降香黄檀和海南黄檀的鉴别
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摘要
为了准确识别降香黄檀和海南黄檀的植株、苗木、木材和药材,采用形态学、木材解剖学、化学特征(薄层色谱TLC)、分子分析的方式对二者进行了较全面地归纳、整理和比较。结果表明,降香黄檀与海南黄檀的区别明显,其植株形态特征主要表现在前者雄蕊为9枚,单体,而后者为10枚,呈(5+5)的二体。木材特征主要表现在降香黄檀的心材和边材区别明显,木材具特殊的降香气味,心材灰烬呈灰白色,散孔材至半环孔材,傍管型以翼状、聚翼状为主,离管型为极小的带状,单列木射线稍多,多数宽2细胞,而海南黄檀的心材和边材无明显区别,木材无特殊香气,心材灰烬呈黄褐色,散孔材,傍管、离管相互连接,形成明显整齐的带状,单列木射线几无,多数宽3细胞。薄层色谱分析结果表明,根据不同Rf值的显色条带可以区分降香黄檀和海南黄檀的心材;DNA条形码分析结果表明,ITS2、trnV-trnM和psbA-trnH序列可以作为鉴定此二种的分子条形码序列。本研究可适应于鉴定降香黄檀和海南黄檀不同时期的植株及木材和药材,为保护野生植物资源和规范苗木、木材和药材交易市场提供数据支撑。
In order to better identify the plants, seedlings, wood and medicinal materials of D. odorifera and D.hainanensis, the morphology, wood anatomy, chemical characteristics(TLC), molecular analysis were used on the induction, consolidation and overall comparison comprehensively. Results indicated that, the differences between D. odorifera and D. hainanensis are obvious, the plant morphological characteristics are mainly shown in the former has 9 stamens, monadelphous, but the latter has 10 stamens,(5+5); the former's heartwood and sapwood have distinct differences, wood with special D. odorifera odor, heartwood ashes are pale, diffuse-porous wood to semi-ring porous wood, alongside the catheter type is mainly pterygoid, poly-pterygoid primarily, off-catheter type is minimum ribbon, single row xylem ray is frequent, most width 2 cells, the latter's heartwood and sapwood have no significant differences, wood with no special aroma, heartwood ashes are tawny, diffuse-porous wood, alongside the catheter and off-catheter types are connected with each other, forming a distinctly regular ribbon, single row xylem ray is few, most width 3 cells. TLC analysis results indicated that, depending on the color bands of the different Rfvalues' position can distinguish the heartwood between D. odorifera and D. hainanensis. Molecular analysis results indicated that, ITS2, trnV-trnM and psbA-trnH sequences can be used as the DNA barcoding to identified D. odorifera and D. hainanensis. This study can be applied to identify the plants in different period,wood, medicinal materials of D. odorifera and D. hainanensis, to provide data support for protecting wild plant resources and standardizing the market of seedling, wood and medicinal materials.
In order to better identify the plants, seedlings, wood and medicinal materials of D. odorifera and D.hainanensis, the morphology, wood anatomy, chemical characteristics(TLC), molecular analysis were used on the induction, consolidation and overall comparison comprehensively. Results indicated that, the differences between D. odorifera and D. hainanensis are obvious, the plant morphological characteristics are mainly shown in the former has 9 stamens, monadelphous, but the latter has 10 stamens,(5+5); the former's heartwood and sapwood have distinct differences, wood with special D. odorifera odor, heartwood ashes are pale, diffuse-porous wood to semi-ring porous wood, alongside the catheter type is mainly pterygoid, poly-pterygoid primarily, off-catheter type is minimum ribbon, single row xylem ray is frequent, most width 2 cells, the latter's heartwood and sapwood have no significant differences, wood with no special aroma, heartwood ashes are tawny, diffuse-porous wood, alongside the catheter and off-catheter types are connected with each other, forming a distinctly regular ribbon, single row xylem ray is few, most width 3 cells. TLC analysis results indicated that, depending on the color bands of the different Rfvalues' position can distinguish the heartwood between D. odorifera and D. hainanensis. Molecular analysis results indicated that, ITS2, trnV-trnM and psbA-trnH sequences can be used as the DNA barcoding to identified D. odorifera and D. hainanensis. This study can be applied to identify the plants in different period,wood, medicinal materials of D. odorifera and D. hainanensis, to provide data support for protecting wild plant resources and standardizing the market of seedling, wood and medicinal materials.
