老山芹种子成熟度差异研究
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摘要
针对老山芹生产存在种子发芽率低、出苗不整齐、育苗周期过长等问题,以夏季采收老山芹种子为材料,系统研究果穗外部和中部种子成熟度和重量差异、不同阴干重种子形态和胚形态指标及种胚发育程度差异、各指标相关性等。结果表明,采收时老山芹种子胚发育不完全,存在后熟现象,种胚主要处于心形胚及鱼雷形胚时期,其中心形胚后期种子数量最多;位于果穗外部种子较果穗中部种子百粒重高,成熟度高;重量大的种子胚发育程度较高,胚率较大。研究可为老山芹规模化人工栽培提供理论依据和技术支撑。
The dormancy of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance seeds caused many problems on agricultural production, such as lower germination rate, irregular seedling and a long period of growing.In order to solve these problems, a systematic study on the maturity of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance seeds harvested in summer was carried out. In this study, seed maturity between the central part and outer part seeds of the ears was compared. The difference of seed weight between the central part and outer part seeds of the ears was explored. Seed morphology, embryo morphological indices and embryo development among different shade-dried seed weight were measured. Furthermore, the correlations among different indicators were analyzed. The results showed that the seeds of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance had post-ripening phenomenon, and the seed embryos were not fully developed when seeds were harvested. The embryos of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance were mainly in the period of heart-shaped embryo and torpedo-shaped embryo, in which the number of seeds in the late heartshaped embryo were the highest. 100-grain weight of outer part seeds was heavier than the central part seeds of the ears, and the maturity was higher. Heavier seeds had higher developmental level of embryo and greater embryo rate.
The dormancy of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance seeds caused many problems on agricultural production, such as lower germination rate, irregular seedling and a long period of growing.In order to solve these problems, a systematic study on the maturity of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance seeds harvested in summer was carried out. In this study, seed maturity between the central part and outer part seeds of the ears was compared. The difference of seed weight between the central part and outer part seeds of the ears was explored. Seed morphology, embryo morphological indices and embryo development among different shade-dried seed weight were measured. Furthermore, the correlations among different indicators were analyzed. The results showed that the seeds of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance had post-ripening phenomenon, and the seed embryos were not fully developed when seeds were harvested. The embryos of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance were mainly in the period of heart-shaped embryo and torpedo-shaped embryo, in which the number of seeds in the late heartshaped embryo were the highest. 100-grain weight of outer part seeds was heavier than the central part seeds of the ears, and the maturity was higher. Heavier seeds had higher developmental level of embryo and greater embryo rate.
引文
[1]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志[M].北京:科学出版社, 2004.
[2]刁绍起,朱楠楠,孙广仁.山芹菜营养成分分析与加工特性[J].东北林业大学学报, 2010, 38(10):48-50.
[3]卢伟,付强,贾楠,等.短果茴芹化学成分的研究进展[J].吉林医药学院学报, 2015, 36(6):480-481.
[4]信小娟,刘成学,李玉成.大兴安岭山野菜老山芹栽培技术[J].防护林科技, 2016,(8):120-121.
[5]蒋欣梅,王金华,于锡宏,等.不同海拔高度对老山芹营养成分及形态的影响[J].东北农业大学学报. 2017, 48(5):21-27.
[6]陈姗姗,韩玉珠,乔宏宇,等.大叶芹种子催芽技术的研究[J].中国农学通报, 2011, 27(10):127-132.
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[8]郭强,于玲玲,赵贵元.不同采收期对糯玉米子粒品质的影响[J].作物杂志, 2017(2):126-129.
[9]陈莹,蔡霞,胡正海,等.北柴胡胚和胚乳的发育及对其种子萌发的影响[J].植物研究, 2008, 28(1):14-19.
[10]张鹏,沈海龙,纪玉山,等.东北刺人参种胚形态后熟过程中的解剖观察[J].种子, 2007, 26(12):45-47.
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[12] Adam N M, Mcdonald M B, Henderlong P R. The influence of seed position, planting and harvesting dates on soybean seed quality[J]. Seed Science&Technology, 1989, 17(1):143-152.
[13]张秋香,武绍波,杨荣萍,等.果树种子休眠原因及解除休眠的方法[J].山西果树, 2004(1):31-33.
[14]辛福梅,臧建成,兰小中,等.不同产地波棱瓜子萌发特性比较研究[J].种子, 2012, 31(6):85-88.
[15]董丽华,邹红,朱玉野,等.不同产地栀子种子萌发特性研究[J].种子, 2014, 33(10):1-4.
[16]杨斌,严世武,李绍平,等.栽培滇重楼种子采收期研究[J].云南中医学院学报, 2013, 36(3):25-27, 35.
[17]王华磊,赵致,唐平,等.喜树种子适宜采收期研究[J].中国现代中药, 2011, 13(8):20-21, 33.
[18] Wulff R D. Seed size variation in Desmodium paniculatum.Ⅰ.Factors affecting seed size[J]. The Journal of Ecology, 1986, 74:87-97.
