塔里木盆地西北缘通古孜布隆剖面下奥陶统蓬莱坝组白云石化流体来源及白云岩成因分析
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摘要
通过剖面观测、岩石学特征对比和地球化学分析,对塔里木盆地西北缘通古孜布隆剖面蓬莱坝组白云岩的白云石化流体来源和白云岩成因进行探讨。观测结果表明:白云岩的主要类型有粉晶自形-半自形白云岩、细晶自形-半自形白云岩、中晶半自形-它形白云岩和粗晶半自形-它形白云岩;粉-细晶白云岩主要分布于蓬莱坝组下段,粉晶白云岩质地均一,细晶白云岩普遍发育雾心亮边;中-粗晶白云岩主要分布于蓬莱坝组上段,并与砂屑灰岩高频次互层,发育残余颗粒结构和少量晶间孔、残余粒间孔。地球化学分析结果表明:各类白云岩稀土元素配分模式与同期灰岩相似,具有LREE富集、HREE亏损、Ce异常不明显、Eu负异常的特征,碳、氧同位素值位于同期海相白云石范围内,指示白云石化流体为同期正常或偏咸海水;粉-细晶白云岩具有低Fe,Mn和高Sr,Ba的特征,为近地表中等盐度海水渗透回流作用的产物,多期次流体作用使细晶白云岩发生过度白云石化,形成雾心亮边或环带;中-粗晶白云岩在近地表浅埋藏阶段就被半局限台地环境下蒸发作用产生的偏咸海水交代,高频海平面变化导致周期性的白云石化作用,从而导致砂屑灰岩与残余颗粒白云岩周期性叠置,阴极发光显微镜下可见次生加大边,与粉-细晶白云岩相比,具有Fe,Mn含量增高而Sr,Ba含量降低的特征,表明在后期受埋藏作用的影响发生重结晶,具有早期渗透回流形成、中期埋藏重结晶加强的成因特征。
Based on comprehensive analysis of field work, petrological and geochemical characteristics, the authors study the sources of dolomitizing fluids and the models of dolomitization of the Lower Ordovician Penglaiba Formation in Tongguzibulong Outcrop, the northwestern margin of Tarim Basin, China. Four types of dolomite are recognized: euhedral-subhedral powder crystallized dolomite, euhedral-subhedral fine crystallized dolomite, subhedral-xenotopic medium crystallized dolomite and subhedral-xenotopic coarse crystallized dolomite. Powder-fine crystallized dolomite is distributed in the lower part of Penglaiba Formation, and has cloudy center surrounded by clear rim. With residual sand texture, inter-crystal pores and inter-partical pores, medium-coarse crystallized dolomite is distributed in the upper part of Penglaiba Formation. The REE patterns of dolomite and contemporaneous limestone rich in LREE and deplete in HREE, present a trait of unobvious Ce anomaly and Eu negative anomaly, the values of C-O isotope locate in the scope of contemporaneous marine dolomite, and Eu negative anomaly. All these denote that the dolomitizing fluid is normal or slightly concentrated seawater. Besides, Powder-fine crystallized dolomite present a low value of Fe, Mn and a high value of Sr, Ba, formed by reflux seepage dolomitization in penesaline seawater. Cloudy center surrounded by clear rim texture and multi-rimmed texture are the results of over-dolomitization. Medium-coarse crystallized dolomite with residual grain texture, interbedded with sand limestone, are controlled by high frequency sea level change. With a higher value of Fe, Mn and a lower value of Sr, Ba when compared with powder-fine crystallized dolomite, medium-coarse dolomite formed by the early reflux seepage dolomitization and intensified by the subsequent burial recrystallization.
