山茶花品种观赏性状的主成分分析与观赏价值综合评价
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摘要
【目的】为山茶花科学引种和育种目标性状的选择提供参考。【方法】运用相关性分析和主成分分析法提取影响山茶花观赏性的关键因子,对28个山茶花品种进行观赏价值的综合评价与观赏品种的筛选,构建观赏价值综合评价模型。【结果】山茶花各观赏性状之间存在显著相关性,花量、瓣数与花期呈极显著正相关,花色与新叶色呈极显著正相关;13个性状可综合为花量因子、花期因子、花径因子、色彩因子和叶形因子等5个主成分,累积贡献率达85.48%,具有生物学意义;28个品种评为3个等级,筛选出金碧辉煌、花宝珠、花鹤翎、花芙蓉、正黄旗、黄的旋律、小桃红、红叶贝拉、杰作等9个观赏价值Ⅰ级的品种,评价结果与实地观测效果基本一致。【结论】山茶花观赏价值主要受花量、花期、花径、色彩和叶形等因子的综合影响,花量和花期是最关键的影响因子,要重点选择花大色艳、花量丰富、花期长,或具彩叶特征,整体观赏性强的品种作为推广栽培或育种的优良亲本材料。
【Objective】For introducing and breeding new varieties.【Method】Ornamental value of 28 Camellia cultivars was evaluated,key appealing factors of Camellia were selected using the correlation and principal component analysis to construct a comprehensive evaluation model.【Result】Significant correlations among the various traits were observed.For instance,the flower count and petal number correlated significantly with florescence,and flower color with new leaf color.Those 13 characteristic traits were grouped into 5 principal components:flower count,florescence,flower diameter,leaf color,and leaf shape with a total cumulative contribution of 85.48%for the differentiation.Flower count and florescence were critical with biological significance as well.Based on their ornamental values,the 28 varieties were classified into 3 grades.The 9 varieties judged to be excellent were Jinbihuihuang,Variegated Precious Pearl,Variegated Crane's Feather,Variegated Hibiscus,Kigirohi,Senritsu-Ko,Otome,Red Leaf Bella,and Masterpiece.The results were basically in agreement with field observation.【Conclusion】The ornamental value of Camellia was governed by the flower count,florescence,flower diameter,leaf color and leaf shape with the flower count and florescence as the determinant factors.Thus,varieties with large and abundant flowers,long florescence period,and attractive leaves should be the choice for cultivation and breeding.
【Objective】For introducing and breeding new varieties.【Method】Ornamental value of 28 Camellia cultivars was evaluated,key appealing factors of Camellia were selected using the correlation and principal component analysis to construct a comprehensive evaluation model.【Result】Significant correlations among the various traits were observed.For instance,the flower count and petal number correlated significantly with florescence,and flower color with new leaf color.Those 13 characteristic traits were grouped into 5 principal components:flower count,florescence,flower diameter,leaf color,and leaf shape with a total cumulative contribution of 85.48%for the differentiation.Flower count and florescence were critical with biological significance as well.Based on their ornamental values,the 28 varieties were classified into 3 grades.The 9 varieties judged to be excellent were Jinbihuihuang,Variegated Precious Pearl,Variegated Crane's Feather,Variegated Hibiscus,Kigirohi,Senritsu-Ko,Otome,Red Leaf Bella,and Masterpiece.The results were basically in agreement with field observation.【Conclusion】The ornamental value of Camellia was governed by the flower count,florescence,flower diameter,leaf color and leaf shape with the flower count and florescence as the determinant factors.Thus,varieties with large and abundant flowers,long florescence period,and attractive leaves should be the choice for cultivation and breeding.
