不同投饵率对团头鲂幼鱼血脂水平及脂肪代谢相关基因表达的影响
|
摘要
为了探究不同投饵率对团头鲂幼鱼脂肪代谢机能的影响,选取840尾平均体质量为(23.74±0.09)g的团头鲂幼鱼,随机分为6组,每组4重复,每重复35尾鱼,分别对应6种投饵率:2%、3%、4%、5%、6%和7%(日投喂量占鱼体质量的比例),饲养60 d后,测定其血脂水平及脂肪代谢相关基因表达的指标。结果发现,随着投饵率的升高,血浆甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量先升高后降低,且各组间差异显著;6%投饵率组的血浆高密度脂蛋白和5%投饵率组的低密度脂蛋白含量显著高于2%组,但与其他组无显著差异;而血浆极低密度脂蛋白含量在投饵率为4%时最高。此外,不同投饵率对脂肪代谢相关基因的表达量也有显著影响。当投饵率由2%升高至4%时,肝脏酰基肉碱转移酶I和II、脂酰辅酶A氧化酶、载脂蛋白B、脂肪酸结合蛋白、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体等的m RNA表达量显著升高;当投饵率进一步升高时,载脂蛋白B、脂酰辅酶A氧化酶、脂肪酸结合蛋白和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体β呈现下降趋势,但差异不显著;投饵率3%和6%组的脂蛋白酯酶的mRNA表达量显著高于其他组,而肝X受体和脂肪酸转运蛋白的表达量则随着投饵率的升高呈先上升后下降的趋势,并分别在投饵率为3%和5%时达到最高值。研究表明,不同投饵率显著影响了团头鲂幼鱼的血脂含量和肝脏脂质代谢相关基因的表达水平;投饵率为2%~3%时,脂肪酸转运和氧化的程度较低;投饵率为5%~7%时,将导致血脂含量和脂肪沉积相关基因的表达量降低;投饵率为4%~5%时能够维持团头鲂幼鱼脂肪代谢的平衡。
This study aimed to investigate the effects of feeding rates on plasma lipid profiles and the m RNA expressions of genes related to lipid metabolism in juvenile blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala(average initial weight: 23.74±0.09 g). A total of 840 fish were randomly distributed into 24 cages and fed with a commercial feed at six feeding rates ranging from 2% to 7% body weight(BW)/day for 60 days. The results indicated that plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels increased first, then decreased as feeding rates increased with significant differences observed between treatments(P<0.05). The highest high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein concentrations were observed in fish group fed 6% and 5% BW/day respectively. They were significantly higher than those of fish fed 2% BW/day(P<0.05), but showed no statistical difference with those of the other treatments(P>0.05).Very-low-density lipoprotein was the highest in fish offered a feeding rate of 4% BW/day. In addition, feeding rates had a significant effect on the expressions of genes related to lipid metabolism(P<0.05). The m RNA expressions of carnitine palmitoyl transferase-I and II, Acyl-Co A oxidase,apolipoprotein B, fatty acid binding protein and peroxisome proliferators activated receptors all increased significantly(P<0.05) as feeding rates increased from 2% to 4% BW/day, but Acyl-Co A oxidase, fatty acid binding protein and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β m RNA expressions are decreased with further increasing ration levels(P>0.05). Lipoprotein lipase expressions of fish fed 3% and 6% BW/day were significantly(P<0.05) higher than that of the other treatments. Liver X receptor and fatty acid transporter protein expressions increased first, then decreased as feeding rates increased with the highest value observed in fish fed 3% and 5%BW/day, respectively. In summary, our results suggest that different feeding rates significantly affect plasma lipid profiles and the m RNA expressions of genes related to lipid metabolism in juvenile blunt snout bream. Low feeding rate(2–3% BW/day) leads to the lower fatty acid transport and oxidation. Higher feeding rate(5–7%BW/day) will result in decreased plasma lipid profiles and the m RNA expressions of genes related to fat deposition. The optimal feeding rate(4–5% BW/day) can maintain fat metabolism balance of juvenile blunt snout bream.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of feeding rates on plasma lipid profiles and the m RNA expressions of genes related to lipid metabolism in juvenile blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala(average initial weight: 23.74±0.09 g). A total of 840 fish were randomly distributed into 24 cages and fed with a commercial feed at six feeding rates ranging from 2% to 7% body weight(BW)/day for 60 days. The results indicated that plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels increased first, then decreased as feeding rates increased with significant differences observed between treatments(P<0.05). The highest high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein concentrations were observed in fish group