6082铝合金转向节模锻工艺及变形规律
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摘要
以铝合金转向节的生产为例,介绍了目前铝合金转向节的生产工艺流程。使用Deform-3D软件模拟转向节模锻成形的主要工步,采用450,500和535℃(固溶时的温度)不同加热温度,研究锻造加热温度对成形过程中温度、应力、应变及金属流动等因素的影响。模拟结果表明:加热温度升高可降低锻造过程应力值,提升金属流动,降低设备所需打击力,但由于模锻过程尤其是预锻中摩擦生热较大,促使锻件局部温度上升,加热温度过高,局部易过烧。综合相关因素的影响,选取加热温度在450～500℃之间,既可降低所需载荷力大小、提高塑性,也可避免发生局部过烧,保证产品质量。取样观察450℃加热温度下试制成品,发现组织呈规则有序的纤维状,成形效果良好。
For the production of aluminium alloy steering knuckle,the current production process of aluminium alloy steering knuckle was introduced. Then,the main steps of steering knuckle die forging were simulated by software Deform-3 D,and the influences of forging heating temperature on temperature,stress,strain and metal flow in the forming process were studied at different heating temperatures of450,500 and 535 ℃( temperature at solution),respectively. The simulation results show that the increase of heating temperature can reduce the stress value in forging process,increase metal flow and reduce the impact force required by the equipment. However,due to the large amount of heat generated by friction during the die forging process,especially in the pre-forging process,the local temperature of forgings is increased. If the heating temperature is too high,it is easy to cause local over-burning. According to the influence of related factors,selecting the heating temperature of 450-500 ℃ during forging process reduces the required load force,improves plasticity,avoids local over-burning and ensure product quality. By sampling and observing the finished product at heating temperature of 450 ℃,the products display regular and organized fibrous structure,and their forming effects are good.
For the production of aluminium alloy steering knuckle,the current production process of aluminium alloy steering knuckle was introduced. Then,the main steps of steering knuckle die forging were simulated by software Deform-3 D,and the influences of forging heating temperature on temperature,stress,strain and metal flow in the forming process were studied at different heating temperatures of450,500 and 535 ℃( temperature at solution),respectively. The simulation results show that the increase of heating temperature can reduce the stress value in forging process,increase metal flow and reduce the impact force required by the equipment. However,due to the large amount of heat generated by friction during the die forging process,especially in the pre-forging process,the local temperature of forgings is increased. If the heating temperature is too high,it is easy to cause local over-burning. According to the influence of related factors,selecting the heating temperature of 450-500 ℃ during forging process reduces the required load force,improves plasticity,avoids local over-burning and ensure product quality. By sampling and observing the finished product at heating temperature of 450 ℃,the products display regular and organized fibrous structure,and their forming effects are good.
引文
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[2]王道勇,张文灿,刘军.汽车悬架铝合金控制臂的成形分析及工艺研究[J].锻压技术,2018,43(12):8-15.Wang D Y,Zhang W C,Liu J.Forming analysis and processing study on aluminum alloy control arm for automobile suspensio[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,2018,43(12):8-15.
[3]赵永军,王雪玲,王春晖,等.汽车铝合金锻件及冲挤件[J].铝加工,2011,39(4):1-10.Zhao Y J,Wang X L,Wang C H,et al.Aluminum alloy forgings and compacting components for automobiles[J].Aluminium Fabrication,2011,39(4):1-10.
[4]龙江启,兰凤崇,陈吉清.车身轻量化与钢铝一体化结构新技术的研究进展[J].机械工程学报,2008,44(6):27-35.Long J Q,Lan F C,Chen J Q.New technology of lightweight and steel-aluminum hybrid structure car body[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2008,44(6):27-35.
[5]杨昭.铝合金轴箱体锻造工艺设计与金属变形规律研究[D].济南:山东大学,2018.Yang Z.Research on Forging Process Design and Metal Deformation Law of Aluminum Alloy Axle Box[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2018.
[6]宋奇慧,肖立,赵俊玲.6061铝合金的锻造工艺改进[J].热加工工艺,2013,42(3):124-125,128.Song Q H,Xiao L,Zhao J L.Improvement of forging process of6061 aluminum alloy[J].Hot Working Technology,2013,42(3):124-125,128.
[7]王丹晨,张承基,边翊,等.锻造方法对铝合金车轮轮辐组织的影响[J].锻压技术,2018,43(5):1-5.Wang D C,Zhang C J,Bian Y,et al.Influence of forging method on microstructure of spoke for aluminum alloy wheel[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,2018,43(5):1-5.
[8]高生祥,邓丽霞,张文祥.7075铝合金的等温自由锻造温度优化[J].锻压技术,2018,43(8):8-12.Gao S X,Deng L X,Zhang W X.Optimization on isothermal open-die forging temperature for aluminum alloy 7075[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,2018,43(8):8-12.
[9]王家毅,米振莉,李辉,等.基于热加工图6082铝合金锻造工艺优化及强化机制研究[J].稀有金属,2019,43(2):113-121.Wang J Y,Mi Z L,Li H,et al.Research on isothermal forging process and strengthening mechanism of a 6082 aluminum alloy through processing map[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2019,43(2):113-121.
[10]张琦,曹苗,张帅,等.汽车轮毂铸锻一体化制造工艺[J].塑性工程学报,2014,21(2):1-6.Zhang Q,Cao M,Zhang S,et al.Integrated casting and forging process for aluminum alloy automobile wheel[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2014,21(2):1-6.
[11]葛玮,徐卫红,邹珺.基于DEFORM-3D的铝合金锻造成形过程的计算机优化研究[J].热加工工艺,2014,43(23):128-131.Ge W,Xu W H,Zou J.Study on computer optimization of forging forming process of aluminum alloy based on DEFORM-3D[J].Hot Working Technology,2014,43(23):128-131.
[12]周建,张廷杰,张小明,等.锻造方式对7075铝合金锻件动态再结晶的影响[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2004,33(8):827-830.Zhou J,Zhang T J,Zhang X M,et al.The influence of forge mode on dynamic recrystallization for 7075 aluminum alloy during forging[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2004,33(8):827-830.