黄河三角洲新生湿地土壤碳氮磷分布及其生态化学计量学意义
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摘要
河口湿地是连接陆地生态系统和海洋生态系统的纽带。土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)元素是湿地生态系统营养水平的重要指示物,显著影响湿地生态系统的生产力。本文研究了黄河三角洲新生湿地不同植被下土壤C、N、P的分布特征和生态化学计量特征。结果表明,1)黄河三角洲新生湿地C、N、P含量分别为1.2~8.4、0.2~0.8、0.4~0.6g/kg,平均值分别为3.5、0.4、0.5g/kg;土壤表层的C、N、P含量显著高于亚表层。2)黄河三角洲新生湿地C/N、C/P、N/P比值分别为4.62~12.67、2.02~16.39、0.22~1.53,平均值分别为8.77、6.81、0.77。土壤C/N、C/P、N/P比值随土壤剖面深度向下递减,不同植被土壤之间的C/N、C/P、N/P比值有所不同。土壤生态化学计量比值显示黄河三角洲新生湿地土壤有机质分解快,氮的矿化度高。因此,提高该地区土壤有机质的归还,同时适当增加氮肥使用成为湿地生态恢复的优先选项。
Estuarine land is a link between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The existence of C,N,and P elements in soil can greatly influence the primary productivity of wetlands ecosystems and they are also the referent for nutrient level of these ecosystems. The present study measured the distribution characteristics of C,N,and P elements and explored ecological stoichiometric implications in the newly-formed wetland of the Yellow River delta with different vegetation. Results show that 1) C,N and P concentrations in newlyformed wetland of the Yellow River delta range 1. 2- 8. 4,0. 2- 0. 8,and 0. 4- 0. 6 g / kg with average contents of 3. 5,0. 4 and0. 5 mg / kg,respectively. Contents of C,N and P decrease significantly with increasing soil depth; 2) ratios of C / N,C / P and N / P in this wetland are 4. 62-12. 67,2. 02-16. 39 and 0. 22-1. 53 with average values of 8. 77,6. 81,and 0. 77,respectively. These ratios vary greatly in different soil vegetation and decrease gradually with increasing soil depth. In addition the ratio analysis indicates that in this newly-formed wetland the decomposition rate of soil organic matter is faster and the degree of nitrogen mineralization is higher.Therefore,increasing the return of soil organic carbon and the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer should be given preferential treatment for the restoration of newly-formed wetlands in the Yellow River Delta.
Estuarine land is a link between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The existence of C,N,and P elements in soil can greatly influence the primary productivity of wetlands ecosystems and they are also the referent for nutrient level of these ecosystems. The present study measured the distribution characteristics of C,N,and P elements and explored ecological stoichiometric implications in the newly-formed wetland of the Yellow River delta with different vegetation. Results show that 1) C,N and P concentrations in newlyformed wetland of the Yellow River delta range 1. 2- 8. 4,0. 2- 0. 8,and 0. 4- 0. 6 g / kg with average contents of 3. 5,0. 4 and0. 5 mg / kg,respectively. Contents of C,N and P decrease significantly with increasing soil depth; 2) ratios of C / N,C / P and N / P in this wetland are 4. 62-12. 67,2. 02-16. 39 and 0. 22-1. 53 with average values of 8. 77,6. 81,and 0. 77,respectively. These ratios vary greatly in different soil vegetation and decrease gradually with increasing soil depth. In addition the ratio analysis indicates that in this newly-formed wetland the decomposition rate of soil organic matter is faster and the degree of nitrogen mineralization is higher.Therefore,increasing the return of soil organic carbon and the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer should be given preferential treatment for the restoration of newly-formed wetlands in the Yellow River Delta.
引文
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[30]Xu G,Shao H,Sun J,et al.Phosphorus fractions and profile distribution in newly formed wetland soils along a salinity gradient in the Yellow River Delta in China[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2012,175(5):721-728.
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[32]Cao L,Song J,Li X,et al.Geochemical characteristics of soil C,N,P,and their stoichiometrical significance in the coastal wetlands of Laizhou Bay,Bohai Sea[J].CLEAN-Soil,Air,Water,2015,43(2):260-270.
[33]屈凡柱.黄河三角洲滨海湿地土壤磷组分研究[D].烟台:中科院烟台海岸带研究所,2010.
