非洲铬铁矿资源分布与找矿潜力
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摘要
铬是我国确定的战略性矿产,同时也是我国大宗紧缺矿种之一,对外依存度极高。全球超过一半的铬铁矿资源分布在非洲,南非、津巴布韦和马达加斯加是非洲最重要的铬铁矿资源国。非洲铬铁矿床主要有层状型和豆荚状型两种类型,前者集中分布在布什维尔德层状基性-超基性杂岩体和津巴布韦大岩墙内,后者在非洲南部和中北部的绿岩带内都有产出。本文综合成矿地质条件、资源分布特点、勘查开发现状等因素,划分出4个铬铁矿资源潜力区,并进行了初步的找矿潜力分析。
Chromium is a strategic mineral and one of major shortage minerals identified in China,its dependence on foreign countries is extremely high.More than half of the world's chromite resources are distributed in Africa,most of which are located in South Africa,Zimbabwe and Madagascar.The chromite deposits in Africa are mainly composed of two types,namely layered and podiform deposits.The former is concentrated in the Bushveld layered basic-ultrabasic complex in South Africa and the Great Dyke in Zimbabwe,and the latter is output in the greenstone belt in southern and north-central Africa.In this paper,according the factors such as metallogenic geological conditions,deposits distribution characteristics and situation of exploration,the authors identify four chromite resource prospecting potential areas in Africa.
Chromium is a strategic mineral and one of major shortage minerals identified in China,its dependence on foreign countries is extremely high.More than half of the world's chromite resources are distributed in Africa,most of which are located in South Africa,Zimbabwe and Madagascar.The chromite deposits in Africa are mainly composed of two types,namely layered and podiform deposits.The former is concentrated in the Bushveld layered basic-ultrabasic complex in South Africa and the Great Dyke in Zimbabwe,and the latter is output in the greenstone belt in southern and north-central Africa.In this paper,according the factors such as metallogenic geological conditions,deposits distribution characteristics and situation of exploration,the authors identify four chromite resource prospecting potential areas in Africa.
引文
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[24]李鹏,刘善宝,李建康,等.马达加斯加Bemavo铬铁矿区基性岩中锆石的U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其地质意义[J].地学前缘,2017,24(5):182-191.LI Peng,LIU Shanbao,LI Jiankang,et al.Zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes of basic rocks from the Bemavo chromite deposit in Central Madagascar and their geological significances[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2017,24(5):182-191.
[25]李林.浅析马达加斯加铬铁矿主要地质特征[J].资源环境与工程,2018,32(2):224-227.LI Lin.Brief analysis of main geological characteristics of chromite in Madagascar[J].Resources Environment&Engineering,2018,32(2):224-227.
[26]PETTERS S W.Regional geology of Africa[M].Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences,1991.
[27]王登红,应汉龙,骆耀南,等.试论与布什维尔德杂岩体有关的铂族元素-铬铁矿矿床成矿系列及其对中国西南部的意义[J].地质与资源,2002,11(4):243-249.WANG Denghong,YING Hanlong,LUO Yaonan,et al.The platinum group element chromite metallogenic series related to the bushveld complex in South Africa:its inspiration to exploration for PGE in southwest China[J].Geology and Resources,2002,11(4):243-249.
[2]自然资源部.中国矿产资源报告[M].北京:地质出版社,2018.
[3]何哲峰,蒋荣宝,刘树臣.我国铬铁矿资源安全分析[J].中国矿业,2016,25(6):7-11.HE Zhefeng,JIANG Rongbao,LIU Shuchen.Analysis of chromite ore resources security in China[J].China Mining Magazine,2016,25(6):7-11.
[4]朱明玉,王登红,李立兴,等.中国铬矿成矿规律[M].北京:地质出版社,2014.
[5]施俊法,唐金荣,周平.世界找矿模型与矿产勘查[M].北京:地质出版社,2010.
[6]杨经绥,巴登珠,徐向珍,等.中国铬铁矿床的再研究及找矿前景[J].中国地质,2010,37(4):1141-1150.YANG Jingsui,BA Dengzhu,XU Xiangzhen,et al.A restudy of podiform chromite deposits and their ore-prospecting vista in China[J].Chinese Geology,2010,37(4):1141-1150.
[7]叶天竺,韦昌山,王玉往,等.勘查区找矿预测理论与方法(各论)[M].北京:地质出版社,2017.
[8]曾祥婷,元春华,许虹,等.世界铬矿开发现状及投资建议[J].中国矿业,2015,24(8):16-22.ZENG Xiangting,YUAN Chunhua,XU Hong,et al.Development status quo of the world chromite resources and investment suggestion[J].China Mining Magazine,2015,24(8):16-22.
[9]张炜.世界铬矿资源需求分析及预测[J].资源与产业,2016,18(4):87-91.ZHANG Wei.Demand analysis and prediction of world chrome resource[J].Resources&Industries,2016,18(4):87-91.
[10]刘晓阳,王杰,余金杰,等.中南部非洲的地质构造演化与矿产分布规律[J].地质找矿论丛,2015,30(S1):1-12.LIU Xiaoyang,WANG Jie,YU Jinjie,et al.Geo-tectonic evolution and distribution pattern of mineral resources in central South Africa[J].Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,2015,30(S1):1-12.
