乌鲁木齐市快速路林带内PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)污染特征研究
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摘要
颗粒物污染中PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)等细颗粒物对动、植物及人体健康的危害较为严重。随着乌鲁木齐市的进一步开放和发展,环境问题,特别是大气环境中PM_(2.5)的污染问题受到了更多的关注。文章以乌鲁木齐市主要快速路,外环路、河滩路林带为研究对象,通过在道路防护林不同宽度处设置监测点,研究了PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)从道路扩散到林带后时的浓度变化规律,得出乌鲁木齐市快速林带宽度与颗粒物浓度之间存在复杂的负相关关系;快速路林带从离快速路3 m起对汽车尾气为主的颗粒物污染显著的削减作用;针叶林为主林带对颗粒物可具有较明显的削减作用;居住在城市快速路两边居民遭受更严重的颗粒物污染,汽车尾气是增加颗粒污染物浓度的重要因素之一。
The hazards of particulate matters, especially PM_(10), PM_(2.5) on the animals, plant and human health are very obvious.The rational allocation of the city expressway greening is of great significance in improving the living environment of oasis cities in arid areas. In this paper, the main expressway, outer ring road and river beach road in Urumqi are taken as the research object. By setting the monitoring points at different widths of road shelterbelts, the change of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) from the road to the forest belt is studied. From 3 m away from the expressway, forest belt has a significant reduction effect on the particulate matter pollution of the automobile exhaust; the coniferous forest has a significant reduction effect on the particulate matter. Residents living on both sides of the urban expressway suffer from more seriously particulate pollution, and automobile exhaust is one of the important factors for increasing the concentration of particulate pollutants.
The hazards of particulate matters, especially PM_(10), PM_(2.5) on the animals, plant and human health are very obvious.The rational allocation of the city expressway greening is of great significance in improving the living environment of oasis cities in arid areas. In this paper, the main expressway, outer ring road and river beach road in Urumqi are taken as the research object. By setting the monitoring points at different widths of road shelterbelts, the change of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) from the road to the forest belt is studied. From 3 m away from the expressway, forest belt has a significant reduction effect on the particulate matter pollution of the automobile exhaust; the coniferous forest has a significant reduction effect on the particulate matter. Residents living on both sides of the urban expressway suffer from more seriously particulate pollution, and automobile exhaust is one of the important factors for increasing the concentration of particulate pollutants.
引文
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[17]阿丽亚拜都热拉,玉米提哈力克,塔依尔江艾山,等.干旱区绿洲城市主要绿化树种最大滞尘量对比研究[J].林业科学,2015,51(3):57-64.Aliya B,Yumiti H,Tayierjiang A,et al.Maximum dust retention of main greening trees in arid land oasis cities[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2015,51(3):57-64.
[18]王嫣然,张学霞,赵静瑶,等.2013-2014年北京地区PM2.5时空分布规律及其与植被覆盖度关系的研究[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(1):103-111.
[19]李冬梅.北京市常见绿化树种滞尘能力的多尺度分析[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.Li Dongmei.The Multi-scale Analysis of the Dust Retention Ability of Common Green Tree Species in Beijing[D].Beijing:Forestry University of Beijing,2016.
[20]韩茜,魏文寿,刘明哲,等.气流输送对乌鲁木齐市PM2.5、PM10和PM1.0质量浓度的影响[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(1):223-230.Han Xi,Wei Wenshou,Liu Mingzhe,et al.The influences of airflow on the concentration of PM10,PM2.5and PM1.0in Urumqi[J].China Desert,2013,33(1):223-230.
[21]赵克明.焚风对乌鲁木齐冬季大气污染的影响探析[D].兰州:兰州大学,2016.Zhao Keming.Studies on the Influence of Foehn on Air Pollution over Urumqi in Winter[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2016.
[22]赵晨曦,王玉杰,王云琦,等.细颗粒物(PM2.5)与植被关系的研究综述[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(8):2203-2210.
[2]吴鹏.城市路网机动车污染物排放的监测方法研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2017.Wu Peng.Study on Monitoring Method of Vehicle Emission on Urban Road Network[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2017.
[3]殷杉,蔡静萍,陈丽萍,等.交通绿化带植物配置对空气颗粒物的净化效益[J].生态学报,2007,27(11):4590-4595.Ying Bin,Cai Jingping,Chen Liping,et al.Effects of vegetation status in urban green spaces on particles removal in canyon street atmosphere[J].Acta Ecologica Ainica,2007,27(11):4590-4595.
[4]胡敏,唐倩,彭剑飞,等.我国大气颗粒物来源及特征分析[J].环境与可持续发展,2011,36(5):15-19.Hu Min,Tang Qian,Peng Jianfei,et al.Study on characterization of source apportionment of atmospheric particulate matter in China[J].Environment and Sustainable Development,2011,36(5):15-19.
