浙江省蜡梅野生种群种实表型性状变异及其与土壤相关因子的关系
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摘要
测定了浙江省(富阳的龙王坎、碧东山和五尖山以及临安的方山)4个蜡梅[Chimonanthus praecox(Linn.)Link]野生种群种实11个表型性状及土壤元素含量和p H值;在此基础上,对表型性状进行相关性分析和主成分分析,对供试种群进行聚类分析,并进行了表型性状与土壤相关因子的灰色关联度分析。结果表明:在11个表型性状中,除种子千粒质量外,种群间其他表型性状均有显著或极显著差异,其中,富阳碧东山种群的多项指标值均最大;各表型性状的变异系数差异明显(6.97%~45.72%,均值为19.98%),按变异程度由大到小依次排序为单果种子数、单果质量、单果果壳质量、果实长、果实宽、果形系数、果口直径、种形系数、种子宽、种子长、种子千粒质量;种群间表型分化系数均值为14.83%;11个表型性状中,种形系数和种子千粒质量与其他表型性状的相关性均较小,而果实长、果实宽、果口直径、单果质量、单果果壳质量和单果种子数间均存在极显著相关性。4个种群的土壤元素含量差异明显,土壤均呈弱碱性;各表型性状与同一土壤因子的关联度系数差异较小,但不同土壤因子与同一表型性状的关联度系数差异明显,关联度系数均值从大到小依次为p H值、Na含量、K含量、Cu含量、Mn含量、Ca含量、Mg含量、N含量、Fe含量、P含量、Zn含量。主成分分析结果表明:单果果壳质量、果实宽、单果质量、果实长、种子长、种形系数和种子千粒质量对蜡梅野生种群种实表型性状变异起主要作用。通过聚类分析,可将供试4个蜡梅野生种群分为3组,其中,临安方山和富阳龙王坎2个种群归为一组,另2个种群各自独立成组,聚类分析结果与种群间的地理距离无关。研究结果表明:浙江省蜡梅野生种群种实表型性状变异丰富,以种群内变异占主导地位,遗传特性是其表型性状变异的主要因子,且表型性状变异与多个土壤因子的综合作用相关。
Eleven phenotypic traits of seed and fruit,soil element contents and p H value of four wild populations of Chimonanthus praecox( Linn.) Link in Zhejiang Province( Longwangkan,Bidongshan and Wujianshan of Fuyang,and Fangshan of Lin'an) were measured. On this basis,analyses on correlation and principal component of phenotypic traits,cluster analysis on tested populations,and grey correlation degree analysis on phenotypic traits with soil related factors were conducted. The results show that in eleven phenotypic traits,there are significant or extremely significant differences in other phenotypic traits except 1 000-grain weight of seed among populations,in which,multiple index values of population from Bidongshan of Fuyang are the largest,its coefficient of each phenotypic trait variation shows an obvious difference( 6. 97%-45. 72%,with average of 19. 98%),according to variation degree,the list from big to small is seed number per fruit,weight per fruit,pericarp weight per fruit,fruit length,fruit width,coefficient of fruit form,fruit gap diameter,coefficient of seed form,seed width,seed length,1 000-grain weight of seed; average of phenotypic differentiation coefficient is 14. 83% among populations; in eleven phenotypic traits,there is a less correlation of coefficient of seed form and 1 000-grain weight of seed with other phenotypic traits,while there are extremely significant correlations among fruit length,fruit width,fruit gap diameter,weight per fruit,pericarp weight per fruit,and seed number per fruit. Soil element contents of four populations show an obvious difference, the soil is weakly alkaline. The difference of correlation degree coefficient of each phenotypic trait with the same soil factor is small,but that is obvious with different soil factors,and average of correlation degree coefficient from big to small is p H value,Na content,K content,Cu content,Mn content,Ca content,Mg content,N content,Fe content,P content,Zn content. The principal component analysis result shows that pericarp weight per fruit,fruit width,weight per fruit,fruit length,seed length,coefficient of seed form,and 1 000-grain weight of seed play a major role in seed and fruit phenotypic trait variation of wild populations of C.praecox. According to cluster analysis,four wild populations of C. praecox tested can be classified into three groups,in which,two populations from Fangshan of Lin'an and Longwangkan of Fuyang can be classified in one group,other two groups are independently grouped,the cluster analysis result shows no connection with geographical distance of populations. It is suggested that there are rich phenotypic trait variation in seed and fruit of wild populations of C. praecox in Zhejiang Province,variation within population is dominant,and hereditary character is the main factor of phenotypic trait variation,and phenotypic trait variation is associated with the synthesis action of multiple soil factors.
