爱拔益加肉鸡对饲粮中添加的辣木提取物的耐受性评价
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加高剂量(10.00 g/kg)辣木提取物对爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化功能、血液学指标、脏器指数、消化及免疫系统各器官组织病理学的影响,以确定辣木提取物在肉鸡饲粮中的安全添加限量。选用平均体重为(45±2) g、健康1日龄AA肉鸡288只,随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复16只鸡。试验采用玉米-豆粕-杂粕型基础饲粮,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂分别在基础饲粮中添加0.75和10.00 g/kg辣木提取物的饲粮。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加0.75和10.00 g/kg辣木提取物显著提高了肉鸡平均日增重(P<0.05),但对平均日采食量和料重比无显著影响(P>0.05);2)饲粮添加0.75和10.00 g/kg辣木提取物显著提高了42日龄肉鸡血清总抗氧化能力(P<0.05),显著降低了血清丙二醛含量(P<0.05);3)饲粮添加0.75 g/kg辣木提取物显著提高了21日龄肉鸡血小板平均体积(P<0.05),饲粮添加0.75和10.00 g/kg辣木提取物显著提高了21日龄肉鸡血小板分布宽度(P<0.05);4)饲粮添加0.75和10.00 g/kg辣木提取物可以降低肉鸡的死淘率到3.13%和2.08%;5)饲粮添加10.00 g/kg辣木提取物对肉鸡消化和免疫器官的组织结构未见明显影响。综上,饲粮添加辣木提取物可以提高肉鸡的增重,提高肉鸡的抗氧化功能,降低肉鸡死淘率,2个添加剂量间也有改善的趋势。因此,辣木提取物在肉鸡饲粮中添加量≤10.00 g/kg是安全的。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of high-dose(10.00 g/kg) Moringa oleifera Lam.extract supplementation on growth performance,antioxidant function,haematological indices,organ indices,histopathology of various organs of the digestive and immune system,and to evaluate the tolerance of Arbor Acres(AA) broilers to Moringa oleifera Lam.extract.A total of 288 one-day-old healthy AA broilers were selected with an average body weight of(45±2) g and randomly divided into three groups with six replicates each and sixteen broilers per replicate.Broilers in the control group were fed a corn-soybean-hybrid-based basal diet,and those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.75 and10.00 g/kg Moringa oleifera Lam.extract for 42 days,respectively.The results showed as follows:1) Moringa oleifera Lam.extract supplementation at 0.75 and 10.00 g/kg significantly increased the average daily gain(P<0.05),but had no significantly different effects on the average daily feed intake and feed to gain ratio(P>0.05) of broilers.2) Moringa oleifera Lam.extract supplementation at 0.75 and 10.00 g/kg significantly increased serum total antioxidant capacity(P<0.05),and significantly decreased serum malondialdehyde content(P<0.05) of 42-day-old broilers.3) Moringa oleifera Lam.extract supplementation at 0.75 g/kg significantly increased the mean platelet volume of 21-day-old broilers(P<0.05),and Moringa oleifera Lam.extract supplementation at 0.75 and 10.00 g/kg significantly increased the platelet distribution width of 21-day-old broilers(P<0.05).4) Moringa oleifera Lam.extract supplementation at 0.75 and 10.00 g/kg significantly decreased the death and culling rate of broilers to 3.13% and 2.08%.5) Moringa oleifera Lam.extract supplementation at 10.00 g/kg had no adverse effects on the morphology of digestive and immune organs of broilers.In conclusion,Moringa oleifera Lam.extract supplementation can increase the weight gain,improve the antioxidant function and reduce the death and culling rate of broilers.There is also a trend of improvement between the two doses.Therefore,it is safe to add ≤10.00 g/kg Moringa oleifera Lam.extract to broiler feed.
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of high-dose(10.00 g/kg) Moringa oleifera Lam.extract supplementation on growth performance,antioxidant function,haematological indices,organ indices,histopathology of various organs of the digestive and immune system,and to evaluate the tolerance of Arbor Acres(AA) broilers to Moringa oleifera Lam.extract.A total of 288 one-day-old healthy AA broilers were selected with an average body weight of(45±2) g and randomly divided into three groups with six replicates each and sixteen broilers per replicate.Broilers in the control group were fed a corn-soybean-hybrid-based basal diet,and those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.75 and10.00 g/kg Moringa oleifera Lam.extract for 42 days,respectively.The results showed as follows:1) Moringa oleifera Lam.extract supplementation at 0.75 and 10.00 g/kg significantly increased the average daily gain(P<0.05),but had no significantly different effects on the average daily feed intake and feed to gain ratio(P>0.05) of broilers.2) Moringa oleifera Lam.extract supplementation at 0.75 and 10.00 g/kg significantly increased serum total antioxidant capacity(P<0.05),and significantly decreased serum malondialdehyde content(P<0.05) of 42-day-old broilers.3) Moringa oleifera Lam.extract supplementation at 0.75 g/kg significantly increased the mean platelet volume of 21-day-old broilers(P<0.05),and Moringa oleifera Lam.extract supplementation at 0.75 and 10.00 g/kg significantly increased the platelet distribution width of 21-day-old broilers(P<0.05).4) Moringa oleifera Lam.extract supplementation at 0.75 and 10.00 g/kg significantly decreased the death and culling rate of broilers to 3.13% and 2.08%.5) Moringa oleifera Lam.extract supplementation at 10.00 g/kg had no adverse effects on the morphology of digestive and immune organs of broilers.In conclusion,Moringa oleifera Lam.extract supplementation can increase the weight gain,improve the antioxidant function and reduce the death and culling rate of broilers.There is also a trend of improvement between the two doses.Therefore,it is safe to add ≤10.00 g/kg Moringa oleifera Lam.extract to broiler feed.
