饲料添加剂对感染球虫肉鸡早期肠道健康的影响
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摘要
为探讨饲料添加剂对球虫感染肉鸡早期肠道健康的影响,选取400只1日龄健康AA肉公鸡为研究对象,随机分为4组各5个重复,每个重复10羽。4组分别为基础日粮组、基础日粮+0.08%抗生素组、基础日粮+0.05%益生菌组及基础日粮+1%绿茶粉组。每组肉鸡14日龄时分别灌喂1mL(5×10~4)柔嫩艾美尔球虫和生理盐水。每2周空腹称重1次。分别于球虫侵染后的第4、7、10天收集粪便,用于球虫卵计数。于19、24日龄每组的5个重复中各取1只,共屠宰40只鸡,检测各肠段长度和重量,并截取其2cm十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠用于制作切片。结果表明:球虫侵染第10天时,抗生素组和益生菌组的虫卵数显著低于对照组(P<0.05),绿茶粉组球虫虫卵数低于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);饲料中添加1%绿茶粉降低肉鸡早期(0~14d)增重(P<0.05),肉鸡第15~28天增重在各饲料添加剂组间无显著差异;益生菌组回肠长度显著高于其它各组(P<0.05),回肠壁厚显著低于对照组与绿茶粉组(P<0.05),与抗生素组差异不显著;绿茶粉组回肠壁厚、绒毛长度、隐窝深度、绒隐比和盲肠壁厚与各组间均无显著性差异。综上,球虫感染影响肉鸡肠道发育,导致空肠发育缓慢,盲肠壁增厚。绿茶粉可以缓解因球虫感染导致的体重下降,但对肉鸡早期(0~14d)生长发育无显著促进作用。益生菌不影响肉鸡15~28日龄增重,并减少球虫感染后粪便中的虫卵数。
To investigate the effects of feed additives on the early intestinal health of broiler chickens affected by coccidiosis,a total of 400 healthy 1-day-old AA broilers were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups consisting of 5 replicates with 10 in each.Four treatments were basal diet,basal diet+ 0.08% antibiotics,basal diet+ 0.05%probiotics and basal diet+1% green tea powder.At 14 days old,each group was intragastrically administered with1 mL(5×10~4)Eimeria tenella and saline.The broiler's body weight was recorded every two weeks after 12 hfasting.Their feces were collected on day 4,7 and 10 dafter coccidial challenge for egg counting.One broiler from each replicate was sampled at the age of 19 and 25 dfor intestine measurement,respectively.A total of 40 chickens were taken.and 2 cm of intestine was collected and fixed in 10% formalin.The egg number of broilers fed with diet containing antibiotics or probiotics was significantly lower than those fed with basal diet P<0.05 10 days after coccidial challenge.The egg number of broilers fed with diet containing green tea powder was significantly lower than those fed with basal diet(P>0.05).The broilers fed with diet containing green tea powder exhibited significant lowerbody weight at 14 dthan those fed with basal diet or antibiotic supplementation(P<0.05).However,the body weight exhibited no significant difference among different groups of broilers at 28 d.The length of ileum of broilers fed diet containing probiotics was longer than those in other groups(P<0.05).And the thickness of ileum was significantly lower than those fed with basal diet or diet containing green tea powder.In conclusion,coccidial infection led to slower growth of jejunum and thickened cecum.The green tea powder addition alleviated the body weight loss caused by coccidiosis while exhibited no effect on the early growth promotion of broiler before the age of 14 days.The probiotics did not affect the weight gain of broilers from 15 to 28 days of age and reduced the number of eggs in feces after coccidia infection.