Eleven phenotypic traits of seed and fruit,soil element contents and p H value of four wild populations of Chimonanthus praecox( Linn.) Link in Zhejiang Province( Longwangkan,Bidongshan and Wujianshan of Fuyang,and Fangshan of Lin'an) were measured. On this basis,analyses on correlation and principal component of phenotypic traits,cluster analysis on tested populations,and grey correlation degree analysis on phenotypic traits with soil related factors were conducted. The results show that in eleven phenotypic traits,there are significant or extremely significant differences in other phenotypic traits except 1 000-grain weight of seed among populations,in which,multiple index values of population from Bidongshan of Fuyang are the largest,its coefficient of each phenotypic trait variation shows an obvious difference( 6. 97%-45. 72%,with average of 19. 98%),according to variation degree,the list from big to small is seed number per fruit,weight per fruit,pericarp weight per fruit,fruit length,fruit width,coefficient of fruit form,fruit gap diameter,coefficient of seed form,seed width,seed length,1 000-grain weight of seed; average of phenotypic differentiation coefficient is 14. 83% among populations; in eleven phenotypic traits,there is a less correlation of coefficient of seed form and 1 000-grain weight of seed with other phenotypic traits,while there are extremely significant correlations among fruit length,fruit width,fruit gap diameter,weight per fruit,pericarp weight per fruit,and seed number per fruit. Soil element contents of four populations show an obvious difference, the soil is weakly alkaline. The difference of correlation degree coefficient of each phenotypic trait with the same soil factor is small,but that is obvious with different soil factors,and average of correlation degree coefficient from big to small is p H value,Na content,K content,Cu content,Mn content,Ca content,Mg content,N content,Fe content,P content,Zn content. The principal component analysis result shows that pericarp weight per fruit,fruit width,weight per fruit,fruit length,seed length,coefficient of seed form,and 1 000-grain weight of seed play a major role in seed and fruit phenotypic trait variation of wild populations of C.praecox. According to cluster analysis,four wild populations of C. praecox tested can be classified into three groups,in which,two populations from Fangshan of Lin'an and Longwangkan of Fuyang can be classified in one group,other two groups are independently grouped,the cluster analysis result shows no connection with geographical distance of populations. It is suggested that there are rich phenotypic trait variation in seed and fruit of wild populations of C. praecox in Zhejiang Province,variation within population is dominant,and hereditary character is the main factor of phenotypic trait variation,and phenotypic trait variation is associated with the synthesis action of multiple soil factors.
引文
[1]李伟,林富荣,郑勇奇,等.皂荚南方天然种群种实表型多样性[J].植物生态学报,2013,37(1):61-69.
[2]孙玉玲,李庆梅,杨敬元,等.秦岭冷杉球果与种子的形态变异[J].生态学报,2005,25(1):176-181.
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[4]柯文山,钟章成,席红安,等.四川大头茶地理种群种子大小变异对萌发、幼苗特征的影响[J].生态学报,2000,20(4):697-701.
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[9]张文标,金则新.夏蜡梅果实和种子形态变异及其与环境因子相关性[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2007,34(6):689-695.
[10]蔡琰琳,金则新.濒危植物夏蜡梅果实、种子形态变异研究[J].西北林学院学报,2008,23(3):44-49.
[11]邵文豪,刁松峰,董汝湘,等.无患子种实形态及经济性状的地理变异[J].林业科学研究,2013,26(5):603-608.
[12]李全健,王彩霞,田敏,等.浙江扇脉杓兰野生居群的表型性状变异及其与地理-土壤养分因子的相关性[J].植物资源与环境学报,2012,21(2):45-52.
[13]赵冰,张启翔.蜡梅种质资源表型多样性[J].东北林业大学学报,2007,35(5):10-13,35.
[14]明军,明刘斌.蜡梅科植物种质资源研究进展[J].北京林业大学学报,2004,26(增刊):128-135.
[15]明军,廖卉荣.蜡梅科植物种植资源研究文献分析[J].北京林业大学学报(社会科学版),2004,3(3):60-66.
[16]李根有,金水虎,楼炉焕,等.浙江省野生蜡梅数量及群落学研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2003,25(6):30-33.
[17]李根有,楼炉焕,金水虎,等.浙江省野生蜡梅群落及其区系[J].浙江林学院学报,2002,19(2):127-132.
[18]葛颂,王明庥,陈岳武.用同工酶研究马尾松群体的遗传结构[J].林业科学,1988,24(4):399-409.
[19]刘玉成,杜道林,岳泉.缙云山森林次生演替中优势种群的特性与生态因子的关联度分析[J].植物生态学报,1994,18(3):283-289.
[20]肖宜安,何平,邓洪平.井冈山长柄双花木种群形态分化的数量分析[J].武汉植物学研究,2002,20(5):365-370.