引文
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[17]殷爱华,全一叶,田雪琴.高观赏性茶花种,品种的筛选及评价[J].防护林科技,2018(3):14-16,22.YIN A H,QUAN Y Y,TIAN X Q.Screening and evaluation of high ornamental Camellia species and varieties[J].Protection Forest Science and Technology,2018(3):14-16,22.(in Chinese)
[18]李静萍,曾玉亮,谢邦昌.多元统计方法与应用[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2008:21-22.LI J P,ZENG Y L,XIE B C.Multivariate Statistical Method and Its Application[M].Beijing:Renmin University of China Press,2008:21.(in Chinese)
[19]郭英姿,贾文庆,刘会超,等.三十二个品种芍药观赏性状的主成分分析[J].北方园艺,2018(4):20-21.GUO Y Z,JIA W Q,LIU H C,et al.Principal component analysis of ornamental traits of thirty-two Paeonialactiflora varieties[J].Northern Horticulture,2018(4):20-21.(in Chinese)
[20]陈和明,朱根发,操君喜,等.蝴蝶兰27个品种观赏性状评价[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(6):1060-1064.CHEN H M,ZHU G F,CAO J X,et al.Ornamental characteristics evaluation of 27 Phalaenopsis varieties[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2013,34(6):1060-1064.(in Chinese)
[21]许晶,张何信,雷金睿.基于主成分分析法的猴面包树观赏性状评价研究[J].热带林业,2018(2):31-33.XU J,ZHANG H X,LEI J R.Evaluation of omamental characters of Adansonia digitata L.based on principal component analysis[J].Tropical Forestry,2018(2):31-33.(in Chinese)
[22]郭卫珍,张亚利,王荷,等.5个山茶品种的叶色变化及相关生理研究[J].浙江农林大学学报,2015,32(5):729-735.GUO W Z,ZHANG Y L,WANG H,et al.Leaf color transformation and related physiological changes for five Camellia cultivars[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,2015,32(5):729-735.(in Chinese)
[23]应震,李纪元,殷恒福,等.红叶山茶品种花青素苷相关基因表达水平及代谢产物分析[J].林业科学研究,2017,30(6):1034-1040.YING Z,LI J Y,YIN H F,et al.Analysis of gene expressing and metabolites for synthesising anthocyanins influencing the red color of leaves of Camellia cultivar[J].Forest Research,2017,30(6):1034-1040.(in Chinese)
[2]VELA P,SALINERO C,SAINZ M J.Phenological growth stages of Camellia japonica[J].Annals of AppliedBiology,2013,162(2):182-190.
[3]ZHANG Y L,GUO W Z,LI X P,et al.Analysis of the impact of heat on new camellias using nondestructive methods[J].Acta physiologiae plantarum,2018,40(5):84.
[4]LI J B,HASHIMOTO F,SHIMIZU K,et al.Chemical taxonomy of red-flowered wild Camellia species basedon floral anthocyanins[J].Phytochemistry,2013,85:99-106.
[5]RYU Y,KIM I R,SU M H,et al.Phylogeographical study of Camellia japonica inferred from AFLP and chloroplast DNAhaplotype analyses[J].Journal of Plant Biology,2019,62(1):14-26.
[6]张玥,蓝增全,吴田.云南大围山金花茶种质资源的ISSR分析[J].分子植物育种,2018,16(2):649-655.ZHANG Y,LAN Z Q,WU T.ISSR Analysis of Camellia nitidissima germplasm resources from Dawei Mountain in Yunnan[J].Molecular Plant Breeding,2018,16(2):649-655.(in Chinese)
[7]韦晓娟,梁晓静,廖健明,等.7种越南金花茶生物学特性及繁殖技术[J].广西林业科学,2017(3):248-252.WEI X J,LIANG X J,LIAO J M,et al.Biological characteristics and reproductive technology of 7Vietnam golden Camellia[J].Guangxi Forestry Science,2017(3):248-252.(in Chinese)
[8]BRO R,SMILDE A K.Principal component analysis[J].Analytical Methods,2014,6(9):2812-2831.
[9]KARA D.Evaluation of trace metal concentrations in some herbs and herbal teas by principal component analysis[J].Food Chemistry,2009,114(1):347-354.
[10]THAKUR S,THAKUR I K.Principal component analysis of growth and biomass characteristics for different progenies of Ulmus villosa Brandis[J].Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2016,29(1):71-74.