To investigate the effects of feed additives on the early intestinal health of broiler chickens affected by coccidiosis,a total of 400 healthy 1-day-old AA broilers were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups consisting of 5 replicates with 10 in each.Four treatments were basal diet,basal diet+ 0.08% antibiotics,basal diet+ 0.05%probiotics and basal diet+1% green tea powder.At 14 days old,each group was intragastrically administered with1 mL(5×10~4)Eimeria tenella and saline.The broiler's body weight was recorded every two weeks after 12 hfasting.Their feces were collected on day 4,7 and 10 dafter coccidial challenge for egg counting.One broiler from each replicate was sampled at the age of 19 and 25 dfor intestine measurement,respectively.A total of 40 chickens were taken.and 2 cm of intestine was collected and fixed in 10% formalin.The egg number of broilers fed with diet containing antibiotics or probiotics was significantly lower than those fed with basal diet P<0.05 10 days after coccidial challenge.The egg number of broilers fed with diet containing green tea powder was significantly lower than those fed with basal diet(P>0.05).The broilers fed with diet containing green tea powder exhibited significant lowerbody weight at 14 dthan those fed with basal diet or antibiotic supplementation(P<0.05).However,the body weight exhibited no significant difference among different groups of broilers at 28 d.The length of ileum of broilers fed diet containing probiotics was longer than those in other groups(P<0.05).And the thickness of ileum was significantly lower than those fed with basal diet or diet containing green tea powder.In conclusion,coccidial infection led to slower growth of jejunum and thickened cecum.The green tea powder addition alleviated the body weight loss caused by coccidiosis while exhibited no effect on the early growth promotion of broiler before the age of 14 days.The probiotics did not affect the weight gain of broilers from 15 to 28 days of age and reduced the number of eggs in feces after coccidia infection.
引文
[1] Sharman P A,Smith N C,Wallach M G,Katrib M.Chasing the golden egg:Vaccination against poultry coccidiosis[J].Parasite Immunology,2010,32(8):590-598
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[4] Abbas R Z,Iqbal Z,Blake D,Khan M N,Saleemi M K.Anticoccidial drug resistance in fowl coccidia:The state of play revisited[J].World’s Poultry Science Journal,2011,67(2):337-350
[5] Hormannsperger G,Haller D.Molecular crosstalk of probiotic bacteria with the intestinal immune system:Clinical relevance in the context of inflammatory bowel disease[J].International Journal of Medical Microbiology,2010,300(1):63-73
[6] Fonseca B B,Beletti M E,Silva M S D,Silva P L D,Duarte I N,Rossi D A.Microbiota of the cecum,ileum morphometry,pH of the crop and performance of broiler chickens supplemented with probiotics[J]. RevistaBrasileira De zootecnia,2010,39(8):1756-1760
[7]Dalloul R A,Lillehoj H S,Shellem T A,Doerr J A.Enhanced mucosal immunity against Eimeria acervulina in broilers fed a Lactobacillus-based probiotic[J].Poultry Science,2003,82(1):62-66
[8]Quirozcastaneda R E,Dantangonzalez E.Controlof avian coccidiosis:Future and present natural alternatives[J].Biomed Research International,2015,2015:430610
[9] Yim D,Kang S S,Kim S H,Lillehoj H S,Min W.Protective effects of Aloevera-based diets in Eimeria maxima-infected broiler chickens[J].Experimental Parasitology,2011,127(1):322-5
