基于纤维束增强树脂基复合材料测试的单向层合板层间剪切性能的预估方法
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摘要
纤维束增强树脂基复合材料(FBC)及其单向层合板在标准Iosipescu剪切实验中表现出非常相似的破坏特征,然而测量得到的剪切强度却有明显差异。本文使用两种碳纤维和两种环氧树脂制备了3种FBC和单向层合板,对FBC剪切强度和单向层合板层间剪切强度进行了测量与分析。应用界面单元方法分析了纤维束与基体之间的界面应力场,发现FBC剪切试件中纤维束/基体界面附近的应力状态为拉剪耦合,而单向层合板中界面处于纯剪切应力状态,这一差异导致FBC剪切实验测量的强度低于单向层合板的剪切强度。本文基于Yamada-Sun强度理论建立了FBC剪切强度与单向层合板剪切强度之间的关系模型,应用该模型预测的单向层合板剪切强度与实测强度之间达到良好的一致性,相对偏差为10%左右。根据本文提出的方法,通过制样较简单的FBC试验能够预测和评估相应单向层合板的层间剪切性能。
Fiber bundle reinforced polymer composites(FBC)and unidirectional laminates demonstrate similar failure features in the standard Iosipescu shear tests.However,a considerable difference is observed between the measured shear strengths of the two kinds of specimens.In this paper,three types of FBC and unidirectional laminates were prepared using two kinds of carbon fibers and epoxy resins.The shear strength of FBC and unidirectional laminates were compared to explore the underlying mechanisms resulting in the different shear strength.It is found through the analysis of the interfacial stress field between fiber bundle and matrix using the interface element method that the interfacial stress state in FBC specimen is a coupling of tensile stress and shear stress,whereas the interface in unidirectional laminate specimen is in an ideal shear stress state.This difference makes the FBC fail at lower shear stress level.In this paper,a strength model was proposed to bridge the shear strength of FBC and unidirectional laminates using Yamada-Sun strength theory.The experimental verification shows that the shear strengths of the unidirectional laminate predicted by the proposed model reach a good agreement with the measured values,with the relative deviation of about 10%.This study provides an effective method to predict or evaluate the interlaminar shear strength of unidirectional laminates based on the tests of FBC with relatively simple sample preparation procedure.
Fiber bundle reinforced polymer composites(FBC)and unidirectional laminates demonstrate similar failure features in the standard Iosipescu shear tests.However,a considerable difference is observed between the measured shear strengths of the two kinds of specimens.In this paper,three types of FBC and unidirectional laminates were prepared using two kinds of carbon fibers and epoxy resins.The shear strength of FBC and unidirectional laminates were compared to explore the underlying mechanisms resulting in the different shear strength.It is found through the analysis of the interfacial stress field between fiber bundle and matrix using the interface element method that the interfacial stress state in FBC specimen is a coupling of tensile stress and shear stress,whereas the interface in unidirectional laminate specimen is in an ideal shear stress state.This difference makes the FBC fail at lower shear stress level.In this paper,a strength model was proposed to bridge the shear strength of FBC and unidirectional laminates using Yamada-Sun strength theory.The experimental verification shows that the shear strengths of the unidirectional laminate predicted by the proposed model reach a good agreement with the measured values,with the relative deviation of about 10%.This study provides an effective method to predict or evaluate the interlaminar shear strength of unidirectional laminates based on the tests of FBC with relatively simple sample preparation procedure.
引文
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[12] QI G,DU S,ZHANG B,et al.A new approach to assessing carbon fiber/epoxy interfacial shear strength by tensile test of45°fiber bundle composites:Experiment, modeling and applicability[J].Composites Science and Technology,2016,129:214-221.
[13]李稳,陈蔚,汤立群,等.基于纤维束复合材料试验的单向层合板横向拉伸强度预测方法[J].复合材料学报,2018,35(2):340-346.LI Wen,CHEN Wei,TANG Liqun,et al.A prediction method of transverse tensile strength of unidirectional laminates based on test of fiber bundle composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2018,35(2):340-346(in Chinese).