Based on comprehensive analysis of field work, petrological and geochemical characteristics, the authors study the sources of dolomitizing fluids and the models of dolomitization of the Lower Ordovician Penglaiba Formation in Tongguzibulong Outcrop, the northwestern margin of Tarim Basin, China. Four types of dolomite are recognized: euhedral-subhedral powder crystallized dolomite, euhedral-subhedral fine crystallized dolomite, subhedral-xenotopic medium crystallized dolomite and subhedral-xenotopic coarse crystallized dolomite. Powder-fine crystallized dolomite is distributed in the lower part of Penglaiba Formation, and has cloudy center surrounded by clear rim. With residual sand texture, inter-crystal pores and inter-partical pores, medium-coarse crystallized dolomite is distributed in the upper part of Penglaiba Formation. The REE patterns of dolomite and contemporaneous limestone rich in LREE and deplete in HREE, present a trait of unobvious Ce anomaly and Eu negative anomaly, the values of C-O isotope locate in the scope of contemporaneous marine dolomite, and Eu negative anomaly. All these denote that the dolomitizing fluid is normal or slightly concentrated seawater. Besides, Powder-fine crystallized dolomite present a low value of Fe, Mn and a high value of Sr, Ba, formed by reflux seepage dolomitization in penesaline seawater. Cloudy center surrounded by clear rim texture and multi-rimmed texture are the results of over-dolomitization. Medium-coarse crystallized dolomite with residual grain texture, interbedded with sand limestone, are controlled by high frequency sea level change. With a higher value of Fe, Mn and a lower value of Sr, Ba when compared with powder-fine crystallized dolomite, medium-coarse dolomite formed by the early reflux seepage dolomitization and intensified by the subsequent burial recrystallization.
引文
[1]王大鹏,白国平,徐艳,等.全球古生界海相碳酸盐岩大油气田特征及油气分布.古地理学报,2016,18(1):80-92
[2]赵文智,沈安江,胡素云,等.塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系白云岩储层类型与分布特征.岩石学报,2012,28(3):758-768
[3]吕海涛,丁勇,耿锋.塔里木盆地奥陶系油气成藏规律与勘探方向.石油与天然气地质,2014,35(6):798-805
[4]郑剑锋,沈安江,乔占峰,等.柯坪-巴楚露头区蓬莱坝组白云岩特征及孔隙成因.石油学报,2014,35(4):664-672
[5]黄擎宇,刘伟,张艳秋,等.塔里木盆地中央隆起区上寒武统-下奥陶统白云岩地球化学特征及白云石化流体演化规律.古地理学报,2016,18(4):661-676
[6]贺勇,韩詹,白晓亮,等.塔里木盆地下奥陶统蓬莱坝组白云岩储层特征.天然气技术与经济,2012,6(3):10-13
[7]林新,蒋海军,岳勇,等.玉北地区下奥陶统蓬莱坝组白云岩储层特征及控制因素.岩性油气藏,2014,26(3):59-66
[8]杨威,王清华,刘效曾.塔里木盆地和田河气田下奥陶统白云岩成因.沉积学报,2000,18(4):544-548
[9]乔占峰,沈安江,郑剑锋,等.塔里木盆地下奥陶统白云岩类型及其成因.古地理学报,2012,14(1):21-32
[10]杜洋,樊太亮,高志前.塔里木盆地中下奥陶统碳酸盐岩地球化学特征及其对成岩环境的指示——以巴楚大板塔格剖面和阿克苏蓬莱坝剖面为例.天然气地球科学,2016,27(8):1509-1523
[11]刘伟,黄擎宇,王坤,等.深埋藏阶段白云岩化作用及其对储层的影响——以塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩为例.天然气地球科学,2016,27(5):772-779
[12]贾承造,魏国齐.塔里木盆地构造特征与含油气性.科学通报,2002,47(增刊1):1-8
[13]宋倩,马青,董旭江,等.塔里木盆地北部地区奥陶系层序地层格架与沉积演化.古地理学报,2016,18(5):731-742
[14]Sibley D F,Gregg J M.Classification of dolomite rock textures.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1987,57(6):967-975