[10]彭广辉.中草药防治鸡球虫病研究进展[J].养禽与禽病防治,1999(11):19-20Peng G H.Research progress on prevention and cure of chicken coccidiosis by Chinese herbal medicine[J].Poultry and poultry disease control,1991(11):19-20(in Chinese)
[11] Zhang D F,Sun BB,Yue Y Y,Yu H J,Zhang H L,Zhou Q J,Du A F.Anticoccidial effect of halofuginone hydrobromide against Eimeria tenella with associatedhistology[J].Parasitology Research,2012,111(2):695-701
[12]杜会茹,张越,马东来,蒋翠岚.抗球虫药常山酮的研究进展[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2013(3):29-31She H R,Zhang Y,Ma D L,Jiang C L.Advances in research on the anti-coccidial drug[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2013(3):29-31(in Chinese)
[13]杨静静,平志光,张立艳,刘洋洋,肖传明.复合植物提取物治疗复合植物提取物治疗鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的研究[J].饲料工业,2015,(s2):47-50Yang JJ,Ping Z G,Zhang L Y,Liu Y Y,Xiao C M.Study on the treatment of Eimeria tenella with compound plant extracts by compound plant extracts[J].Feed Industry,2015,(S2):47-50(in Chinese)
[14]张娇蕊,周裔彬,耿照玉.日粮中添加绿茶粉对白羽肉鸡肠道菌群的影响[J].山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2015,35(4):426-429Zhang J R,Zhou Y B,Geng Z Y.Effects of green tea supplemented diets on microflora community of broiler chicken[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition,2015,35(4):426-429(in Chinese)
[15]蔡海莹,汪丽伟,徐晓娟,宛晓春,周裔斌,张鑫.茶多酚抗柔嫩艾美尔球虫的效果及作用机制[J].中国兽医学报,2014,34(3):427-430,470Cai H Y,Wang L W,Xu X J,Wan X C,Zhou Y B,Zhang X.Effect of tea polyphenol on anti-Eimeria tenella[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2014,35(4):427-430(in Chinese)
[16]李登辉.茶多酚对感染球虫肉鸡肠道微生态影响及其作用机理研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学学报,2015Li D H.Theinfluence of tea polyphenol on the intestinal microecology of broiler by Eimeria challenge[D].Hefei:Anhui Agricultural University,2015(in Chinese)
[17]徐晓娟,蔡海莹,卫洋洋,张磊.茶多酚和茶皂素体外抗柔嫩艾美尔球虫的研究[J].中国饲料,2011(6):18-21Xu X J,Cai H Y,Wei Y Y,Zhang L.Study of tea saponin and tea polyphenol on the Eimeria tenella sporogony of coccidian ocyts in vitro[J].China Feed,2011(6):18-21(in Chinese)
[18] Zulkifli I,Abdulllah N,Azrin N M,Ho Y W.Growth performance and immune response of two commercial broiler strains fed diets containing Lactobacillus cultures and oxytertracycline under heat stress conditions[J].British Poultry Science,2000,41(5):593-597
[19]Yeo J,Kim K I.Effect of feeding diets containing an antibiotic,a probiotic,or yucca extract on growth and intestinal urease activity in broiler chicks[J].Poultry Science,1997,76(2):381-385
[20] Lima A C F D,Pizauro Junior J M,Macari M,Malheiros E B.Effect of supplementation on performance and digestive enzymes activity of broiler chickens[J],RevistaBrasileira De Zootecnia,2003,32(1):200-207
[21]李丽莉.超微绿茶粉对快大型优质鸡脂类代谢及免疫机能的影响[D].广西大学,2007Li L L.Effect of green tea powder on lipometablism and immunity function of quality chickens[D]. Guangxi University,2007(in Chinese)
[22] Kaneko K,Yamasaki K,Tagawa Y,Tokunaga M,Tobisa M,Fueuse M.Effects of Japanese tea(green tea)on the growth and fat deposition of the broiler[J].Japanese of Poultry Science,2000,37(6):349-356
[23]雷燕.益生菌对肉鸡生产性能、消化道生理及肠道微生物区系的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2009Lei Y. Effectsof probiotics on performance,intestinal physiology and the microflora in the intestine of broilers[D].Yaan:Sichuan Agricultural University,2009(in Chinese)
[24]卢亚萍.微生物发酵豆粕(FSBM)对断奶仔猪生长、消化及免疫功能的影响[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006Lu Y P.TheEffect of fermented soybean meal on growth performance,digestive and immune function of weaned piglets[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2006(in Chinese)
