间壁换热开采天然气水合物注入温度优化
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摘要
热力学法是目前公认可行的天然气水合物开采方法之一。关于如何在热采过程中提高注入能量利用率,使开采所得甲烷气体的总热值与注入热量之比最大的研究,目前大多集中于注入温度的优化方面。从获得最大产气速率的角度出发,在能量利用率的基础上,定义新的热效率为单位产气量下的水合物注热开采能量利用率。并引用无限长圆柱体换热反应釜概念,建立间壁换热开采水合物过程中等温边界条件下一维瞬态传热新模型,通过推导间壁换热过程中传热量和传热时间的解析表达式,求得在开采温度20～100℃的条件下,间壁换热开采水合物的热效率在0. 431～0. 536之间。最优注入温度为65℃,热效率为0. 536。
Thermodynamic method is currently recognized as one of the feasible exploitation methods for natural gas hydrate. How to improve the utilization ratio of injected energy in the thermal recovery process so as to maximize the ratio of the total calorific value of methane gas,the injected calorific value is mostly focused on the analysis of the optimal injection temperature. From the point of view of obtaining the maximum gas production rate,on the basis of energy utilization rate,this paper defines a new thermal efficiency as the energy utilization rate of hydrate heat injection under the unit gas production rate. Based on the concept of infinite cylindrical heat transfer reactor,a new one-dimensional transient heat transfer model under isothermal boundary conditions is established. By deriving the analytical expressions of heat transfer quantity and time in the process of inter-wall heat transfer,the thermal efficiency of inter-wall heat transfer for hydrate extraction is found to be between 0. 431 and 0. 536 at the mining temperature of 20 ～100 ℃. The optimum injection temperature is 65 ℃ and the thermal efficiency is 0. 536.
Thermodynamic method is currently recognized as one of the feasible exploitation methods for natural gas hydrate. How to improve the utilization ratio of injected energy in the thermal recovery process so as to maximize the ratio of the total calorific value of methane gas,the injected calorific value is mostly focused on the analysis of the optimal injection temperature. From the point of view of obtaining the maximum gas production rate,on the basis of energy utilization rate,this paper defines a new thermal efficiency as the energy utilization rate of hydrate heat injection under the unit gas production rate. Based on the concept of infinite cylindrical heat transfer reactor,a new one-dimensional transient heat transfer model under isothermal boundary conditions is established. By deriving the analytical expressions of heat transfer quantity and time in the process of inter-wall heat transfer,the thermal efficiency of inter-wall heat transfer for hydrate extraction is found to be between 0. 431 and 0. 536 at the mining temperature of 20 ～100 ℃. The optimum injection temperature is 65 ℃ and the thermal efficiency is 0. 536.
引文
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[16]王丰.液体和气体的热物理性质表[M].北京:科学出版社,1982.Wang Feng. Table of Thermophysical Properties of Liquids and Gases[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1982.
[17]王保国.传热学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009.Wang Baoguo. Heat Transfer[M]. Beijing:China Machine Press,2009.
[18] Moridis G J,Collet T S,Dallimore S R,et al. Numerical Studies of Gas Production from Several CH 4 Hydrate Zones at the Mallik Site,Mackenzie Delta,Canada[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2002,43(3):219-238.
[19]董福海,樊栓狮,梁德青.间壁换热分解开采天然气水合物的实验模拟[J].化工学报,2008,59(6):1502-1507.Dong Fuhai, Fan Shuanshi, Liang Deqing. Experimental Simulation Investigation on Production Behavior of Natural Gas Hydrate with Surface Heat Exchanger[J]. Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering(China),2008,59(6):1502-1507.
[20]章熙民,任泽霈,梅飞鸣.传热学[M].5版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.Zhang Ximin,Ren Zepei,Mei Feiming. Heat Transfer[M].5thed. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2007.
[2]Koh C A. Towards a Fundamental Understanding of Natural Gas Hydrates[J]. Chemical Society Reviews,2002,31(3):157-167.
[3]刘道平,潘云仙,周文铸,等.喷雾制取天然气水合物过程的特性[J].上海理工大学学报,2007,29(2):132-136.Liu Daoping,Pan Yunxian,Zhou Wenzhu,et al. Performance of Natural Gas Hydrate Production Process in a Batch Reactor with Water Spraying[J]. Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,2007,29(2):132-136.
[4]Licence P. Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases[J]. Fuel,2008,87(13-14):3158.