[34]欧维新,杨桂山,高建华.盐城潮滩湿地对N、P营养物质的截留效应研究[J].湿地科学,2006,4(3):179-186.
[35]郭胜利,党廷辉,刘守赞,等.磷素吸附特性演变及其与土壤磷素形态、土壤有机碳含量的关系[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(1):33-39.
[36]李霞.土壤磷素耦合的水田碳-氮库动态消长规律及其生态化学计量学调控潜能[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014.
[37]刘万德,苏建荣,李帅锋,等.云南普洱季风常绿阔叶林演替系列植物和土壤C、N、P化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2010,30(23):6581
[38]邢伟,吴昊平,史俏,等.生态化学计量学理论的应用、完善与扩展[J].生态科学,2015,34(1):190-197.
[39]Cleveland C C,Liptzin D.C︰N︰P stoichiometry in soil:Is there a“Redfield ratio”for the microbial biomass?[J].Biogeochemistry,2007,85(3):235-252.
[40]胡斌.黄土高原旱作农田地膜覆盖下土壤磷素转化、机质矿化及土壤生态化学计量学特征[D].兰州:兰州大学,2013.
[41]于泉洲,张祖陆,吕建树,等.1987-2008年南四湖湿地植被碳储量时空变化特征[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(9):1527-1532.
[42]刘春英,周文斌.我国湿地碳循环的研究进展[J].土壤通报,2012,43(5):1264-1270.
[43]王健.黄河三角洲湿地生态旅游开发研究[D].济南:山东师范大学,2010.
[44]张晓娟.蓝色经济战略下的黄河三角洲湿地生态保护研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.
[45]苑亚茹.不同土地利用与施肥管理对黑土团聚体中有机碳的影响[D].长春:东北地理与农业生态研究所,2013.
[2]曾德慧,陈广生.生态化学计量学:复杂生命系统奥秘的探索[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(6):141-153.
[3]王绍强,于贵瑞.生态系统碳氮磷元素的生态化学计量学特征[J].生态学报,2008,28(8):3937-3947.
[4]Austin A T,Vitousek P M.Introduction to a Virtual Special Issue on ecological stoichiometry and global change[J].New Phytologist,2012,196(3):649-651.
[5]程滨,赵永军,张文广,等.生态化学计量学研究进展[J].生态学报,2010,30(6):1628-1637.
[6]李玮,郑子成,李廷轩.不同植茶年限土壤团聚体碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(1):9-16.
[7]刘文龙.胶州湾湿地生态系统碳氮磷含量及生态化学计量学特征[D].青岛:青岛大学,2014.
[8]于贵瑞,李轩然,赵宁,等.生态化学计量学在陆地生态系统碳-氮-水耦合循环理论体系中作用初探[J].第四纪研究,2014,34(4):881-890.
[9]Zhang Z,Lu X,Song X,et al.Soil C,N and P stoichiometry of Deyeuxia angustifolia and Carex lasiocarpa wetlands in Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2012,12(9):1309-1315.
[10]王维奇,仝川,贾瑞霞,等.不同淹水频率下湿地土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(3):238-242.
[11]韩华.崇明滩涂湿地不同水盐梯度下植物群落碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征[D].上海:华东师范大学,2014.
[12]王维奇,王纯,曾从盛,等.闽江河口不同河段芦苇湿地土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征[J].生态学报,2012,32(13):4087-4093.
[13]胡敏杰,邹芳芳,邹双全.盐度梯度下闽江口短叶茳芏湿地土壤生态化学计量学特征[J].城市环境与城市生态,2014,27(4):17-21.
[14]刘文龙,谢文霞,赵全升,等.胶州湾芦苇潮滩土壤碳、氮和磷分布及生态化学计量学特征[J].湿地科学,2014,(3):362-368.
[15]荣戗戗,刘京涛,夏江宝,等.莱州湾湿地柽柳叶片N、P生态化学计量学特征[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(12):3032-3037.
[16]吴统贵,吴明,刘丽,等.杭州湾滨海湿地3种草本植物叶片N、P化学计量学的季节变化[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(1):23-28.
[17]肖烨,商丽娜,黄志刚,等.吉林东部山地沼泽湿地土壤碳、氮、磷含量及其生态化学计量学特征[J].地理科学,2014,34(8):994-1001.
