冷冻产品用无机盐相变蓄冷材料的制备及性能研究
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摘要
研制了一种适用于冷冻产品贮藏运输的高效低温无机盐相变蓄冷材料。将NH4Br、KCl、CaCl_2等无机盐与NH_4Cl复配,利用差式扫描量热仪(DSC)筛选了NH_4Br-NH_4Cl无机盐共混物作为主储能剂,通过添加不同成核剂改善过冷性能,添加不同浓度的黄源胶改善相分离。结果表明:以30%(wt,质量分数,下同)NH_4Br-NH_4Cl无机盐共混物作为主储能剂,1%SrCl_2作为成核剂,5%黄原胶作为增稠剂可获得相变温度为-18~-22℃、相变潜热为288.7J/g、过冷度小、无相分离的相变蓄冷材料。NH_4Br-NH_4Cl无机盐共混物作为主储能剂能够达到冷冻产品温度且对相变潜热影响较小,SrCl_2作为成核剂基本无过冷,黄原胶作为增稠剂解决相分离具有显著效果。
To prepare the low-temperature inorganic salt phase change material for storage and transportation of frozen products.Composite phase change materials were prepared from ammonium chloride(NH_4Cl)and ammonium bromide(NH_4Br)which was selected by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)from ammonium bromide(NH_4Br),potassium chloride(KCl)and calcium chloride(CaCl_2).The different kind of nucleating agents were added to improve the supercooling performance,different concentration of xanthan were added to improve the phase separation.Results were that the composite salt system with 30 wt% NH_4Br-NH_4Cl was used 1 wt% SrCl_2 as nucleating agent and 5 wt%xanthan as thickener,in which almost no phase separation and low supercooling occurred.The latent heat remained288.7 J/g and the phase change temperature was-18~-22℃,which was suitable for frozen product requirements.Experimental results showed that NH_4Br-NH_4Cl system can reach the target temperature and had little effect on the latent heat.SrCl_2 as nucleating agent and xanthan as thickener can improve supercooling and phase separation effectively.
To prepare the low-temperature inorganic salt phase change material for storage and transportation of frozen products.Composite phase change materials were prepared from ammonium chloride(NH_4Cl)and ammonium bromide(NH_4Br)which was selected by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)from ammonium bromide(NH_4Br),potassium chloride(KCl)and calcium chloride(CaCl_2).The different kind of nucleating agents were added to improve the supercooling performance,different concentration of xanthan were added to improve the phase separation.Results were that the composite salt system with 30 wt% NH_4Br-NH_4Cl was used 1 wt% SrCl_2 as nucleating agent and 5 wt%xanthan as thickener,in which almost no phase separation and low supercooling occurred.The latent heat remained288.7 J/g and the phase change temperature was-18~-22℃,which was suitable for frozen product requirements.Experimental results showed that NH_4Br-NH_4Cl system can reach the target temperature and had little effect on the latent heat.SrCl_2 as nucleating agent and xanthan as thickener can improve supercooling and phase separation effectively.
引文
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[2]杨颖,张伟,董昭,等.冷藏车用新型复合相变蓄冷材料的制备及热性能研究[J].化工新型材料,2013,41(11):41-43.
[3]高斯,钱静.保温包装整体设计及结构分析[J].包装工程,2010,31(7):51-53.
[4]张芸,钱静.可降解凝胶蓄冷剂的制备及性能分析[J].包装工程,2012,33(23):40-44.
[5]Eduard Oró,Barreneche C,Farid M M,et al.Experimental study on the selection of phase change materials for low temperature applications[J].Renewable Energy,2013,57(3):130-136.
[6]冯自平,黎涛,宋文吉,等.一种低温相变蓄冷剂:CN102533224A[P].2012-07-04.
[7]张仁元.相变材料与相变储能技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2009,50-51.
[8]Kanimozhi B,Arnav A,Krishna E V,et al.Review on phase change materials in thermal energy storage system[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2015,766(6):474-479.
[9]李夔宁,郭宁宁,王贺.有机相变蓄冷复合材料的研究[J].化工新型材料,2009,37(4):87-88.
[10]Li G,Hwang Y,Radermacher R,et al.Review of cold storage materials for subzero applications[J].Energy,2013,51(2):1-17.
[11]Li G,Zhang B,Li X,et al.The preparation characterization and modification of a new phase change material:CaCl2·6H2O-MgCl2·6H2O eutectic hydrate salt[J].Solar Energy Materials&Solar Cells,2014,126(20):51-55.
[12]Li X,Zhou Y,Nian H,et al.Phase change behavior of latent heat storage media based on calcium chloride hexahydrate composites containing strontium chloride hexahydrate and oxidation expandable graphite[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,102(5):38-44.
[13]李婷,潘欣,应铁进.食品相变蓄冷剂的配方优化及应用[J].中国食品学报,2011,11(4):115-122.
[14]应铁进,朱冰清,戚晓丽,等.用于农产品保鲜的有机物水溶液相变蓄冷剂[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(2):208-212.
[15]Efimova A,Pinnau S,Mischke M,et al.Development of salt hydrate eutectics as latent heat storage for air conditioning and cooling[J].Thermochimica Acta,2014,575(575):276-278.