[14] ROSSO P,VARADI K.FE macro/micro analysis of thermal residual stresses and failure behaviour under transverse tensile load of VE/CF-fibre bundle composites[J].Composites Science and Technology,2006,66(16):3241-3253.
[15] WANG J.Accurate evaluation of the configurational forces in single-crystalline NiMnGa alloys under mechanical loading conditions[J].Acta Materialia,2016,105(2016):306-316.
[16] American Society of Testing Materials.Standard test method for shear properties of composite materials by the v-notched beam method:ASTM-D5379[S].Philadelphia:ASTM,2013.
[17]汤龙程.纳米颗粒改性环氧树脂的断裂行为及其和纤维的界面性能研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2011:119-120.TANG Longcheng.Study on fracture behavior of epoxy resin modified with nanoparticle and the fiber/matrix interfacial properites[D].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China,2011:119-120(in Chinese).
[18]刘奇.应用纤维束复合材料试验研究层合板界面性能[D].广州:华南理工大学,2015:30-34.LIU Qi.Fiber bundle testing technology and its application in performance evaluation of FRPs[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2015:30-34(in Chinese).
[19] International Organization for Standardization. PlasticsDetermination of tensile properties:Part 2—Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics:ISO-527-2[S].Switzerland:International Organization for Standardization,1993.
[20] QI G,DU S,ZHANG B,et al.Evaluation of carbon fiber/epoxy interfacial strength in transverse fiber bundle composite:Experiment and multiscale failure modeling[J].Composites Science and Technology,2014,105:1-8.
[21] LEI X.Contact friction analysis with a simple interface element[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,2001,190(2001):1955-1965.
[22] ALFANO G,CRISFIELD M A.Finite element interface models for the delamination analysis of laminated composites:Mechanical and computational issues[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,2001,50(7):1701-1736.
[23] SCHELLEKENS J C J,BORST R D.On the numerical integration of interface elements[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,1993,36(1):43-66.
[24] KALIAKIN V N,LI J.Insight into deficiencies associated with commonly used zero-thickness interface elements[J].Computers and Geotechnics,1995,17(2):225-252.
[25] COUTINHO A L G A, MARTINS M A D,SYDENSTRICKER R M,et al.Simple zero thickness kinematically consistent interface elements[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2003,30(5):347-374.
[26] VIGNOLLET J,MAY S,BORST R.On the numerical integration of isogeometric interface elements[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,2015,102(11):1733-1749.
[27] YAMADA S E,SUN C T.Analysis of laminate strength and its distribution[J].Journal of Composite Materials,1978,12(3):275-284.
[28] American Society of Testing Materials.Standard test method for tensile properties of plastics:ASTM-D638[S].Philadelphia:ASTM,2014.
[2] HERRERA-FRANCO P J,DRZAL L T.Comparison methods for the measurement of fibre/matrix adhesion in composites[J].Composites,1992,23(1):2-27.
[3] PIGGOTT M R.Why interface testing by single-fibre methods can be misleading[J].Composites Science and Technology,1997,57(8):965-974.
[4] PITKETHLY M J,FAVRE J P,GAUR U,et al.A roundrobin programme on interfacial test methods[J].Composites Science and Technology,1993,48(1-4):205-214.
[5] DENG S,QI B,HOU M,et al.Assessment of interfacial bonding between polymer threads and epoxy resin by transverse fibre bundle(TFB)tests[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2009,40(11):1698-1707.
[6]蒋震宇,张晖,刘生,等.二氧化硅纳米颗粒对碳纤维与环氧树脂基体粘合强度的增强[J].实验力学,2007,22(34):359-366.JIANG Zhenyu,ZHANG Hui,LIU Sheng,et al.Improved interfacial bonding of carbon fiber/epoxy matrix modified by well-dispersed nano-SiO2particles[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2007,22(3-4):359-366(in Chinese).
[7] OKOROAFOR E U,PRISTON A M,HILL R.Comparison of adhesion data from the single fibre composite fragmentation method to a new multi-fibre composite method[J].Instrumentation Science and Technology,1995,3(4):275-291.