[25] Zhou J S,Shu Q,Rutherfurd K J,Prasad J,Gopal P K,Gill H S.Acute oral toxicity and bacterial translocation studies on potentially probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2000,38(2-3):153-161
[26] Ballongue J.Bifidobacteria and Probiotic Action[M].New York:Marcel Dekker,1998
[27]杨桂连,杨军,黄海斌,杨文涛,姜延龙,石春卫,王春凤.乳酸菌复合制剂对柔嫩艾美尔球虫感染雏鸡免疫水平的影响剂免疫保护效果评价[J].中国兽医科学,2017,47(06):733-738Yang G L,Yang J,Huang H B,Yang W T,Jiang Y L,Shi C W,Wang C F.Evaluation of immune protective effects of Lactobacillus compound preparation against Eimeria tenella infection in chickens[J].Chinese Veterinary Science,2017,47(06):733-738(in Chinese)
[28] Lee S,Lillehoj H S,Park D W,Hong Y H,Lin J J.Effects of pediococcus-and saccharomyces-based probiotic(mitomax)on coccidiosis in broiler chickens[J].Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases,2007,3(4):261-268
[2] Shirley M W,Smith A L,Tomley F M.The biology of avian Eimeria with an emphasis on their control by vaccination[J].Advances in Parasitology,2005,60(60):285
[3] Williams R B.A compartmentalised model for the estimation of the cost of coccidiosis to the world’s chicken production industry[J].International Journal for Parasitology,1999,29(8):1209-1229
[4] Abbas R Z,Iqbal Z,Blake D,Khan M N,Saleemi M K.Anticoccidial drug resistance in fowl coccidia:The state of play revisited[J].World’s Poultry Science Journal,2011,67(2):337-350
[5] Hormannsperger G,Haller D.Molecular crosstalk of probiotic bacteria with the intestinal immune system:Clinical relevance in the context of inflammatory bowel disease[J].International Journal of Medical Microbiology,2010,300(1):63-73
[6] Fonseca B B,Beletti M E,Silva M S D,Silva P L D,Duarte I N,Rossi D A.Microbiota of the cecum,ileum morphometry,pH of the crop and performance of broiler chickens supplemented with probiotics[J]. RevistaBrasileira De zootecnia,2010,39(8):1756-1760
[7]Dalloul R A,Lillehoj H S,Shellem T A,Doerr J A.Enhanced mucosal immunity against Eimeria acervulina in broilers fed a Lactobacillus-based probiotic[J].Poultry Science,2003,82(1):62-66
[8]Quirozcastaneda R E,Dantangonzalez E.Controlof avian coccidiosis:Future and present natural alternatives[J].Biomed Research International,2015,2015:430610
[9] Yim D,Kang S S,Kim S H,Lillehoj H S,Min W.Protective effects of Aloevera-based diets in Eimeria maxima-infected broiler chickens[J].Experimental Parasitology,2011,127(1):322-5
[10]彭广辉.中草药防治鸡球虫病研究进展[J].养禽与禽病防治,1999(11):19-20Peng G H.Research progress on prevention and cure of chicken coccidiosis by Chinese herbal medicine[J].Poultry and poultry disease control,1991(11):19-20(in Chinese)
[11] Zhang D F,Sun BB,Yue Y Y,Yu H J,Zhang H L,Zhou Q J,Du A F.Anticoccidial effect of halofuginone hydrobromide against Eimeria tenella with associatedhistology[J].Parasitology Research,2012,111(2):695-701
[12]杜会茹,张越,马东来,蒋翠岚.抗球虫药常山酮的研究进展[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2013(3):29-31She H R,Zhang Y,Ma D L,Jiang C L.Advances in research on the anti-coccidial drug[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2013(3):29-31(in Chinese)
[13]杨静静,平志光,张立艳,刘洋洋,肖传明.复合植物提取物治疗复合植物提取物治疗鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的研究[J].饲料工业,2015,(s2):47-50Yang JJ,Ping Z G,Zhang L Y,Liu Y Y,Xiao C M.Study on the treatment of Eimeria tenella with compound plant extracts by compound plant extracts[J].Feed Industry,2015,(S2):47-50(in Chinese)