引文
Chen H.Y.,1963,Materials for the flora of Hainan(Ⅱ),Zhiwu Fenlei Xuebao(Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica),8(4):350-352(陈焕镛,1963,海南植物志资料(二),植物分类学报,8(4):350-352)
Chinese Academy of Sciences,Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae Editorial Committee,ed.,1994,Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae,Vol.40,Science Press,Beijing,China,pp.114-120(中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会,编著,1994,中国植物志,第四十卷,科学出版社,中国,北京,pp.114-120)
Gao X.X.,Liu S.F.,Chen X.D.,Yan H.J.,Zhong Z.J.,Zhang W.M.,and Zhu S.,2015,Studies on the botanical sources and molecular identification of Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum based on ITS2 DNA barcode,Shizhen Guoyi Guoyao(Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research),26(8):1932-1935(高晓霞,刘少烽,陈晓东,严寒静,钟兆健,章卫民,朱爽,2015,基于ITS2条形码序列鉴定商品沉香基源植物,时珍国医国药,26(8):1932-1935)
Hartvig I.,Czako M.,Kj?r E.D.,Nielsen L.R.,and Theilade I.,2015,The use of DNA barcoding in identification and conservation of rosewood(Dalbergia spp.),PLoS One,10(9):e0138231
Hassold S.,Lowry P.P.,Bauert M.R.,Razafintsalama A.,Ramamonjisoa L.,and Widmer A.,2016,DNA barcoding of malagasy rosewood:towards a molecular identification of CITES-listed Dalbergia species,PLoS One,11(6):e0157881
Hollingsworth P.M.,2011,Refining the DNA barcode for land plants,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,108(49):19451-19452
Jiao L.C.,Yin Y.F.,Sun Q.P.,Xiao F.M.,and Jiang X.M.,2012Wood identification based on deoxyribonucleic acid methods,Mucai Gongye(China Wood Industry),26(1):27-3038(焦立超,殷亚方,孙清鹏,肖复明,姜笑梅,2012,基于DNA的木材识别新技术发展与应用,木材工业,26(1)27-30,38)
Li Q.W.,Du G.F.,Tan G.L.,Sun J.,Wang Y.S.,Zhou L.,and Zhu S.,2016a,Molecular identification of Dalbergia balansae Prain.based on ITS sequence,Fujian Linye Kej(Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology),43(4)85-88(李奇威,杜贵锋,谭贵良,孙瑾,王业胜,周林,朱爽2016a,基于ITS序列的南岭黄檀分子鉴定,福建林业科技,43(4):85-88)
Li Q.W.,Tan G.L.,Sun J.,Su Y.X.,Wang Y.S.,Zhou L.,and Zhu S.,2016b,DNA extractions from Dalbergia odorifera and a molecular phylogenetic analyses using its r DNA-ITSsequence,Mucai Gongye(China Wood Industry),30(3):21-24(李奇威,谭贵良,孙瑾,苏越骁,王业胜,周林,朱爽2016b,降香黄檀DNA提取及其r DNA-ITS序列分子系统发育分析,木材工业,30(3):21-24)
Liu F.,Li T.,Yu N.T.,Wang J.H.,and Liu Z.X.,2015,Molecular detection and sequence analysis of cucumber mosaic virus on tomato in Hainan,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),34(8):1723-1728(刘峰,李涛,余乃通,王建华,刘志昕,2015,海南番茄蕨叶型CMV分子检测及其序列分析,基因组学与应用生物学,34(8):1723-1728)
Merrill E.D.,and Chun W.Y.,1934,Additions to our knowledge of the Hainan flora,Sunyatsenia,2(1):23-48
Tang L.B.,Li L.,Lin W.J.,Huang Y.,Qin M.Y.,Feng M.,and Lan C.Z.,2013,DNA barcoding the plants of Dalbergia odorifera,Zhiwu Yichuan Ziyuan Xuebao(Journal of Plant Genetic Resources),14(6):1147-1152(唐历波,李栎,林维键,黄瑶,秦明艳,冯敏,蓝翠珍,2013,降香黄檀的DNA条形码鉴定研究,植物遗传资源学报,14(6):1147-1152)
Wu Z.Y.,Raven P.H.,and Hong D.Y.,eds.,2013,Flora of China,Vo1.10,Missouri Botanical Garden Press,St.Louis,USA,pp.121-130