[15]Warren J.Dolomite:occurrence,evolution and economically important associations.Earth Science Reviews,2000,52:1-81
[16]郑剑锋,沈安江,刘永福,等.塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系白云岩成因及分布规律.新疆石油地质,2011,32(6):600-604
[17]陈永权,周新源,赵葵东,等.塔里木盆地中寒武统泥晶白云岩红层的地球化学特征与成因探讨.高校地质学报,2008,14(4):583-592
[18]Veizer J.Chemical diagenesis of carbonates:theory and application of trace element technique.Stable Isotopes in Sedimentary Geology,1983,10(3):1-100
[19]何莹,鲍志东,沈安江,等.塔里木盆地牙哈-英买力地区寒武系-下奥陶统白云岩形成机理.沉积学报,2006,24(6):806-818
[20]Veizer J,Demovic R.Strontium as a tool for facies analysis.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1974,44(1):93-115
[21]Mc Lennan S M.Rareearth elements in sedimentary rocks:influence of province and sedimentary processes.Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry,1989,21:169-200
[22]谢小敏,胡文瑄,王小林,等.新疆柯坪地区寒武纪-奥陶纪碳酸盐岩沉积旋回的碳氧同位素研究.地球化学,2009,38(1):75-88
[23]Derry L A,Keto L S,Jacobsen S B,et a1.Sr isotope variations in Upper Proterozoic carbonates from Svalbard and East Greenland.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1989,53:2331-2339
[24]吴双林,石开波,刘红光,等.塔里木盆地东北缘乌里格孜塔格中-下奥陶统巨斑状白云岩特征及成因研究.北京大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(3):444-456
[25]Sena C M,John C M,Jourdan A L,et al.Dolomitization of Lower Cretaceous peritidal carbonates by modified seawater:constraints from clumped isotopic paleothermometry,elemental chemistry,and strontium isotopes.Journal of Sedimentary Research,2014,84(7):552-566
[26]Haeri-Ardakani O,Al-Aasm I,Coniglio M.Petrologic and geochemical attributes of fracture-related dolomitization in Ordovician carbonates and their spatial distribution in southwestern Ontario,Canada.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2013,43(5):409-422
[27]张学丰,胡文瑄,张军涛,等.塔里木盆地下奥陶统白云岩化流体来源的地球化学分析.地学前缘,2008,15(2):80-89
[28]Veizer J,Ala D,Azmy K,et al.87Sr/86Sr,δ13C andδ18O evolution of Phanerozoic seawater.Chemical Geology,1999,161(1):59-88
[29]黄擎宇,刘伟,石书缘,等.塔中-巴麦地区下古生界不同结构类型白云岩元素地球化学特征.地球化学,2016,45(2):199-212
[30]Land L S.The isotopic and trace element geochemisttry of dolomites:the state of theart//Zenger D H,Dunham J B,Ethington R L.Concepts and mode of dolomitization.Tulsa:SEPM Special Publication,1980,28:11-30
[31]Mckenzie J A.Holocene dolomitization of calcium carbonate sediments from the Coastal Sabkhas of Abu Dhabi,UAE:a stable isotope study.Journal of Geology,1981,89(2):185-198
[32]Major R P,Lloyd R M,Lucia F J.Oxygen isotope composition of Holocene dolomite formed in a humid hypersaline setting.Geology,1992,20:586-588
[33]Sun S Q.A reappraisal of dolomite abundance and occurrence in the Phanerozoic.Journal of Sedimentary Research,1994,64(2):396-404
[34]Eren M,Kaplan M Y,Kadür S.Petrography,geochemistry and origin of Lower Liassic Dolomites in the Aydnck area,Mersin,Southern Turkey.Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences,2007,16:339-362
