基于空间核密度的新型城镇化实验区农村居民点变化研究——以天津市蓟州区为例
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摘要
[目的]天津市蓟州区于2016年被列为第一批国家新型城镇化综合试点地区,深入分析天津市蓟州区改革开放以来农村居民点的演变过程及其特征,能够为该地区新型城镇化政策的制定和实施提供参考。[方法]文章利用1980年、2000年和2015年3期蓟州区土地利用数据,通过计算土地利用转移矩阵,分析了蓟州区1980~2000年和2000~2015年两个时期土地利用变化情况;采用景观格局指数法,对蓟州区农村居民点斑块空间分布特征进行定量分析;采用空间核密度估计法对3个年份农村居民点进行密度计算,通过对比研究区各期核密度值变化,分析1980~2015年农村居民点的变化特征。[结果]1980~2000年蓟州区农村居民点规模整体变化较小,城乡、工矿、居民用地增加了3 140.2hm~2,其主要来源为耕地。农村居民点斑块数量有所减少,但农村居民点平均斑块面积有所增加,农村居民点变化主要集中在离城区较近的中部平原地区;2000~2015年蓟州区农村居民点整体上有较大发展,城乡、工矿、居民用地增加4 823.6hm2,其主要来源为耕地、林地和草地3种地类,农村居民点斑块数量和面积加权平均形状指数明显增大,聚集度降低,研究区内景观趋向破碎化,居民点分布更为分散。北方山区发展十分突出,受当地重点发展农村特色旅游政策的影响,北方山区农村居民点变化较大,居民点数量增加,规模扩张明显。[结论]在未来新型城镇化发展的过程中,官庄镇、下营镇等新形成的高核密度值全新居民点组团,可以优先考虑作为新型城镇化建设的重点区域。
Jizhou District of Tianjin municipality was selected as the comprehensive pilot area of national new-type urbanization in the first batch in 2016. To analyze the process and characteristics of rural settlement evolution in Jizhou since the launch of Reform and Opening-up Policy can provide references for the formulation and implementation of the new-type urbanization policy in the region. This paper calculated two land use transfer matrixes in Jizhou using the land use data in 1980,2000 and 2015. The landscape pattern index method was adopted to quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlement patches. The kernel density estimation method was utilized to calculate the kernel density values of rural settlement in 1980,2000 and 2015. Then the change characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that the changes of rural settlement in Jizhou were small from 1980 to 2000. The construction land increased by 3 140. 2 hm~2,due to the conversion from cultivated land. The number of rural settlement patches decreased while the average patch size increased. The changed rural settlements were mainly distributed in middle plain which was close to urban areas. From 2000 to 2015,the rural settlements in Jizhou changed significantly. The construction land increased by 4 823. 6 hm~2,and sourced from cultivated land,woodland and grassland. The number of patch and the Area-Weighted Mean Shape Index of rural settlements increased significantly while the Aggregation Index decreased. The landscape was more fragmented compared to the previous period. In addition,the distribution of settlements became more dispersed. The expansion of rural settlements in the northern mountainous areas was prominent. Affected by the local policy of developing rural tourism,the rural settlements in the northern mountainous areas changed significantly featured with the expansion of numbers and scales. In the future when developing new-type urbanization,some new developed rural settlement groups with high kernel density values such as Guanzhuang town and Xiaying town,were suggested to be planned as the key areas for new-type urbanization.
Jizhou District of Tianjin municipality was selected as the comprehensive pilot area of national new-type urbanization in the first batch in 2016. To analyze the process and characteristics of rural settlement evolution in Jizhou since the launch of Reform and Opening-up Policy can provide references for the formulation and implementation of the new-type urbanization policy in the region. This paper calculated two land use transfer matrixes in Jizhou using the land use data in 1980,2000 and 2015. The landscape pattern index method was adopted to quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlement patches. The kernel density estimation method was utilized to calculate the kernel density values of rural settlement in 1980,2000 and 2015. Then the change characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that the changes of rural settlement in Jizhou were small from 1980 to 2000. The construction land increased by 3 140. 2 hm~2,due to the conversion from cultivated land. The number of rural settlement patches decreased while the average patch size increased. The changed rural settlements were mainly distributed in middle plain which was close to urban areas. From 2000 to 2015,the rural settlements in Jizhou changed significantly. The construction land increased by 4 823. 6 hm~2,and sourced from cultivated land,woodland and grassland. The number of patch and the Area-Weighted Mean Shape Index of rural settlements increased significantly while the Aggregation Index decreased. The landscape was more fragmented compared to the previous period. In addition,the distribution of settlements became more dispersed. The expansion of rural settlements in the northern mountainous areas was prominent. Affected by the local policy of developing rural tourism,the rural settlements in the northern mountainous areas changed significantly featured with the expansion of numbers and scales. In the future when developing new-type urbanization,some new developed rural settlement groups with high kernel density values such as Guanzhuang town and Xiaying town,were suggested to be planned as the key areas for new-type urbanization.