引文
[1]FAROOQ F,RAI M,TIWARI A,et al.Medicinal properties of Moringa oleifera:an overview of promising healer[J].Journal of Medicinal Plants Research,2012,6(27):4368-4374.
[2]PALADA M C,CHANG L C.Suggested cultural practices for moringa[R].Tainan:AVRDC,2003.
[3]WORKU A.Moringa oleifera as a potential feed for livestock and aquaculture industry[J].African Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2016,4(4):666-676.
[4]陆唯,武书庚,张海军,等.辣木叶在家禽饲料中的应用研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(4):13-17.
[5]DILLARD C J,GERMAN J B.Phytochemicals:nutraceuticals and human health[J].Journal of the Science of Food&Agriculture,2000,80(12):1744-1756.
[6]张婧.辣木组织培养及有效成分分析[D].硕士学位论文.福州:福建农林大学,2013:7-9.
[7]FAIZI S,SIDDIQUI B S,SALEEM R,et al.Solation and structure elucidation of new nitrile and mustard oil glycosides from Moringa oleifera and their effect on blood pressure[J].Journal of Natural Products,1994,57(9):1256-1261.
[8]TAHILIANI P,KAR A.Role of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in the regulation of thyroid hormone status in adult male and female rats[J].Pharmacological Research,2000,41(3):319-323.
[9]李树荣,许琳,毛夸云,等.添加辣木对肉用鸡的增重试验[J].云南农业大学学报,2006,21(4):545-548.
[10]闫文龙,任安祥,余敏嫦,等.辣木粉对肉仔鸡血液生理生化指标的影响[J].中国兽医杂志,2009,45(5):36-37.
[11]OKE O E,ONABAJO A O,ABIOJA M O,et al.Effect of inclusion of Moringa oleifera leaf on physiological responses of broiler chickens at finisher phase during hot-dry season[J].International Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering,2015,9(9):1-17.
[12]RAMADAN S G A.Impact of supplementation of Moringa oleifera in diet of broiler chicks on their behavior,welfare,performance and immune responses[J].Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences,2017,55(2):50-59.
[13]EL TAZI S M A.Effect of feeding different levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on the performance and carcass quality of broiler chicks[J].International Journal of Science and Research,2014,3(5):147-151
[14]KAKENGI A M V,SHEM M N,SARWATT S V,et al.Can Moringa oleifera be used as a protein supplement for ruminants?[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2005,18(1):42-47.
[15]姜义宝,杨玉荣,王成章,等.红车轴草异黄酮对肉鸡生产性能及肉品质的影响[J].草业科学,2011,28(11):2032-2036.
[16]向丽华,陈燕萍,张智,等.24味有毒中药长期毒性实验对大鼠脏器指数的影响[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2006,12(1):35-36,52.
[17]HOFFMANN W E,KRAMER J,MAIN A,et al.Clinical enzymology[M]//LOEB W F,QUIMBY F W.The clinical chemistry of laboratory animals.New York:Pergamon,1989:237-278.
[18]张德福,李军涛,田耀耀,等.爱拔益加肉仔鸡对胍基乙酸的耐受性评价[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(2):456-464.
[19]张敦林,周业飞.那西肽调控肉鸡非特异性免疫功能的研究[J].饲料博览,2007(12):9-12.
[20]万家余,高宏伟,王玉平,等.5种中草药对肉仔鸡血液生化指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2003,35(11):8-10.
[21]EWUOLA E O,JIMOH O A,ATUMA O V,et al.Haematological and serum biochemical response of growing rabbits fed graded levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal extract[C]//Proceedings of the10th World Rabbit Congress.Sharm El-Sheikh:World Rabbit Science Association,2012:679-683.
[22]张幸怡,林聪,李洋,等.辣木梗叶对奶牛生产性能及血浆生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(2):628-635.
[23]杨倩,田雪梅,张晓文,等.辣木提取物降脂作用的研究[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2017,8(3):963-967.
[24]谢晓鹏.中药方剂对肾型传染性支气管炎病毒致痛风鸡的生产性能和血常规的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南昌:江西农业大学,2013:32-35.
[25]张莉.C-反应蛋白和血常规测定的临床意义[J].当代医学,2012,18(36):93-94.
[26]蒋森森,周长钰.平均血小板体积、红细胞分布宽度与冠心病的相关性[J].天津医科大学学报,2014,20(2):120-123.
[27]霍振华,方热军,徐运杰,等.中草药替代抗生素对肉鸡抗氧化性能的影响[J].湖南饲料,2009(3):22-26.