[35]Rameil N.Early diagenetic dolomitization and dedolomitization of Late Jurassic and Earliest Cretaceous platform carbonates:a case Study from the Jura Mountains(NW Switzerland,E France).Sedimentary Geology,2008,212:70-85
[36]袁鑫鹏,刘建波.回流渗透模式白云岩研究历史与进展.古地理学报,2012,14(2):219-228
[37]张建勇,郭庆新,寿建峰,等.新近纪海平面变化对白云石化的控制及对古老层系白云岩成因的启示.海相油气地质,2013,18(4):46-52
[38]黄擎宇,刘伟,张艳秋,等.白云石化作用及白云岩储层研究进展.地球科学进展,2015,30(5):539-551
[39]Saller A H,Henderson N.Distribution of porosity and permeability in platform dolomites:insight from the Permian of west Texas reply.AAPG Bulletin,2001,85(3):530-532
[40]Gregg J M,Sibley D F.Epigenetic dolomitization and the origin of xenotopic dolomite texture.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1984,54:908-931
[41]Kahle C F.Posiible roles of clay minerals in the formation of dolomites.J Sediment Petrol,1965,13:89-111
[42]Allen J R,Wiggins W D.Dolomite reservoirs:geochemical techniques for evalution origin and distribution.Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,1996,36(14):262-263
[2]赵文智,沈安江,胡素云,等.塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系白云岩储层类型与分布特征.岩石学报,2012,28(3):758-768
[3]吕海涛,丁勇,耿锋.塔里木盆地奥陶系油气成藏规律与勘探方向.石油与天然气地质,2014,35(6):798-805
[4]郑剑锋,沈安江,乔占峰,等.柯坪-巴楚露头区蓬莱坝组白云岩特征及孔隙成因.石油学报,2014,35(4):664-672
[5]黄擎宇,刘伟,张艳秋,等.塔里木盆地中央隆起区上寒武统-下奥陶统白云岩地球化学特征及白云石化流体演化规律.古地理学报,2016,18(4):661-676
[6]贺勇,韩詹,白晓亮,等.塔里木盆地下奥陶统蓬莱坝组白云岩储层特征.天然气技术与经济,2012,6(3):10-13
[7]林新,蒋海军,岳勇,等.玉北地区下奥陶统蓬莱坝组白云岩储层特征及控制因素.岩性油气藏,2014,26(3):59-66
[8]杨威,王清华,刘效曾.塔里木盆地和田河气田下奥陶统白云岩成因.沉积学报,2000,18(4):544-548
[9]乔占峰,沈安江,郑剑锋,等.塔里木盆地下奥陶统白云岩类型及其成因.古地理学报,2012,14(1):21-32
[10]杜洋,樊太亮,高志前.塔里木盆地中下奥陶统碳酸盐岩地球化学特征及其对成岩环境的指示——以巴楚大板塔格剖面和阿克苏蓬莱坝剖面为例.天然气地球科学,2016,27(8):1509-1523
[11]刘伟,黄擎宇,王坤,等.深埋藏阶段白云岩化作用及其对储层的影响——以塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩为例.天然气地球科学,2016,27(5):772-779
[12]贾承造,魏国齐.塔里木盆地构造特征与含油气性.科学通报,2002,47(增刊1):1-8
[13]宋倩,马青,董旭江,等.塔里木盆地北部地区奥陶系层序地层格架与沉积演化.古地理学报,2016,18(5):731-742
[14]Sibley D F,Gregg J M.Classification of dolomite rock textures.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1987,57(6):967-975
[15]Warren J.Dolomite:occurrence,evolution and economically important associations.Earth Science Reviews,2000,52:1-81
[16]郑剑锋,沈安江,刘永福,等.塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系白云岩成因及分布规律.新疆石油地质,2011,32(6):600-604
[17]陈永权,周新源,赵葵东,等.塔里木盆地中寒武统泥晶白云岩红层的地球化学特征与成因探讨.高校地质学报,2008,14(4):583-592
[18]Veizer J.Chemical diagenesis of carbonates:theory and application of trace element technique.Stable Isotopes in Sedimentary Geology,1983,10(3):1-100
[19]何莹,鲍志东,沈安江,等.塔里木盆地牙哈-英买力地区寒武系-下奥陶统白云岩形成机理.沉积学报,2006,24(6):806-818
[20]Veizer J,Demovic R.Strontium as a tool for facies analysis.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1974,44(1):93-115
[21]Mc Lennan S M.Rareearth elements in sedimentary rocks:influence of province and sedimentary processes.Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry,1989,21:169-200
[22]谢小敏,胡文瑄,王小林,等.新疆柯坪地区寒武纪-奥陶纪碳酸盐岩沉积旋回的碳氧同位素研究.地球化学,2009,38(1):75-88