[18]郑艳明,尧波,吴琴,等.鄱阳湖湿地两种优势植物叶片C、N、P动态特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(20):6488-6496.
[19]阎凯,付登高,何峰,等.滇池流域富磷区不同土壤磷水平下植物叶片的养分化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(4):353-361.
[20]刘其霞.人工湿地植物营养元素积累及其生态化学计量学研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006.
[21]孙超.基于生态化学计量学的草地退化研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2012.
[22]刘丽云.黄河三角洲湿地演化及其驱动力研究[D].济南:山东师范大学,2007.
[23]崔保山,李英华,杨志峰.基于管理目标的黄河三角洲湿地生态需水量[J].生态学报,2005,25(3):606-614.
[24]董洪芳,于君宝,孙志高,等.黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地植物-土壤系统有机碳空间分布特征[J].环境科学,2010,31(6):1594-1599.
[25]于君宝,陈小兵,毛培利,等.新生滨海湿地土壤微量营养元素空间分异特征[J].湿地科学,2010,8(3):213-219.
[26]屈凡柱.黄河三角洲滨海芦苇湿地磷的生物地球化学过程[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2014.
[27]Tian H,Chen G,Zhang C,et al.Pattern and variation of C︰N︰P ratios in China's soils:A synthesis of observational data[J].Biogeochemistry,2010,98(1-3):139-151.
[28]丁喜桂,叶思源,赵广明,等.黄河三角洲滨海湿地演化及其对碳与营养成分的扣留[J].海洋与湖沼,2014,45(1):94-102.
[29]王启栋,宋金明,李学刚.黄河口湿地有机碳来源及其对碳埋藏提升策略的启示[J].生态学报,2015,35(2):568-576.
[30]Xu G,Shao H,Sun J,et al.Phosphorus fractions and profile distribution in newly formed wetland soils along a salinity gradient in the Yellow River Delta in China[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2012,175(5):721-728.
[31]刘景双,杨继松,于君宝,等.三江平原沼泽湿地土壤有机碳的垂直分布特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(3):5-8.
[32]Cao L,Song J,Li X,et al.Geochemical characteristics of soil C,N,P,and their stoichiometrical significance in the coastal wetlands of Laizhou Bay,Bohai Sea[J].CLEAN-Soil,Air,Water,2015,43(2):260-270.
[33]屈凡柱.黄河三角洲滨海湿地土壤磷组分研究[D].烟台:中科院烟台海岸带研究所,2010.
[34]欧维新,杨桂山,高建华.盐城潮滩湿地对N、P营养物质的截留效应研究[J].湿地科学,2006,4(3):179-186.
[35]郭胜利,党廷辉,刘守赞,等.磷素吸附特性演变及其与土壤磷素形态、土壤有机碳含量的关系[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(1):33-39.
[36]李霞.土壤磷素耦合的水田碳-氮库动态消长规律及其生态化学计量学调控潜能[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014.
[37]刘万德,苏建荣,李帅锋,等.云南普洱季风常绿阔叶林演替系列植物和土壤C、N、P化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2010,30(23):6581
[38]邢伟,吴昊平,史俏,等.生态化学计量学理论的应用、完善与扩展[J].生态科学,2015,34(1):190-197.
[39]Cleveland C C,Liptzin D.C︰N︰P stoichiometry in soil:Is there a“Redfield ratio”for the microbial biomass?[J].Biogeochemistry,2007,85(3):235-252.
[40]胡斌.黄土高原旱作农田地膜覆盖下土壤磷素转化、机质矿化及土壤生态化学计量学特征[D].兰州:兰州大学,2013.
[41]于泉洲,张祖陆,吕建树,等.1987-2008年南四湖湿地植被碳储量时空变化特征[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(9):1527-1532.
[42]刘春英,周文斌.我国湿地碳循环的研究进展[J].土壤通报,2012,43(5):1264-1270.
[43]王健.黄河三角洲湿地生态旅游开发研究[D].济南:山东师范大学,2010.
[44]张晓娟.蓝色经济战略下的黄河三角洲湿地生态保护研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.
[45]苑亚茹.不同土地利用与施肥管理对黑土团聚体中有机碳的影响[D].长春:东北地理与农业生态研究所,2013.