[21]张彩霞,左丹丹,赵海涛,等.蜡梅天然群体表型多样性分析[J].西南林业大学学报,2011,31(5):19-23.
[22]赵冰,张启翔.蜡梅种质资源表型多样性[J].东北林业大学学报,2007,35(5):10-13,35.
[23]陈香波,叶文国,田旗,等.夏蜡梅天然群体表型变异及分布特征[J].北京林业大学学报,2010,32(2):133-140.
[24]邓洪平,何平,钟章成.不同地理种源及演替群落的四川大头茶居群种子形态分化研究[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),1999,24(2):207-213.
[25]孙凡,钟章成.四川大头茶繁殖分配及其环境适应性的关联度研究[J].植物生态学报,1997,21(1):44-52.
[2]孙玉玲,李庆梅,杨敬元,等.秦岭冷杉球果与种子的形态变异[J].生态学报,2005,25(1):176-181.
[3]GARCIA R,SIEPIELSKI A M,BENKMAN C W.Cone and seed trait variation in whitebark pine(Pinus albicaulis;Pinaceae)and the potential for phenotypic selection[J].American Journal of Botany,2009,96(5):1050-1054.
[4]柯文山,钟章成,席红安,等.四川大头茶地理种群种子大小变异对萌发、幼苗特征的影响[J].生态学报,2000,20(4):697-701.
[5]ERIKKSON O.Seed size variation and its effects on germination and seedling performance in the clonal herb Convallaria majalis[J].Acta Oecologica,1999,20(1):61-66.
[6]KHURANA E,SINGH J S.Influence of seed size on seedling growth of Albizia procera under different soil water levels[J].Annals of Botany,2000,86(6):1185-1192.
[7]KHURANA E,SAGAR R,SINGH J S.Seed size:a key trait determining species distribution and diversity of dry tropical forest in northern India[J].Acta Oecologica,2006,29(2):196-204.
[8]李帅锋,苏建荣,刘万德,等.思茅松天然群体种实表型变异[J].植物生态学报,2013,37(11):998-1009.
[9]张文标,金则新.夏蜡梅果实和种子形态变异及其与环境因子相关性[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2007,34(6):689-695.
[10]蔡琰琳,金则新.濒危植物夏蜡梅果实、种子形态变异研究[J].西北林学院学报,2008,23(3):44-49.
[11]邵文豪,刁松峰,董汝湘,等.无患子种实形态及经济性状的地理变异[J].林业科学研究,2013,26(5):603-608.
[12]李全健,王彩霞,田敏,等.浙江扇脉杓兰野生居群的表型性状变异及其与地理-土壤养分因子的相关性[J].植物资源与环境学报,2012,21(2):45-52.
[13]赵冰,张启翔.蜡梅种质资源表型多样性[J].东北林业大学学报,2007,35(5):10-13,35.
[14]明军,明刘斌.蜡梅科植物种质资源研究进展[J].北京林业大学学报,2004,26(增刊):128-135.
[15]明军,廖卉荣.蜡梅科植物种植资源研究文献分析[J].北京林业大学学报(社会科学版),2004,3(3):60-66.
[16]李根有,金水虎,楼炉焕,等.浙江省野生蜡梅数量及群落学研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2003,25(6):30-33.
[17]李根有,楼炉焕,金水虎,等.浙江省野生蜡梅群落及其区系[J].浙江林学院学报,2002,19(2):127-132.
[18]葛颂,王明庥,陈岳武.用同工酶研究马尾松群体的遗传结构[J].林业科学,1988,24(4):399-409.
[19]刘玉成,杜道林,岳泉.缙云山森林次生演替中优势种群的特性与生态因子的关联度分析[J].植物生态学报,1994,18(3):283-289.
[20]肖宜安,何平,邓洪平.井冈山长柄双花木种群形态分化的数量分析[J].武汉植物学研究,2002,20(5):365-370.
[21]张彩霞,左丹丹,赵海涛,等.蜡梅天然群体表型多样性分析[J].西南林业大学学报,2011,31(5):19-23.
[22]赵冰,张启翔.蜡梅种质资源表型多样性[J].东北林业大学学报,2007,35(5):10-13,35.
[23]陈香波,叶文国,田旗,等.夏蜡梅天然群体表型变异及分布特征[J].北京林业大学学报,2010,32(2):133-140.
[24]邓洪平,何平,钟章成.不同地理种源及演替群落的四川大头茶居群种子形态分化研究[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),1999,24(2):207-213.
[25]孙凡,钟章成.四川大头茶繁殖分配及其环境适应性的关联度研究[J].植物生态学报,1997,21(1):44-52.