[23]Derry L A,Keto L S,Jacobsen S B,et a1.Sr isotope variations in Upper Proterozoic carbonates from Svalbard and East Greenland.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1989,53:2331-2339
[24]吴双林,石开波,刘红光,等.塔里木盆地东北缘乌里格孜塔格中-下奥陶统巨斑状白云岩特征及成因研究.北京大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(3):444-456
[25]Sena C M,John C M,Jourdan A L,et al.Dolomitization of Lower Cretaceous peritidal carbonates by modified seawater:constraints from clumped isotopic paleothermometry,elemental chemistry,and strontium isotopes.Journal of Sedimentary Research,2014,84(7):552-566
[26]Haeri-Ardakani O,Al-Aasm I,Coniglio M.Petrologic and geochemical attributes of fracture-related dolomitization in Ordovician carbonates and their spatial distribution in southwestern Ontario,Canada.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2013,43(5):409-422
[27]张学丰,胡文瑄,张军涛,等.塔里木盆地下奥陶统白云岩化流体来源的地球化学分析.地学前缘,2008,15(2):80-89
[28]Veizer J,Ala D,Azmy K,et al.87Sr/86Sr,δ13C andδ18O evolution of Phanerozoic seawater.Chemical Geology,1999,161(1):59-88
[29]黄擎宇,刘伟,石书缘,等.塔中-巴麦地区下古生界不同结构类型白云岩元素地球化学特征.地球化学,2016,45(2):199-212
[30]Land L S.The isotopic and trace element geochemisttry of dolomites:the state of theart//Zenger D H,Dunham J B,Ethington R L.Concepts and mode of dolomitization.Tulsa:SEPM Special Publication,1980,28:11-30
[31]Mckenzie J A.Holocene dolomitization of calcium carbonate sediments from the Coastal Sabkhas of Abu Dhabi,UAE:a stable isotope study.Journal of Geology,1981,89(2):185-198
[32]Major R P,Lloyd R M,Lucia F J.Oxygen isotope composition of Holocene dolomite formed in a humid hypersaline setting.Geology,1992,20:586-588
[33]Sun S Q.A reappraisal of dolomite abundance and occurrence in the Phanerozoic.Journal of Sedimentary Research,1994,64(2):396-404
[34]Eren M,Kaplan M Y,Kadür S.Petrography,geochemistry and origin of Lower Liassic Dolomites in the Aydnck area,Mersin,Southern Turkey.Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences,2007,16:339-362
[35]Rameil N.Early diagenetic dolomitization and dedolomitization of Late Jurassic and Earliest Cretaceous platform carbonates:a case Study from the Jura Mountains(NW Switzerland,E France).Sedimentary Geology,2008,212:70-85
[36]袁鑫鹏,刘建波.回流渗透模式白云岩研究历史与进展.古地理学报,2012,14(2):219-228
[37]张建勇,郭庆新,寿建峰,等.新近纪海平面变化对白云石化的控制及对古老层系白云岩成因的启示.海相油气地质,2013,18(4):46-52
[38]黄擎宇,刘伟,张艳秋,等.白云石化作用及白云岩储层研究进展.地球科学进展,2015,30(5):539-551
[39]Saller A H,Henderson N.Distribution of porosity and permeability in platform dolomites:insight from the Permian of west Texas reply.AAPG Bulletin,2001,85(3):530-532
[40]Gregg J M,Sibley D F.Epigenetic dolomitization and the origin of xenotopic dolomite texture.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1984,54:908-931
[41]Kahle C F.Posiible roles of clay minerals in the formation of dolomites.J Sediment Petrol,1965,13:89-111
[42]Allen J R,Wiggins W D.Dolomite reservoirs:geochemical techniques for evalution origin and distribution.Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,1996,36(14):262-263