[28]梁鹏,甄润英.辣木茎叶中水溶性多糖的提取及抗氧化活性的研究[J].食品研究与开发,2013(14):25-29.
[29]张幸怡,李洋,林聪,等.辣木叶粉对大鼠生长性能、血液与肝脏抗氧化及免疫指标的影响[J].天然产物研究与开发,2016,28(11):1724-1731.
[2]PALADA M C,CHANG L C.Suggested cultural practices for moringa[R].Tainan:AVRDC,2003.
[3]WORKU A.Moringa oleifera as a potential feed for livestock and aquaculture industry[J].African Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2016,4(4):666-676.
[4]陆唯,武书庚,张海军,等.辣木叶在家禽饲料中的应用研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(4):13-17.
[5]DILLARD C J,GERMAN J B.Phytochemicals:nutraceuticals and human health[J].Journal of the Science of Food&Agriculture,2000,80(12):1744-1756.
[6]张婧.辣木组织培养及有效成分分析[D].硕士学位论文.福州:福建农林大学,2013:7-9.
[7]FAIZI S,SIDDIQUI B S,SALEEM R,et al.Solation and structure elucidation of new nitrile and mustard oil glycosides from Moringa oleifera and their effect on blood pressure[J].Journal of Natural Products,1994,57(9):1256-1261.
[8]TAHILIANI P,KAR A.Role of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in the regulation of thyroid hormone status in adult male and female rats[J].Pharmacological Research,2000,41(3):319-323.
[9]李树荣,许琳,毛夸云,等.添加辣木对肉用鸡的增重试验[J].云南农业大学学报,2006,21(4):545-548.
[10]闫文龙,任安祥,余敏嫦,等.辣木粉对肉仔鸡血液生理生化指标的影响[J].中国兽医杂志,2009,45(5):36-37.
[11]OKE O E,ONABAJO A O,ABIOJA M O,et al.Effect of inclusion of Moringa oleifera leaf on physiological responses of broiler chickens at finisher phase during hot-dry season[J].International Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering,2015,9(9):1-17.
[12]RAMADAN S G A.Impact of supplementation of Moringa oleifera in diet of broiler chicks on their behavior,welfare,performance and immune responses[J].Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences,2017,55(2):50-59.
[13]EL TAZI S M A.Effect of feeding different levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on the performance and carcass quality of broiler chicks[J].International Journal of Science and Research,2014,3(5):147-151
[14]KAKENGI A M V,SHEM M N,SARWATT S V,et al.Can Moringa oleifera be used as a protein supplement for ruminants?[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2005,18(1):42-47.
[15]姜义宝,杨玉荣,王成章,等.红车轴草异黄酮对肉鸡生产性能及肉品质的影响[J].草业科学,2011,28(11):2032-2036.
[16]向丽华,陈燕萍,张智,等.24味有毒中药长期毒性实验对大鼠脏器指数的影响[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2006,12(1):35-36,52.
[17]HOFFMANN W E,KRAMER J,MAIN A,et al.Clinical enzymology[M]//LOEB W F,QUIMBY F W.The clinical chemistry of laboratory animals.New York:Pergamon,1989:237-278.
[18]张德福,李军涛,田耀耀,等.爱拔益加肉仔鸡对胍基乙酸的耐受性评价[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(2):456-464.
[19]张敦林,周业飞.那西肽调控肉鸡非特异性免疫功能的研究[J].饲料博览,2007(12):9-12.
[20]万家余,高宏伟,王玉平,等.5种中草药对肉仔鸡血液生化指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2003,35(11):8-10.
[21]EWUOLA E O,JIMOH O A,ATUMA O V,et al.Haematological and serum biochemical response of growing rabbits fed graded levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal extract[C]//Proceedings of the10th World Rabbit Congress.Sharm El-Sheikh:World Rabbit Science Association,2012:679-683.
[22]张幸怡,林聪,李洋,等.辣木梗叶对奶牛生产性能及血浆生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(2):628-635.
[23]杨倩,田雪梅,张晓文,等.辣木提取物降脂作用的研究[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2017,8(3):963-967.
[24]谢晓鹏.中药方剂对肾型传染性支气管炎病毒致痛风鸡的生产性能和血常规的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南昌:江西农业大学,2013:32-35.
[25]张莉.C-反应蛋白和血常规测定的临床意义[J].当代医学,2012,18(36):93-94.
[26]蒋森森,周长钰.平均血小板体积、红细胞分布宽度与冠心病的相关性[J].天津医科大学学报,2014,20(2):120-123.
[27]霍振华,方热军,徐运杰,等.中草药替代抗生素对肉鸡抗氧化性能的影响[J].湖南饲料,2009(3):22-26.
[28]梁鹏,甄润英.辣木茎叶中水溶性多糖的提取及抗氧化活性的研究[J].食品研究与开发,2013(14):25-29.
[29]张幸怡,李洋,林聪,等.辣木叶粉对大鼠生长性能、血液与肝脏抗氧化及免疫指标的影响[J].天然产物研究与开发,2016,28(11):1724-1731.