]浩飞龙,关皓明,王士君.中国城市电子商务发展水平空间分布特征及影响因素[J].经济地理,2016,36(2):1-10.[Hao Feilong,Guan Haoming,Wang Shijun.Study on the influencing factors and spatial distribution of electronic commerce development level in China's cities[J].Economic Geography,2016,36(2):1-10.]
[5]汪明峰.网络空间的生产与消费:中国互联网的地理学透视[D].上海:华东师范大学,2005.[Wang Mingfeng.The Production and Consumption of Cyber Spcae:A Geographicper Spective of Interne in China[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2005.]
[6]席广亮,甄峰,汪侠,等.南京市居民网络消费的影响因素及空间特征[J].地理研究,2014,33(2):284-295.[Xi Guangliang,Zhen Feng,Wang Xia,et al.Study on the influencing factors and spatial characteristics of residents'online consumption in Nanjing[J].Geographical Research,2014,33(2):284-295.]
[7]Krizek K,Li Y,Handy S.Spatial attributes and patterns of use in household-related information and communications technology activity[J].Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2005,1926(1):252-259.
[8]Cao X J.The relationships between E-shopping and store shopping in the shopping process of search goods[J].Transportation Research Part A Policy&Practice,2012,46(7):993-1002.
[9]Weltevreden J W J,Atzema O,Boschma R.The adoption of the internet by retailers:A new typology of strategies[J].Journal of Urban Technology,2005,12(3):59-87.
[10]Weltevreden J W J,Atzema O,Frenken K,et al.The geography of Internet adoption by independent retailer in the Netherlands[J].Environment&Planning B:Planning&Design,2008,35(3):443-460.
[11]Weltevreden J W J,Oedzge A L C.Atzema.Cyberspace meets High Street:Adoption of Click-and-Mortar strategies by retail outlets in city centers[J].Urban Geography,2006,27(7):628-650.
[12]史坤博,杨永春,任强,等.基于省会城市的中国体验性网络团购发展的空间格局与空间错位[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(6):696-706.[Shi Kunbo,Yang Yongchun,Ren Qiang,et al.Study on spatial pattern and spatial mismatch of experiential online group-buying market in China[J].Progress in Geography,2015,34(6):696-706.]
[13]秦萧,甄峰,朱寿佳,席广亮.基于网络口碑度的南京城区餐饮业空间分布格局研究--以大众点评网为例[J].地理科学,2014,34(7):810-817.[Qin Xiao,Zhen Feng,Zhu Shoujia,Xi Guangliang.Spatial pattern of catering industry in Nanjing urban area based on the degree of public praise from internet:A case study of Dianping.com[J].Scientia Geographica Sincia,2014,34(7):810-817.]
[14]瑞网.2017年上半场O2O分析报告[EB/OL].(2017-05-15)[2018-11-08].http://www.ebrun.com/20170515/230683.shtml.[The first half of the 2017 O2O Analysis Report[EB/OL].(2017-05-15)[2018-11-08].http://www.ebrun.com/20170515/230683.shtml.]
[15]高超,金凤君.沿海地区经济技术开发区空间格局演化及产业特征[J].地理学报,2015,70(2):202-213.[Gao Chao,Jin Fengjun.Spatial pattern and industrial characteristics of economic technological development areas in eastern coastal China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(2):202-213.]
[16]Chen Jianfei.Introduction to Geographic Information Systems[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010:337.
[17]汤国安,杨昕.ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:401-421.[Tang Guo'an,Yang Xin.ArcGIS:Spatial Analysis Experiment Course of Geographical Information System[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010:401-421.]
[18]陈蔚珊,柳林.基于POI数据的广州零售商业中心热点识别与业态集聚特征分析[J].地理研究,2016,35(4):703-716.[Chen Weishan,Liulin,et al.Retail center recognition and spatial aggregating feature analysis of retail formats in Guangzhou based on POI data[J].Geographical Research,2016,35(4):703-716.]
[19]Getis A,Ord J K.The analysis of spatial association by the use of distance statistics[J].Geographrcal Analysis,1992,24(3):189-206.
[20]Ord J K,Getis A.Local Spatial autocorrelation statistic:Distributional issues and an application[J].Geographical Analysis,1995,27(4):286-306.
[21]王劲峰,徐成东.地理探测器:原理与展望[J].地理学报,2017,72(1):116-134.[Wang Jinfeng,Xu Chengdong.Geodetector principle and prospective[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(1):116-134.]
[22]张绍云,周忠发.贵州洞穴空间格局及影响因素分析[J].地理学报,2016,71(11):1998-2009.[Zhang Shaoyun,Zhou Zhongfa,et al.Spatial pattern of the caves in Guizhou province and their the influence factors[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2016,71(11):1998-2009.]
[23]朱鹤,刘家明,陶慧.北京城市休闲商务区的时空分布特征与成因[J].地理学报,2015,70(8):1215-1228.[Zhu He,Liu Jiaming,Tao Hui.Temporal-spatial pattern and contributing factors of urban RBDs in Beijing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(8):1215-1228.]
[24]张永振.中小餐饮商家采用外卖O2O平台的影响因素研究[D].上海:东华大学,2017.[Zhang Yongzhen.Study on the influence factors of small and medium-sized business catering industry adopt take-out O2O platform[D].Shanghai:Donghua University,2017.]
[25]袁梦如.餐饮外卖O2O市场顾客满意度研究--以合肥各大高校市场为例[J].现代商贸工业,2016,37(29):55-57.[Yuan Mengru.Research on customer satisfaction of takeaway O2O catering market:A case of universities market in Hefei[J].Modern Business Trade Industry,2016,37(29):55-57.]