[19]陈菁瑛,张丽梅,葛培盛,等.种子成熟度对泽泻种子萌发与植株生长的影响[J].现代中药研究与实践, 2007, 21(1):3-5.
[20]谢田朋,杜国祯,张格非,等.黄帚橐吾种子生产的花序位置效应及其对幼苗建植的影响[J].植物生态学报, 2010, 34(4):418-426.
[21]单成钢,张教洪,王光超,等.丹参种子特性研究[J].中国现代中药, 2013, 15(8):680-684.
[22]张世挺,杜国祯,陈家宽.种子大小变异的进化生态学研究现状与展望[J].生态学报, 2003, 23(2):353-364.
[23] Yanful M, Maun M A. Spatial distribution and seed mass variation of Strophostyles helvola along Lake Erie[J]. Canadian Journal of Botany, 1996, 74(8):1313-1321.
[24]杨慧玲,梁振雷,朱选伟,等.沙埋和种子大小对柠条锦鸡儿种子萌发、出苗和幼苗生长的影响[J].生态学报, 2012, 32(24):7757-7763.
[25]朱雅娟,董鸣,黄振英.沙埋和种子大小对固沙禾草沙鞭的种子萌发与幼苗出土的影响[J].植物生态学报, 2005, 29(5):730-739.
[2]刁绍起,朱楠楠,孙广仁.山芹菜营养成分分析与加工特性[J].东北林业大学学报, 2010, 38(10):48-50.
[3]卢伟,付强,贾楠,等.短果茴芹化学成分的研究进展[J].吉林医药学院学报, 2015, 36(6):480-481.
[4]信小娟,刘成学,李玉成.大兴安岭山野菜老山芹栽培技术[J].防护林科技, 2016,(8):120-121.
[5]蒋欣梅,王金华,于锡宏,等.不同海拔高度对老山芹营养成分及形态的影响[J].东北农业大学学报. 2017, 48(5):21-27.
[6]陈姗姗,韩玉珠,乔宏宇,等.大叶芹种子催芽技术的研究[J].中国农学通报, 2011, 27(10):127-132.
[7]傅家瑞.种子生理[M].北京:科学出版社, 1985.
[8]郭强,于玲玲,赵贵元.不同采收期对糯玉米子粒品质的影响[J].作物杂志, 2017(2):126-129.
[9]陈莹,蔡霞,胡正海,等.北柴胡胚和胚乳的发育及对其种子萌发的影响[J].植物研究, 2008, 28(1):14-19.
[10]张鹏,沈海龙,纪玉山,等.东北刺人参种胚形态后熟过程中的解剖观察[J].种子, 2007, 26(12):45-47.
[11]曹帮华,蔡春菊.银杏种子后熟生理与内源激素变化的研究[J].林业科学, 2006, 42(2):32-37.
[12] Adam N M, Mcdonald M B, Henderlong P R. The influence of seed position, planting and harvesting dates on soybean seed quality[J]. Seed Science&Technology, 1989, 17(1):143-152.
[13]张秋香,武绍波,杨荣萍,等.果树种子休眠原因及解除休眠的方法[J].山西果树, 2004(1):31-33.
[14]辛福梅,臧建成,兰小中,等.不同产地波棱瓜子萌发特性比较研究[J].种子, 2012, 31(6):85-88.
[15]董丽华,邹红,朱玉野,等.不同产地栀子种子萌发特性研究[J].种子, 2014, 33(10):1-4.
[16]杨斌,严世武,李绍平,等.栽培滇重楼种子采收期研究[J].云南中医学院学报, 2013, 36(3):25-27, 35.
[17]王华磊,赵致,唐平,等.喜树种子适宜采收期研究[J].中国现代中药, 2011, 13(8):20-21, 33.
[18] Wulff R D. Seed size variation in Desmodium paniculatum.Ⅰ.Factors affecting seed size[J]. The Journal of Ecology, 1986, 74:87-97.
[19]陈菁瑛,张丽梅,葛培盛,等.种子成熟度对泽泻种子萌发与植株生长的影响[J].现代中药研究与实践, 2007, 21(1):3-5.
[20]谢田朋,杜国祯,张格非,等.黄帚橐吾种子生产的花序位置效应及其对幼苗建植的影响[J].植物生态学报, 2010, 34(4):418-426.
[21]单成钢,张教洪,王光超,等.丹参种子特性研究[J].中国现代中药, 2013, 15(8):680-684.
[22]张世挺,杜国祯,陈家宽.种子大小变异的进化生态学研究现状与展望[J].生态学报, 2003, 23(2):353-364.
[23] Yanful M, Maun M A. Spatial distribution and seed mass variation of Strophostyles helvola along Lake Erie[J]. Canadian Journal of Botany, 1996, 74(8):1313-1321.
[24]杨慧玲,梁振雷,朱选伟,等.沙埋和种子大小对柠条锦鸡儿种子萌发、出苗和幼苗生长的影响[J].生态学报, 2012, 32(24):7757-7763.
[25]朱雅娟,董鸣,黄振英.沙埋和种子大小对固沙禾草沙鞭的种子萌发与幼苗出土的影响[J].植物生态学报, 2005, 29(5):730-739.