引文
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[14]蔡为民,张佰林,张凤荣,等.沂蒙山区农户生计变迁及其住宅形态的响应研究.自然资源学报,2017,14(4):704~714
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[18]曲衍波,张凤荣,郭力娜,等.京郊不同城市功能区农村居民点用地集约度的比较研究.资源科学,2011,33(4):720~728
[19]刘彦随,刘玉,翟荣新.中国农村空心化的地理学研究与整治实践.地理学报,2009,64(10):1193~1202
[20]宋伟,陈百明,张英.中国村庄宅基地空心化评价及其影响因素.地理研究,2013,32(1):20~28
[21]宋文,吴克宁,刘霈珈,等.基于空间自相关的区域农村居民点分布与环境的关系研究.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(12):70~77
[22]宋伟,陈百明,张英.中国村庄宅基地空心化评价及其影响因素.地理研究,2013,32(1):20~28
[23]李鹏山,吕雅慧,张超,等.基于核密度估计的京津冀地区耕地破碎化分析.农业机械学报,2016,47(5):281~287
[24]黄聪,赵小敏,郭熙,等.基于核密度的余江县农村居民点布局优化研究.中国农业大学学报,2016,21(11):165~174
[25]蔡雪娇,吴志峰,程炯.基于核密度估算的路网格局与景观破碎化分析.生态学杂志,2012,31(1):158~164
[26]刘峻岭,李申,孟伟庆.基于景观格局与生态过程的土地整理生态效应评价---以天津市七里海镇为例.中国农业资源与区划,2014,35(1):95~101
[27]于佳,张磊.土地利用景观格局动态效应分析---以长春市为例.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(12):98~103
[28]孙才志,闫晓露,钟敬秋.下辽河平原景观格局脆弱性及空间关联格局.生态学报,2014,34(2):247~257
[29]海贝贝,李小建,许家伟.巩义市农村居民点空间格局演变及其影响因素.地理研究,2013,32(12):2257~2269
[30]黄思琴,陈英,张仁陟,等.基于景观格局指数的农村居民点土地利用分区研究.中国农学通报,2014,30(23):98~103
[31]石玉胜,肖捷颖,沈彦俊,等.土地利用与景观格局变化的空间分异特征研究---以天津市蓟县地区为例.中国生态农业学报,2010,18(2):416~421
[32]许倩瑛.可持续发展理念下的城乡一体化规划研究---以天津市蓟县为例.城市,2009(6):65~68
[33]王楠,张戈,李楠.天津蓟县乡村旅游规划策略研究.现代城市研究,2016(8):127~132
[34]闫守刚.生态旅游可持续发展评价指标体系及评估模型研究---以天津蓟县为例.天津:天津师范大学,2006
[35]李婕.“农家乐”旅游发展现状及可持续发展问题研究---以天津市蓟县下营镇大平安村“农家乐”旅游为例.天津经济,2015(7):31~34
[2]张贵军,朱永明,臧亮,等.新型城镇化背景下昌黎县农村居民点空间重构评价与分区.农业工程学报,2016,32(12):237~246
[3]周宁,郝晋珉.基于人地关系的农村居民点整理现实潜力研究---以河北省曲周县为例.中国农业大学学报,2012,17(2):159~163
[4]田光进,刘纪远,张增祥,等.基于遥感与GIS的中国农村居民点规模分布特征.遥感学报,2002,6(4):307~312
[5]李飞,张树文,杨久春,等.北方农牧交错带农村居民点分布特征及其对土地利用的影响---以科尔沁左翼中旗为例.地理科学,2015,35(3):328~333
[6]李裕瑞,刘彦随,龙花楼.中国农村人口与农村居民点用地的时空变化.自然资源学报,2010,25(10):1629~1638
[7]谭雪兰,周国华,朱苏晖,等.长沙市农村居民点景观格局变化及地域分异特征研究.地理科学,2015,35(2):204~210
[8]李冬梅,王冬艳,李红,等.吉中低山丘陵区农村居民点时空演变.经济地理,2016,36(5):143~151