[5]伍开松,贾同威,廉栋,等.海底表层天然气水合物藏采掘工具设计研究[J].机械科学与技术,2017,36(2):225-231Wu Kaisong,Jia Tongwei,Lian Dong,et al. Research on Design of Mining Tools of Marine Gas Hydrates Reservoirs[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2017,36(2):225-231.
[6]吴传芝,孙长青,赵克斌,等.水合物储运天然气技术研究进展[J].天然气与石油,2017,35(1):29-35.Wu Chuanzhi,Sun Changqing,Zhao Kebin,et al. Research Advances of Hydrate-Based Technology for Transport of Natural Gas[J]. Natural Gas and Oil,2017,35(1):29-35.
[7]张杰,陈花,关富佳,等.天然气水合物注二氧化碳置换程度计算新模型[J].天然气与石油,2018,36(3):55-59.Zhang Jie,Chen Hua,Guan Fujia,et al. A New Model for Calculating the Degree of Gas Hydrate Displacement with the Injection of CO2[J]. Natural Gas and Oil,2018,36(3):55-59.
[8]Holder G D,Angert P F. Simulation of Gas Production from a Reservoir Containing Both Gas Hydrates and Free Natural Gas:SPE 11105[R]. New York:SPE,1982.
[9] Tohidi B,Anderson R,Ben Clennell M,et al. Visual Observation of Gas-Hydrate Formation and Dissociation in Synthetic Porous Media by Means of Glass Micromodels[J].Geology,2001,29(9):867-870.
[10]李刚,唐良广,黄冲,等.热盐水开采天然气水合物的热力学评价[J].化工学报,2006,57(9):2033-2038.Li Gang, Tang Liangguang, Huang Chong, et al.Thermodynamic Evaluation of Hot Brine Stimulation for Natural Gas Hydrate Dissociation[J]. Journal of Chemical Industry&Engineering,2006,57(9):2033-2038.
[11]唐良广,肖睿,李刚,等.热力法开采天然气水合物的模拟实验研究[J].过程工程学报,2006,6(4):548-553.Tang Liangguang,Xiao Rui,Li Gang,et al. Experimental Investigation of Production Behavior of Gas Hydrate Under Thermal Stimulation[J]. The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2006,6(4):548-553.
[12]李淑霞,郝永卯,陈月明.多孔介质中天然气水合物注热盐水分解实验研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2010,41(5):680-684.Li Shuxia, Hao Yongmao, Chen Yueming. Experimental Study of Hot-brine Stimulation for Dissociation of NGH in Porous Medium[J]. Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2010,41(5):680-684.
[13]李明川,陈月明.多孔介质中天然气水合物注热水分解实验研究[J].东华理工大学学报:自然科学版,2011,34(3):266-270Li Mingchuan,Chen Yueming. Experimental Research on Hot Water Flooding Dissociation of Natural Gas Hydrates in Porous Medium[J]. Journal of East China Institute of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2011,34(3):266-270.
[14]张家荣,赵廷元.工程常用物质的热物理性质手册[M].北京:新时代出版社,1987.Zhang Jiarong,Zhao Tingyuan. Handbook of Thermophysical Properties of Common Engineering Materials[M]. Beijing:New Time Press,1987.
[15]陈则韶.量热技术和热物性测定[M].北京:中国科学技术大学出版社,1990.Chen Zeshao. Calorimetric Technology and Determination of Thermophysical Properties[M]. Beijing:Press of China University of Science and Technology,1990.
[16]王丰.液体和气体的热物理性质表[M].北京:科学出版社,1982.Wang Feng. Table of Thermophysical Properties of Liquids and Gases[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1982.
[17]王保国.传热学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009.Wang Baoguo. Heat Transfer[M]. Beijing:China Machine Press,2009.
[18] Moridis G J,Collet T S,Dallimore S R,et al. Numerical Studies of Gas Production from Several CH 4 Hydrate Zones at the Mallik Site,Mackenzie Delta,Canada[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2002,43(3):219-238.
[19]董福海,樊栓狮,梁德青.间壁换热分解开采天然气水合物的实验模拟[J].化工学报,2008,59(6):1502-1507.Dong Fuhai, Fan Shuanshi, Liang Deqing. Experimental Simulation Investigation on Production Behavior of Natural Gas Hydrate with Surface Heat Exchanger[J]. Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering(China),2008,59(6):1502-1507.
[20]章熙民,任泽霈,梅飞鸣.传热学[M].5版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.Zhang Ximin,Ren Zepei,Mei Feiming. Heat Transfer[M].5thed. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2007.