[8] OKOROAFOR E U,HILL R.Determination of fibre-resin interface strength in fibre-reinforced plastics using the acoustic emission technique[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1995,28(9):1816-1825.
[9] AGEORGES C,FRIEDRICH K,YE L.Experiments to relate carbon-fibre surface treatments to composite mechanical properties[J]. Composites Science and Technology,1999,59(14):2101-2113.
[10] JIANG Z,ZHANG H,ZHANG Z,et al.Improved bonding between PAN-based carbon fibers and fullerene-modified epoxy matrix[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2008,39(11):1762-1767.
[11] ZHANG J,DENG S,WANG Y,et al.Effect of nanoparticles on interfacial properties of carbon fibre-epoxy composites[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2013,55:35-44.
[12] QI G,DU S,ZHANG B,et al.A new approach to assessing carbon fiber/epoxy interfacial shear strength by tensile test of45°fiber bundle composites:Experiment, modeling and applicability[J].Composites Science and Technology,2016,129:214-221.
[13]李稳,陈蔚,汤立群,等.基于纤维束复合材料试验的单向层合板横向拉伸强度预测方法[J].复合材料学报,2018,35(2):340-346.LI Wen,CHEN Wei,TANG Liqun,et al.A prediction method of transverse tensile strength of unidirectional laminates based on test of fiber bundle composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2018,35(2):340-346(in Chinese).
[14] ROSSO P,VARADI K.FE macro/micro analysis of thermal residual stresses and failure behaviour under transverse tensile load of VE/CF-fibre bundle composites[J].Composites Science and Technology,2006,66(16):3241-3253.
[15] WANG J.Accurate evaluation of the configurational forces in single-crystalline NiMnGa alloys under mechanical loading conditions[J].Acta Materialia,2016,105(2016):306-316.
[16] American Society of Testing Materials.Standard test method for shear properties of composite materials by the v-notched beam method:ASTM-D5379[S].Philadelphia:ASTM,2013.
[17]汤龙程.纳米颗粒改性环氧树脂的断裂行为及其和纤维的界面性能研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2011:119-120.TANG Longcheng.Study on fracture behavior of epoxy resin modified with nanoparticle and the fiber/matrix interfacial properites[D].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China,2011:119-120(in Chinese).
[18]刘奇.应用纤维束复合材料试验研究层合板界面性能[D].广州:华南理工大学,2015:30-34.LIU Qi.Fiber bundle testing technology and its application in performance evaluation of FRPs[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2015:30-34(in Chinese).
[19] International Organization for Standardization. PlasticsDetermination of tensile properties:Part 2—Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics:ISO-527-2[S].Switzerland:International Organization for Standardization,1993.
[20] QI G,DU S,ZHANG B,et al.Evaluation of carbon fiber/epoxy interfacial strength in transverse fiber bundle composite:Experiment and multiscale failure modeling[J].Composites Science and Technology,2014,105:1-8.
[21] LEI X.Contact friction analysis with a simple interface element[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,2001,190(2001):1955-1965.
[22] ALFANO G,CRISFIELD M A.Finite element interface models for the delamination analysis of laminated composites:Mechanical and computational issues[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,2001,50(7):1701-1736.
[23] SCHELLEKENS J C J,BORST R D.On the numerical integration of interface elements[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,1993,36(1):43-66.
[24] KALIAKIN V N,LI J.Insight into deficiencies associated with commonly used zero-thickness interface elements[J].Computers and Geotechnics,1995,17(2):225-252.
[25] COUTINHO A L G A, MARTINS M A D,SYDENSTRICKER R M,et al.Simple zero thickness kinematically consistent interface elements[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2003,30(5):347-374.
[26] VIGNOLLET J,MAY S,BORST R.On the numerical integration of isogeometric interface elements[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,2015,102(11):1733-1749.
[27] YAMADA S E,SUN C T.Analysis of laminate strength and its distribution[J].Journal of Composite Materials,1978,12(3):275-284.
[28] American Society of Testing Materials.Standard test method for tensile properties of plastics:ASTM-D638[S].Philadelphia:ASTM,2014.