[11]沈承珩,王守伦,陈森煌,等.世界黑色金属矿产资源[M].北京:地质出版社,1995.
[12]董晓方.南非矿产资源开发与利用[J].现代矿业,2012,28(7):1-6.DONG Xiaofang.Exploration and utilization of mineral resources in South Africa[J].Modern Mining,2012,28(7):1-6.
[13]USGS.Mineral commodity summaries 2018[R].2018.
[14]吕林素,汪云峰,李宏博,等.南非布什维尔德岩浆型Cu-NiPGE硫化物矿床成因探讨[J].矿床地质,2011,30(6):1129-1148.LYU LinSu,WANG Yunfeng,LI Hongbo,et al.Disscussion on the metallogenesis of Bushveld magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE sulphide deposit in South Africa[J].Mineral Deposits,2011,30(6):1129-1148.
[15]要梅娟.南非布什维尔德铂族矿床中铂族金属富集机理研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012.
[16]王丽瑛,董卫宏,屠立鹏,等.中南部非洲纳米比亚三级成矿区带划分[J].地质找矿论丛,2015,30(S1):53-59.WANG Liying,DONG Weihong,TU Lipeng,et al.Division of metallogenic belts(zones)in Namibia in central South Africa[J].Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,2015,30(S1):53-59.
[17]江伟华,卿芸,翁继平,等.津巴布韦Zvishavane铬铁矿床地质特征及矿床成因[J].矿产勘查,2015,6(6):800-805.JIANG Weihua,QING Yun,WENG Jiping,et al.Geological characteristics and genesis of Zvishavane chromite deposit,Zimbabwe[J].Mineral Exploration,2015,6(6):800-805.
[18]孟令强,牛智辉.津巴布韦国铬铁矿地质特征与成因分析[J].世界有色金属,2017(22):249-250.MENG Lingqiang,NIU Zhihui.Geological characteristics and cause analysis of Zimbabwe state chromite[J].World Nonferrous Metals,2017(22):249-250.
[19]王铁军,刘晓阳,林锐华,等.津巴布韦舒鲁圭透镜状铬铁矿成因[J].地质找矿论丛,2012,27(4):485-490.WANG Tiejun,LIU Xiaoyang,LIN Ruihua,et al.Genesis of lenticular Cr deposits in Selugwe,Zimbabwe[J].Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,2012,27(4):485-490.
[20]俞礽安,赵更新,司马献章,等.津巴布韦共和国主要矿产资源及其矿业投资环境[J].资源与产业,2013,15(5):81-87.YU Rengan,ZHAO Gengxin,SIMA Xianzhang,et al.Ore resources and mining investment circumstance in Zimbabwe[J].Resources&Industries,2013,15(5):81-87.
[21]赵院冬,吴大天,赵君,等.马达加斯加Tsaratanana绿岩带地质组成和主要矿产特征[J].中国矿业,2018,27(5):88-93.ZHAO Yuandong,WU Datian,ZHAO Jun,et al.Characteristics of geological and major mineral resources of the Tsaratanana greenstone belts in Madasgascar island[J].China Mining Magazine,2018,27(5):88-93.
[22]黄国平,胡清乐,陈冬明,等.马达加斯加地质矿产概况[J].资源环境与工程,2014,28(5):626-632.HUANG Guoping,HU Qingle,CHEN Dongming,et al.General situation of geology and mineral resources in Madagascar[J].Resources Environment&Engineering,2014,28(5):626-632.
[23]李俊锋,李金虎,朱玉婷.马达加斯加铬铁矿分布特征及成因简析[J].西部资源,2016(4):1-2.LI Junfeng,LI Jinhu,ZHU Yuting.Distributed feature and formation of chromium deposit in the Madagascar[J].Western Resources,2016(4):1-2.
[24]李鹏,刘善宝,李建康,等.马达加斯加Bemavo铬铁矿区基性岩中锆石的U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其地质意义[J].地学前缘,2017,24(5):182-191.LI Peng,LIU Shanbao,LI Jiankang,et al.Zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes of basic rocks from the Bemavo chromite deposit in Central Madagascar and their geological significances[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2017,24(5):182-191.
[25]李林.浅析马达加斯加铬铁矿主要地质特征[J].资源环境与工程,2018,32(2):224-227.LI Lin.Brief analysis of main geological characteristics of chromite in Madagascar[J].Resources Environment&Engineering,2018,32(2):224-227.
[26]PETTERS S W.Regional geology of Africa[M].Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences,1991.
[27]王登红,应汉龙,骆耀南,等.试论与布什维尔德杂岩体有关的铂族元素-铬铁矿矿床成矿系列及其对中国西南部的意义[J].地质与资源,2002,11(4):243-249.WANG Denghong,YING Hanlong,LUO Yaonan,et al.The platinum group element chromite metallogenic series related to the bushveld complex in South Africa:its inspiration to exploration for PGE in southwest China[J].Geology and Resources,2002,11(4):243-249.