[9]周洁,卢青,田晓玉,等.基于GIS的巩义市农村居民点景观格局时空演变研究.河南农业大学学报,2011,45(4):472~476
[10]晨光,张凤荣,张佰林.农牧交错区农村居民点土地利用形态演变---以内蒙古自治区阿鲁科尔沁旗为例.地理科学进展,2015,34(10):1316~1323
[11]李小建,许家伟,海贝贝.县域聚落分布格局演变分析---基于1929~2013年河南巩义的实证研究.地理学报,2015,70(12):1870~1883
[12]姜广辉,张凤荣,周丁扬,等.北京市农村居民点用地内部结构特征的区位分析.资源科学,2007,29(2):109~116
[13]曹子剑,张凤荣,姜广辉,等.北京市平谷区不同区域农村居民点内部结构差异分析.地理科学进展,2008,27(2):121~126
[14]蔡为民,张佰林,张凤荣,等.沂蒙山区农户生计变迁及其住宅形态的响应研究.自然资源学报,2017,14(4):704~714
[15]宋伟,陈百明,姜广辉.中国农村居民点整理潜力研究综述.经济地理,2010,30(11):1871~1877
[16]宋伟,张凤荣,孔祥斌,等.自然经济限制性下天津市农村居民点整理潜力估算.自然资源学报,2006,21(6):157~157
[17]曲衍波,张凤荣,宋伟,等.农村居民点整理潜力综合修正与测算---以北京市平谷区为例.地理学报,2012,67(4):490~503
[18]曲衍波,张凤荣,郭力娜,等.京郊不同城市功能区农村居民点用地集约度的比较研究.资源科学,2011,33(4):720~728
[19]刘彦随,刘玉,翟荣新.中国农村空心化的地理学研究与整治实践.地理学报,2009,64(10):1193~1202
[20]宋伟,陈百明,张英.中国村庄宅基地空心化评价及其影响因素.地理研究,2013,32(1):20~28
[21]宋文,吴克宁,刘霈珈,等.基于空间自相关的区域农村居民点分布与环境的关系研究.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(12):70~77
[22]宋伟,陈百明,张英.中国村庄宅基地空心化评价及其影响因素.地理研究,2013,32(1):20~28
[23]李鹏山,吕雅慧,张超,等.基于核密度估计的京津冀地区耕地破碎化分析.农业机械学报,2016,47(5):281~287
[24]黄聪,赵小敏,郭熙,等.基于核密度的余江县农村居民点布局优化研究.中国农业大学学报,2016,21(11):165~174
[25]蔡雪娇,吴志峰,程炯.基于核密度估算的路网格局与景观破碎化分析.生态学杂志,2012,31(1):158~164
[26]刘峻岭,李申,孟伟庆.基于景观格局与生态过程的土地整理生态效应评价---以天津市七里海镇为例.中国农业资源与区划,2014,35(1):95~101
[27]于佳,张磊.土地利用景观格局动态效应分析---以长春市为例.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(12):98~103
[28]孙才志,闫晓露,钟敬秋.下辽河平原景观格局脆弱性及空间关联格局.生态学报,2014,34(2):247~257
[29]海贝贝,李小建,许家伟.巩义市农村居民点空间格局演变及其影响因素.地理研究,2013,32(12):2257~2269
[30]黄思琴,陈英,张仁陟,等.基于景观格局指数的农村居民点土地利用分区研究.中国农学通报,2014,30(23):98~103
[31]石玉胜,肖捷颖,沈彦俊,等.土地利用与景观格局变化的空间分异特征研究---以天津市蓟县地区为例.中国生态农业学报,2010,18(2):416~421
[32]许倩瑛.可持续发展理念下的城乡一体化规划研究---以天津市蓟县为例.城市,2009(6):65~68
[33]王楠,张戈,李楠.天津蓟县乡村旅游规划策略研究.现代城市研究,2016(8):127~132
[34]闫守刚.生态旅游可持续发展评价指标体系及评估模型研究---以天津蓟县为例.天津:天津师范大学,2006
[35]李婕.“农家乐”旅游发展现状及可持续发展问题研究---以天津市蓟县下营镇大平安村“农家乐”旅游为例.天津经济,2015(7):31~34