[11]雷小华,涂炳坤,王茂丽,等.主成分分析在香椿性状评价和优良单株选择中的运用[J].华中农业大学学报,2006,25(4):441-444.LEI X H,TU B K,WANG M L,et al.Character evaluation and superior selection of Toona sinensis by principal component analysis[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2006,25(4):441-444.(in Chinese)
[12]宋良红,郭欢欢,侯少培,等.观赏向日葵观赏价值评价体系的建立[J].河南科学,2015,33(6):934-937.SONG L H,GUO H H,HOU S P,et al.Establishment of ornamental value system of Helianthus annuus[J].Henan Science,2015,33(6):934-937.(in Chinese)
[13]陈和明,吕复兵,李佐,等.蝴蝶兰品质性状综合评价体系的构建[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(8):83-94.CHEN H M,LV F B,LI Z,et al.Establishment of comprehensive evaluation system on quality traits in Phalaenopsis[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2017,22(8):83-94.(in Chinese)
[14]廖美兰,王华新,周修任,等.广西二十种金花茶观赏价值综合评价[J].北方园艺,2015(9):67-70.LIAO M L,WANG H X,ZHOU X R,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of ornamental value for twenty species of Camellia chrysantha in Guangxi[J].Northern Horticulture,2015(9):67-70.(in Chinese)
[15]SCARIOT V,GULLINO P.Evaluation of flowering time and ornamental characteristics in Autumn Camellias[J].Acta Horticulturae,2010:319-324.
[16]陈俊愉,王四清,王香春.花卉育种中的几个关键环节[J].园艺学报,1995,22(4):372-376.CHEN J Y,WANG S Q,WANG X C.Several key problems in breeding of ornamental plants[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,1995,22(4):372-376.(in Chinese)
[17]殷爱华,全一叶,田雪琴.高观赏性茶花种,品种的筛选及评价[J].防护林科技,2018(3):14-16,22.YIN A H,QUAN Y Y,TIAN X Q.Screening and evaluation of high ornamental Camellia species and varieties[J].Protection Forest Science and Technology,2018(3):14-16,22.(in Chinese)
[18]李静萍,曾玉亮,谢邦昌.多元统计方法与应用[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2008:21-22.LI J P,ZENG Y L,XIE B C.Multivariate Statistical Method and Its Application[M].Beijing:Renmin University of China Press,2008:21.(in Chinese)
[19]郭英姿,贾文庆,刘会超,等.三十二个品种芍药观赏性状的主成分分析[J].北方园艺,2018(4):20-21.GUO Y Z,JIA W Q,LIU H C,et al.Principal component analysis of ornamental traits of thirty-two Paeonialactiflora varieties[J].Northern Horticulture,2018(4):20-21.(in Chinese)
[20]陈和明,朱根发,操君喜,等.蝴蝶兰27个品种观赏性状评价[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(6):1060-1064.CHEN H M,ZHU G F,CAO J X,et al.Ornamental characteristics evaluation of 27 Phalaenopsis varieties[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2013,34(6):1060-1064.(in Chinese)
[21]许晶,张何信,雷金睿.基于主成分分析法的猴面包树观赏性状评价研究[J].热带林业,2018(2):31-33.XU J,ZHANG H X,LEI J R.Evaluation of omamental characters of Adansonia digitata L.based on principal component analysis[J].Tropical Forestry,2018(2):31-33.(in Chinese)
[22]郭卫珍,张亚利,王荷,等.5个山茶品种的叶色变化及相关生理研究[J].浙江农林大学学报,2015,32(5):729-735.GUO W Z,ZHANG Y L,WANG H,et al.Leaf color transformation and related physiological changes for five Camellia cultivars[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,2015,32(5):729-735.(in Chinese)
[23]应震,李纪元,殷恒福,等.红叶山茶品种花青素苷相关基因表达水平及代谢产物分析[J].林业科学研究,2017,30(6):1034-1040.YING Z,LI J Y,YIN H F,et al.Analysis of gene expressing and metabolites for synthesising anthocyanins influencing the red color of leaves of Camellia cultivar[J].Forest Research,2017,30(6):1034-1040.(in Chinese)