两晋之际荆州江南土著武力集团兴替探微
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摘要
刘弘治理荆州时,为培植私人势力,积极拉拢、奖掖以陶侃为代表的江南寒族武人,荆州江南土著武力集团开始萌芽。晋元帝夺取荆州期间,陶侃保持中立。而其他江南土著武力集团成员,如周访、甘卓等效力于司马睿,最终助其控制了荆州。后周访、甘卓等成为司马睿在上游培植的、牵制王敦的主力,这标志着荆州江南土著武力集团的形成。晋明帝时期,明帝任陶侃为都督荆、雍、益、梁州诸军事、荆州刺史,以遏制琅邪王氏家族。至此,荆州江南土著武力集团在荆州的势力达到鼎盛。然而陶侃死后,荆州最终为庾氏家族所有。直至东晋末年,门阀士族始终控制着荆州,此为东晋政局重要特点之一。
When Liu Hong was the governor of Jingzhou,in order to foster his private power,he actively roped in,rewarded and promoted Tao Kan,who was one of Jiangnan indigenous warriors of lower class.Since then Jiangnan indigenous force group in Jingzhou began to emerge.After the conquest of Jingzhou by Emperor Yuan of Eastern Jin Dynasty,Tao Kan remained neutral,but the other members of Jiangnan indigenous force group,such as Zhou Fang and Gan Zhuo,pledged loyalty to Sima Rui,who finally helped Sima Rui control Jingzhou.Later Zhou Fang and Gan Zhuo,fostered by Sima Rui as top warriors,became the main power to pin down Wang Dun,which symbolized the complete formation of Jiangnan indigenous force group in Jingzhou.During his reign,Emperor Ming of Eastern Jin Dynasty appointed Tao Kan as commander of forces of Jingzhou,Yongzhou,Yizhou and Liangzhou,and as governor of Jingzhou to suppress the Wang's family in Langya.At that time,Jiangnan indigenous force group in Jingzhou was at the height of power and splendors.After the death of Tao Kan,Jingzhou was eventually owned by the Yu's family.Till the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty,hereditary aristocracies had governed Jingzhou,which was one of the political characteristics of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
When Liu Hong was the governor of Jingzhou,in order to foster his private power,he actively roped in,rewarded and promoted Tao Kan,who was one of Jiangnan indigenous warriors of lower class.Since then Jiangnan indigenous force group in Jingzhou began to emerge.After the conquest of Jingzhou by Emperor Yuan of Eastern Jin Dynasty,Tao Kan remained neutral,but the other members of Jiangnan indigenous force group,such as Zhou Fang and Gan Zhuo,pledged loyalty to Sima Rui,who finally helped Sima Rui control Jingzhou.Later Zhou Fang and Gan Zhuo,fostered by Sima Rui as top warriors,became the main power to pin down Wang Dun,which symbolized the complete formation of Jiangnan indigenous force group in Jingzhou.During his reign,Emperor Ming of Eastern Jin Dynasty appointed Tao Kan as commander of forces of Jingzhou,Yongzhou,Yizhou and Liangzhou,and as governor of Jingzhou to suppress the Wang's family in Langya.At that time,Jiangnan indigenous force group in Jingzhou was at the height of power and splendors.After the death of Tao Kan,Jingzhou was eventually owned by the Yu's family.Till the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty,hereditary aristocracies had governed Jingzhou,which was one of the political characteristics of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
引文
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[3]房玄龄.晋书[M].北京:中华书局,1974.
[4]王仲荦.魏晋南北史[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1979.
[5]陈寅恪,万绳楠.魏晋南北朝史讲演录[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,2007.
[6]谷川道雄.地域社会在六朝政治文化上所起的作用[M].东京:玄文社,1989.
[7]陈寅恪.金明馆丛稿初编[M].北京:三联书店,2001.
[8]川胜义雄.六朝贵族制社会研究[M].徐谷梵,李济沧,译.上海:上海古籍出版社,2007.
[9]程刚.东晋荆湘政治地理格局的变化及其原因[J].河南科技大学学报(社会科学版),2017(4):23-27.
[10]田余庆.东晋门阀制度[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005.
[11]赵立新.东西晋之间的“分陕”:从司马越到司马睿的“分陕”[D].台北:台湾大学,2000.
[12]程刚.东晋襄阳地区军府的沿革及其与各政治集团之关系[J].阅江学刊,2014(4):94-99.
[13]程刚.东晋南朝荆州政治地理研究[D].南京:南京大学,2014.