辐射剂量监测用热释光剂量计的校准
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摘要
目的:在分析标准实验室中的校准依据、方法的基础上,对常用的环境及个人剂量监测用热释光剂量计(TLD)进行校准评价,方法:按照国际标准化组织(ISO)、国际辐射单位与测量委员会(ICRU)及国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)等相关国际标准,以及我国现行有效的国家标准(GB、GB/T),在国际原子能机构(IAEA)北京二级标准剂量学实验室(SSDL)的标准辐射场中对TLD进行校准。结果:国产TLD的线性及能量响应等项性能均符合国际和国内相关标准的要求。结论:经过校准的TLD可以用于放射场所及工作人员的个人剂量监测。
Objective: To introduce the calibration basis, method and evaluation of thermoluminescence dosimeter(TLD) of commonly radiation dosimetry monitoring of environment and individual in standardizing laboratory. Methods: According to the relative international standards of international standardization organization(ISO), international commission on radiation Units and measurements(ICRU), international commission on radiological protection(ICRP), and domestically current and effective "National Standard(GB, GB/T)", the TLD personal dosimeters was calibrated in standard radiation field of Beijing SSDL of IAEA; Results: The performances of linear and energy response of domestic TLD can conform to the requirement of international and domestic relevant standard. Conclusion: The calibrated TLD can be used in personal dosimetry monitor of radiation place and workers.
Objective: To introduce the calibration basis, method and evaluation of thermoluminescence dosimeter(TLD) of commonly radiation dosimetry monitoring of environment and individual in standardizing laboratory. Methods: According to the relative international standards of international standardization organization(ISO), international commission on radiation Units and measurements(ICRU), international commission on radiological protection(ICRP), and domestically current and effective "National Standard(GB, GB/T)", the TLD personal dosimeters was calibrated in standard radiation field of Beijing SSDL of IAEA; Results: The performances of linear and energy response of domestic TLD can conform to the requirement of international and domestic relevant standard. Conclusion: The calibrated TLD can be used in personal dosimetry monitor of radiation place and workers.
引文
[1]联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会.电离辐射源与效应[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,2002:11-13.
[2]中华人民共和国卫生部令第46号.放射诊疗管理规定[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:6-9.
[3]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标:GB18871-2002[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002:3-10.
[4]F.H.阿蒂克斯等,施学勤,等译.辐射剂量学(第二卷)[M].北京:原子能出版社,1981:45-66.
[5]ICRU.International Commission of Radiation Unite and Measurement.Report No.74.Patient Dosimetry for X Rays Used in Medical Imaging[R].Maryland:ICRU,2005:60-67.
[6]李星洪.辐射防护基础[M].北京:原子能出版社,1982:3-19.
[7]彭建亮,娄云,冯泽臣,等.3种介入术中工作人员的辐射剂量水平分析[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2011,31(4):395-397.
[8]赵士庵.X射线照射量标准装置的研究和建立[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,1995,5(2):30.
[9]中华人民共和国国家标准.用于校准剂量仪和剂量率仪及确定其能量响应的X和γ参考辐射第一部分:辐射特性及产生方法:GB/T12162.1-2000[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000:10-21.
[10]IEC.Medical electrical equipment dose rate with ionization chamber and/or semiconductor as used in X-ray diagnostic imaging:62C/1674(IEC62C/126/CD)[S].1995:2-8.
[11]赵士庵,欧向明.RD-98智能型诊断X射线剂量仪的研制[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2001,21(1):48-52.
[12]ICRU.Determination of dose equivalents resulting from external radiation sources[R].ICRU REPORT No.39,1985:10-16.
[13]ICRU.Determination of dose equivalents resulting from external radiation sources[R].ICRU REPORT No.471992:15-26.
[14]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.医用诊断X射线辐射源计量检定规程:JJG744-2004[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2004:7-9.
[15]国际放射防护委员会和国际辐射单位与测量委员会.外照射放射防护中使用的换算系数[M].陈丽姝,柴政文,译.北京:原子能出版社,1998:21-26.
[16]中华人民共和国国家标准.用于校准剂量仪和剂量率仪及确定其能量响应X和γ参考辐射第三部分:场所剂量仪和个人剂量计的校准及其能量响应和角响应的确定:GB/T12162.3-2004[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004:12-23.
[17]韩奎初,丁声耀.实用电离辐射剂量学[M].北京:原子能出版社,1996:279-280.
[18]国家职业卫生标准.外照射个人剂量系统性能检验规范:GBZ 207-2008[S].中华人民共和国卫生部,2008:3-4.
[19]张丹枫.医用X射线防护技术与管理[M].山西:山西科学教育出版社,1990:21-23.