[5]黄德生,张世秋.京津冀地区控制PM2.5污染的健康效益评估[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(1):166-174.Huang Desheng,Zhang Shiqiu.Health benefit evaluation for PM2.5pollution control in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(1):166-174.
[6]乌鲁木齐市统计局.2016年乌鲁木齐市国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].http://tjj.urumqi.gov.cn/tzgg/312834.htm.Urumqi Statistics Bureau.Statistical Bulletin of the National Economic and Social Development of Urumqi in 2016[EB/OL].http://tjj.urumqi.gov.cn/tzgg/312834.htm.
[7]马雯,李艳红,侯小刚.乌鲁木齐市冬季采暖期对流层NO2柱浓度变化特征[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(8):1351-1355.Ma Wen,Li Yanhong,Hou Xiaogang.Characteristics of atmospheric NO2vertical column densities in heating period of Urumqi[J].Ecology and Environmental Science,2016,25(8):1351-1355.
[8]师浩凌.乌鲁木齐市大气污染状况及主要污染源分析[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2012.Shi Haoling.Analysis of Air Pollution Status and Major Pollutants Sources in Urumqi[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2012.
[9]2016年新疆维吾尔自治区环境状况公报[EB/OL].http://www.xjepb.gov.cn/xjepb/_296/_304/index.html.Environmental Status Bulletin of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2016[EB/OL].http://www.xjepb.gov.cn/xjepb/_296/_304/index.html.
[10]张克磊.乌鲁木齐市PM2.5的时空格局及其变化特征[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2014.Zhang Kelei.Spatial and Temporal Changes of PM2.5in Urumqi[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2014.
[11]王会霞,王彦辉,杨佳,等.不同绿化树种滞留PM2.5等颗粒污染物能力的多尺度比较[J].林业科学,2015,51(7):9-19.
[12]张志丹,席本野,曹治国.植物叶片吸滞PM2.5等大气颗粒物定量研究方法初探:以毛白杨为例[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(8):2238-2242.Zhang Zhidan,Xi Benye,Cao Zhiguo.Exploration of a quantitative methodology to characterize the retention of PM2.5and other atmospheric particulate matter by plant leaves:taking Populus tomentosa as an example[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(8):2238-2242.
[13]Gayle SW Hagler,Lin Mingyeng,Andrey Khlystov,et al.Field investigation of roadside vegetative and structural barrier impact on near-road ultra-fine particle concentrations under a variety of wind conditions[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,419:7-15.
[14]Thurston GD,Ito K,Lall R.A source apportionment of U.S.fine particulate matter air pollution[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45:3924-3936.
[15]阿丽亚拜都热拉,玉米提哈力克,迪丽努尔.阿克苏市常见绿化树种叶面尘粒径特征[J].北方园艺,2016(10):63-69.Aliya B,Yumiti H,Dilinuer.The foliar dust size characteristics of greening trees in Aksu[J].Northwest Horticulture,2016(10):63-69.
[16]玛依热热夏提,晓开提依不拉音.乌鲁木齐市大气细颗粒物PM2.5污染成分特征[J].新疆医科大学学报,2016,39(5):635-639.Mayire R,Xiaokaiti Y.The distribution features of the airborne fine particulate matter PM2.5ingredients and source analysis in Urumqi[J].Journal of Xinjiang Medical University,2016,39(5):635-639.
[17]阿丽亚拜都热拉,玉米提哈力克,塔依尔江艾山,等.干旱区绿洲城市主要绿化树种最大滞尘量对比研究[J].林业科学,2015,51(3):57-64.Aliya B,Yumiti H,Tayierjiang A,et al.Maximum dust retention of main greening trees in arid land oasis cities[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2015,51(3):57-64.
[18]王嫣然,张学霞,赵静瑶,等.2013-2014年北京地区PM2.5时空分布规律及其与植被覆盖度关系的研究[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(1):103-111.
[19]李冬梅.北京市常见绿化树种滞尘能力的多尺度分析[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.Li Dongmei.The Multi-scale Analysis of the Dust Retention Ability of Common Green Tree Species in Beijing[D].Beijing:Forestry University of Beijing,2016.
[20]韩茜,魏文寿,刘明哲,等.气流输送对乌鲁木齐市PM2.5、PM10和PM1.0质量浓度的影响[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(1):223-230.Han Xi,Wei Wenshou,Liu Mingzhe,et al.The influences of airflow on the concentration of PM10,PM2.5and PM1.0in Urumqi[J].China Desert,2013,33(1):223-230.
[21]赵克明.焚风对乌鲁木齐冬季大气污染的影响探析[D].兰州:兰州大学,2016.Zhao Keming.Studies on the Influence of Foehn on Air Pollution over Urumqi in Winter[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2016.
[22]赵晨曦,王玉杰,王云琦,等.细颗粒物(PM2.5)与植被关系的研究综述[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(8):2203-2210.