[14]张娇蕊,周裔彬,耿照玉.日粮中添加绿茶粉对白羽肉鸡肠道菌群的影响[J].山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2015,35(4):426-429Zhang J R,Zhou Y B,Geng Z Y.Effects of green tea supplemented diets on microflora community of broiler chicken[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition,2015,35(4):426-429(in Chinese)
[15]蔡海莹,汪丽伟,徐晓娟,宛晓春,周裔斌,张鑫.茶多酚抗柔嫩艾美尔球虫的效果及作用机制[J].中国兽医学报,2014,34(3):427-430,470Cai H Y,Wang L W,Xu X J,Wan X C,Zhou Y B,Zhang X.Effect of tea polyphenol on anti-Eimeria tenella[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2014,35(4):427-430(in Chinese)
[16]李登辉.茶多酚对感染球虫肉鸡肠道微生态影响及其作用机理研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学学报,2015Li D H.Theinfluence of tea polyphenol on the intestinal microecology of broiler by Eimeria challenge[D].Hefei:Anhui Agricultural University,2015(in Chinese)
[17]徐晓娟,蔡海莹,卫洋洋,张磊.茶多酚和茶皂素体外抗柔嫩艾美尔球虫的研究[J].中国饲料,2011(6):18-21Xu X J,Cai H Y,Wei Y Y,Zhang L.Study of tea saponin and tea polyphenol on the Eimeria tenella sporogony of coccidian ocyts in vitro[J].China Feed,2011(6):18-21(in Chinese)
[18] Zulkifli I,Abdulllah N,Azrin N M,Ho Y W.Growth performance and immune response of two commercial broiler strains fed diets containing Lactobacillus cultures and oxytertracycline under heat stress conditions[J].British Poultry Science,2000,41(5):593-597
[19]Yeo J,Kim K I.Effect of feeding diets containing an antibiotic,a probiotic,or yucca extract on growth and intestinal urease activity in broiler chicks[J].Poultry Science,1997,76(2):381-385
[20] Lima A C F D,Pizauro Junior J M,Macari M,Malheiros E B.Effect of supplementation on performance and digestive enzymes activity of broiler chickens[J],RevistaBrasileira De Zootecnia,2003,32(1):200-207
[21]李丽莉.超微绿茶粉对快大型优质鸡脂类代谢及免疫机能的影响[D].广西大学,2007Li L L.Effect of green tea powder on lipometablism and immunity function of quality chickens[D]. Guangxi University,2007(in Chinese)
[22] Kaneko K,Yamasaki K,Tagawa Y,Tokunaga M,Tobisa M,Fueuse M.Effects of Japanese tea(green tea)on the growth and fat deposition of the broiler[J].Japanese of Poultry Science,2000,37(6):349-356
[23]雷燕.益生菌对肉鸡生产性能、消化道生理及肠道微生物区系的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2009Lei Y. Effectsof probiotics on performance,intestinal physiology and the microflora in the intestine of broilers[D].Yaan:Sichuan Agricultural University,2009(in Chinese)
[24]卢亚萍.微生物发酵豆粕(FSBM)对断奶仔猪生长、消化及免疫功能的影响[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006Lu Y P.TheEffect of fermented soybean meal on growth performance,digestive and immune function of weaned piglets[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2006(in Chinese)
[25] Zhou J S,Shu Q,Rutherfurd K J,Prasad J,Gopal P K,Gill H S.Acute oral toxicity and bacterial translocation studies on potentially probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2000,38(2-3):153-161
[26] Ballongue J.Bifidobacteria and Probiotic Action[M].New York:Marcel Dekker,1998
[27]杨桂连,杨军,黄海斌,杨文涛,姜延龙,石春卫,王春凤.乳酸菌复合制剂对柔嫩艾美尔球虫感染雏鸡免疫水平的影响剂免疫保护效果评价[J].中国兽医科学,2017,47(06):733-738Yang G L,Yang J,Huang H B,Yang W T,Jiang Y L,Shi C W,Wang C F.Evaluation of immune protective effects of Lactobacillus compound preparation against Eimeria tenella infection in chickens[J].Chinese Veterinary Science,2017,47(06):733-738(in Chinese)
[28] Lee S,Lillehoj H S,Park D W,Hong Y H,Lin J J.Effects of pediococcus-and saccharomyces-based probiotic(mitomax)on coccidiosis in broiler chickens[J].Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases,2007,3(4):261-268