[20]国家职业卫生标准.职业性外照射个人监测规范:GBZ128-2002[S].中华人民共和国卫生部,2002:6-7.
[21]ICRU.International Commission of Radiation Unite and Measurement.Report No.74.Patient Dosimetry for X Rays Used in Medical Imaging[R].Maryland:ICRU,2005:65-67.
[22]International Commission on Radiological Protection.ICRP Publication 118.Statement on tissue reactions/early and late effects of radiation in normal tissues and organs:threshold doses for tissue reactions in a radiation protection context[R].Oxford:Pergamon Press,2012:8-11.
[23]国际原子能机构(IAEA).国际辐射防护和辐射源安全的基本安全标准(暂行版)[S].国际原子能机构《安全标准丛书》GSR Part3,2011:9-11.
[24]李士骏.电离辐射剂量学[M].北京:原子能出版社,1981:116-118.
[25]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.医用诊断X射线辐射源计量检定规程:JJG744-2004[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[26]国家计量技术规范.测量不确定度评定与表示:JJF1059-1999[S].国家质量技术监督局,1999:1-11.
[2]中华人民共和国卫生部令第46号.放射诊疗管理规定[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:6-9.
[3]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标:GB18871-2002[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002:3-10.
[4]F.H.阿蒂克斯等,施学勤,等译.辐射剂量学(第二卷)[M].北京:原子能出版社,1981:45-66.
[5]ICRU.International Commission of Radiation Unite and Measurement.Report No.74.Patient Dosimetry for X Rays Used in Medical Imaging[R].Maryland:ICRU,2005:60-67.
[6]李星洪.辐射防护基础[M].北京:原子能出版社,1982:3-19.
[7]彭建亮,娄云,冯泽臣,等.3种介入术中工作人员的辐射剂量水平分析[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2011,31(4):395-397.
[8]赵士庵.X射线照射量标准装置的研究和建立[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,1995,5(2):30.
[9]中华人民共和国国家标准.用于校准剂量仪和剂量率仪及确定其能量响应的X和γ参考辐射第一部分:辐射特性及产生方法:GB/T12162.1-2000[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000:10-21.
[10]IEC.Medical electrical equipment dose rate with ionization chamber and/or semiconductor as used in X-ray diagnostic imaging:62C/1674(IEC62C/126/CD)[S].1995:2-8.
[11]赵士庵,欧向明.RD-98智能型诊断X射线剂量仪的研制[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2001,21(1):48-52.
[12]ICRU.Determination of dose equivalents resulting from external radiation sources[R].ICRU REPORT No.39,1985:10-16.
[13]ICRU.Determination of dose equivalents resulting from external radiation sources[R].ICRU REPORT No.471992:15-26.
[14]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.医用诊断X射线辐射源计量检定规程:JJG744-2004[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2004:7-9.
[15]国际放射防护委员会和国际辐射单位与测量委员会.外照射放射防护中使用的换算系数[M].陈丽姝,柴政文,译.北京:原子能出版社,1998:21-26.
[16]中华人民共和国国家标准.用于校准剂量仪和剂量率仪及确定其能量响应X和γ参考辐射第三部分:场所剂量仪和个人剂量计的校准及其能量响应和角响应的确定:GB/T12162.3-2004[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004:12-23.
[17]韩奎初,丁声耀.实用电离辐射剂量学[M].北京:原子能出版社,1996:279-280.
[18]国家职业卫生标准.外照射个人剂量系统性能检验规范:GBZ 207-2008[S].中华人民共和国卫生部,2008:3-4.
[19]张丹枫.医用X射线防护技术与管理[M].山西:山西科学教育出版社,1990:21-23.
[20]国家职业卫生标准.职业性外照射个人监测规范:GBZ128-2002[S].中华人民共和国卫生部,2002:6-7.
[21]ICRU.International Commission of Radiation Unite and Measurement.Report No.74.Patient Dosimetry for X Rays Used in Medical Imaging[R].Maryland:ICRU,2005:65-67.
[22]International Commission on Radiological Protection.ICRP Publication 118.Statement on tissue reactions/early and late effects of radiation in normal tissues and organs:threshold doses for tissue reactions in a radiation protection context[R].Oxford:Pergamon Press,2012:8-11.
[23]国际原子能机构(IAEA).国际辐射防护和辐射源安全的基本安全标准(暂行版)[S].国际原子能机构《安全标准丛书》GSR Part3,2011:9-11.
[24]李士骏.电离辐射剂量学[M].北京:原子能出版社,1981:116-118.
[25]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.医用诊断X射线辐射源计量检定规程:JJG744-2004[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[26]国家计量技术规范.测量不确定度评定与表示:JJF1059-1999[S].国家质量技术监督局,1999:1-11.