Zhang Y.,and Guo L.D.,2012,Progress of fungal DNA barcode,Junwu Xuebao(Mycosystema),31(6):809-820(张宇,郭良栋,2012,真菌DNA条形码研究进展,菌物学报,31(6):809-820)
Chinese Academy of Sciences,Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae Editorial Committee,ed.,1994,Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae,Vol.40,Science Press,Beijing,China,pp.114-120(中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会,编著,1994,中国植物志,第四十卷,科学出版社,中国,北京,pp.114-120)
Gao X.X.,Liu S.F.,Chen X.D.,Yan H.J.,Zhong Z.J.,Zhang W.M.,and Zhu S.,2015,Studies on the botanical sources and molecular identification of Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum based on ITS2 DNA barcode,Shizhen Guoyi Guoyao(Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research),26(8):1932-1935(高晓霞,刘少烽,陈晓东,严寒静,钟兆健,章卫民,朱爽,2015,基于ITS2条形码序列鉴定商品沉香基源植物,时珍国医国药,26(8):1932-1935)
Hartvig I.,Czako M.,Kj?r E.D.,Nielsen L.R.,and Theilade I.,2015,The use of DNA barcoding in identification and conservation of rosewood(Dalbergia spp.),PLoS One,10(9):e0138231
Hassold S.,Lowry P.P.,Bauert M.R.,Razafintsalama A.,Ramamonjisoa L.,and Widmer A.,2016,DNA barcoding of malagasy rosewood:towards a molecular identification of CITES-listed Dalbergia species,PLoS One,11(6):e0157881
Hollingsworth P.M.,2011,Refining the DNA barcode for land plants,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,108(49):19451-19452
Jiao L.C.,Yin Y.F.,Sun Q.P.,Xiao F.M.,and Jiang X.M.,2012Wood identification based on deoxyribonucleic acid methods,Mucai Gongye(China Wood Industry),26(1):27-3038(焦立超,殷亚方,孙清鹏,肖复明,姜笑梅,2012,基于DNA的木材识别新技术发展与应用,木材工业,26(1)27-30,38)
Li Q.W.,Du G.F.,Tan G.L.,Sun J.,Wang Y.S.,Zhou L.,and Zhu S.,2016a,Molecular identification of Dalbergia balansae Prain.based on ITS sequence,Fujian Linye Kej(Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology),43(4)85-88(李奇威,杜贵锋,谭贵良,孙瑾,王业胜,周林,朱爽2016a,基于ITS序列的南岭黄檀分子鉴定,福建林业科技,43(4):85-88)
Li Q.W.,Tan G.L.,Sun J.,Su Y.X.,Wang Y.S.,Zhou L.,and Zhu S.,2016b,DNA extractions from Dalbergia odorifera and a molecular phylogenetic analyses using its r DNA-ITSsequence,Mucai Gongye(China Wood Industry),30(3):21-24(李奇威,谭贵良,孙瑾,苏越骁,王业胜,周林,朱爽2016b,降香黄檀DNA提取及其r DNA-ITS序列分子系统发育分析,木材工业,30(3):21-24)
Liu F.,Li T.,Yu N.T.,Wang J.H.,and Liu Z.X.,2015,Molecular detection and sequence analysis of cucumber mosaic virus on tomato in Hainan,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),34(8):1723-1728(刘峰,李涛,余乃通,王建华,刘志昕,2015,海南番茄蕨叶型CMV分子检测及其序列分析,基因组学与应用生物学,34(8):1723-1728)
Merrill E.D.,and Chun W.Y.,1934,Additions to our knowledge of the Hainan flora,Sunyatsenia,2(1):23-48
Tang L.B.,Li L.,Lin W.J.,Huang Y.,Qin M.Y.,Feng M.,and Lan C.Z.,2013,DNA barcoding the plants of Dalbergia odorifera,Zhiwu Yichuan Ziyuan Xuebao(Journal of Plant Genetic Resources),14(6):1147-1152(唐历波,李栎,林维键,黄瑶,秦明艳,冯敏,蓝翠珍,2013,降香黄檀的DNA条形码鉴定研究,植物遗传资源学报,14(6):1147-1152)
Wu Z.Y.,Raven P.H.,and Hong D.Y.,eds.,2013,Flora of China,Vo1.10,Missouri Botanical Garden Press,St.Louis,USA,pp.121-130
Zhang Y.,and Guo L.D.,2012,Progress of fungal DNA barcode,Junwu Xuebao(Mycosystema),31(6):809-820(张宇,郭良栋,2012,真菌DNA条形码研究进展,菌物学报,31(6):809-820)