四川盆地龙岗东地区长兴组生物礁储层多期流体充注及油气成藏过程
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摘要
基于四川盆地龙岗东地区长兴组礁滩储层的充注序列、流体包裹体、激光拉曼分析,对比潜在烃源岩生物标志化合物,认为长兴组储层存在多期流体充注,充填序列包括:第一期次方解石→沥青→第二期次方解石;沥青→萤石→石英→第二期次方解石等。第一期次方解石代表浅埋藏环境中正常地层流体充注;储层沥青来源于龙潭组烃源岩;萤石、石英具有异常高温,代表热液流体充注,含沥青包裹体(含油包裹体的裂解产物)富集表明热液流体充注与龙潭组生烃时期匹配;第二期次方解石代表中—深埋藏中正常地层流体充注,表明总体具有3期油气充注阶段:第一期为早侏罗世中—晚期(约190～175Ma)的少量龙马溪组天然气充注,对应长兴组地层温度约为110～130℃。第二期为中侏罗世到晚侏罗世早期(约175～160Ma)的龙潭组生油高峰期充注,形成大量含油包裹体,伴生大量含甲烷气—液两相包裹体,地层温度为130～140℃。第三期为早白垩世中晚期—晚白垩世中期(约120～90Ma)的原油裂解成气过程(地温超过160℃),伴生大量储层沥青。关键充注时期的逆断层活动是后期保存条件被破坏的主要原因。
Based on the analysis of reservoir filling sequences,fluid-inclusion and laser-Raman in Changxing reef and shoal reservoir from eastern Longgang area,combined with biomarker compound of potential source rocks,it is demonstrated that the Changxing reservoir has experienced multi-stage fluid charging.The filling sequences include:(1)First-stage calcite→bitumen→second-stage calcite,bitumen→fluorite→quartz→second-stage calcite,etc.The first-stage calcite represents the normal formation fluid charging under shallow burial environment.Reservoir bitumen is from Longtan Formation source rocks;fluorite and quartz with higher temperature represent hydrothermal fluid charging and bitumen-bearing inclusions which are thermal cracking products of oil-bearing inclusions,showing that hydrocarbon generation period matched the period of hydrothermal fluid charging.The second-stage calcite represents normal formation fluid charging in deep burial environment.All the above results illustrate that there are three important oil and gas charging events:(1)The first is Longmaxi Formation natural gas charging in late Early Jurassic(about 190-175 Ma),corresponding to Changxing Formation with temperature of about 110-130℃;(2)The second is the peak period of hydrocarbon generation of Longtan Formation from Early Jurassic to Late Jurassic(about 175-160 Ma),with formation of a large number of oil-bearing inclusions and relevant methanebearing inclusions,corresponding to Changxing Formation with temperature of about 130-140℃.The third is the process of cracking gas from crude oil(the corresponding Changxing Formation temperature is over160℃)in the middle-late Late Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous(about 120-90 Ma),with a large amount of associated reservoir bitumen.The main reason for the late preservation condition is the reverse fault activity during the key charging period.
Based on the analysis of reservoir filling sequences,fluid-inclusion and laser-Raman in Changxing reef and shoal reservoir from eastern Longgang area,combined with biomarker compound of potential source rocks,it is demonstrated that the Changxing reservoir has experienced multi-stage fluid charging.The filling sequences include:(1)First-stage calcite→bitumen→second-stage calcite,bitumen→fluorite→quartz→second-stage calcite,etc.The first-stage calcite represents the normal formation fluid charging under shallow burial environment.Reservoir bitumen is from Longtan Formation source rocks;fluorite and quartz with higher temperature represent hydrothermal fluid charging and bitumen-bearing inclusions which are thermal cracking products of oil-bearing inclusions,showing that hydrocarbon generation period matched the period of hydrothermal fluid charging.The second-stage calcite represents normal formation fluid charging in deep burial environment.All the above results illustrate that there are three important oil and gas charging events:(1)The first is Longmaxi Formation natural gas charging in late Early Jurassic(about 190-175 Ma),corresponding to Changxing Formation with temperature of about 110-130℃;(2)The second is the peak period of hydrocarbon generation of Longtan Formation from Early Jurassic to Late Jurassic(about 175-160 Ma),with formation of a large number of oil-bearing inclusions and relevant methanebearing inclusions,corresponding to Changxing Formation with temperature of about 130-140℃.The third is the process of cracking gas from crude oil(the corresponding Changxing Formation temperature is over160℃)in the middle-late Late Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous(about 120-90 Ma),with a large amount of associated reservoir bitumen.The main reason for the late preservation condition is the reverse fault activity during the key charging period.
引文
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