fed 6% and 5% BW/day respectively. They were significantly higher than those of fish fed 2% BW/day(P<0.05), but showed no statistical difference with those of the other treatments(P>0.05).Very-low-density lipoprotein was the highest in fish offered a feeding rate of 4% BW/day. In addition, feeding rates had a significant effect on the expressions of genes related to lipid metabolism(P<0.05). The m RNA expressions of carnitine palmitoyl transferase-I and II, Acyl-Co A oxidase,apolipoprotein B, fatty acid binding protein and peroxisome proliferators activated receptors all increased significantly(P<0.05) as feeding rates increased from 2% to 4% BW/day, but Acyl-Co A oxidase, fatty acid binding protein and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β m RNA expressions are decreased with further increasing ration levels(P>0.05). Lipoprotein lipase expressions of fish fed 3% and 6% BW/day were significantly(P<0.05) higher than that of the other treatments. Liver X receptor and fatty acid transporter protein expressions increased first, then decreased as feeding rates increased with the highest value observed in fish fed 3% and 5%BW/day, respectively. In summary, our results suggest that different feeding rates significantly affect plasma lipid profiles and the m RNA expressions of genes related to lipid metabolism in juvenile blunt snout bream. Low feeding rate(2–3% BW/day) leads to the lower fatty acid transport and oxidation. Higher feeding rate(5–7%BW/day) will result in decreased plasma lipid profiles and the m RNA expressions of genes related to fat deposition. The optimal feeding rate(4–5% BW/day) can maintain fat metabolism balance of juvenile blunt snout bream.
引文
[1]Kiron V.Fish immune system and its nutritional modulation for preventive health care[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2012,173(1-2):111-133.
[2]Li X F,Liu W B,Lu K L,et al.Dietary carbohydrate/lipid ratios affect stress,oxidative status and non-specific immune responses of fingerling blunt snout bream,Megalobrama amblycephala[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2012,33(2):316-323.
[3]Li X F,Jiang G Z,Qian Y,et al.Molecular characterization of lipoprotein lipase from blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala and the regulation of its activity and expression by dietary lipid levels[J].Aquaculture,2013,416-417(2):23-32.
[4]Velázquez M,Zamora S,Martínez F J.Effect of different feeding strategies on gilthead sea bream(Sparus aurata)demand-feeding behaviour and nutritional utilization of the diet[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2006,12(6):403-409.
[5]蔡东森,蒋广震,王丽娜,等.甘草次酸对团头鲂生长、脂肪沉积与抗氧化功能的影响[J].水产学报,2014,38(9):1514-1521.Cai D S,Jiang G Z,Wang L N,et al.Effects of dietary glycyrrhetinic acid levels on growth performance,lipid deposition and antioxidant capacity of blunt snout bream(Megalobrama amblycephala)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2014,38(9):1514-1521(in Chinese).
[6]Xu C,Li X F,Tian H Y,et al.Feeding rates affect growth,intestinal digestive and absorptive capabilities and endocrine functions of juvenile blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2016,42(2):689-700.
[7]Zhang D D,Lu K L,Dong Z J,et al.The effect of exposure to a high-fat diet on micro RNA expression in the liver of blunt snout bream(Megalobrama amblycephala)[J].Plosone,2014,9(5):e96132.
[8]Chim L,Lemaire P,Delaporte M,et al.Could a diet enriched with n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids be considered a promising way to enhance the immune defences and the resistance of Penaeid prawns to environmental stress[J].Aquaculture Research,2001,32(2):91-94.
[9]Kanazawa A.Essential fatty acid and lipid requirement of fish[M]//Cowey C B,Mackie A M,Bell J G.Nutrition and Feeding in Fish.London:Academic Press,1985:281-298.
[10]张春暖,王爱民,刘文斌,等.饲料脂肪水平对梭鱼脂肪沉积、脂肪代谢酶及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].中国水产科学,2013,20(1):108-115.Zhang C N,Wang A M,Liu W B,et al.Effects of dietary lipid levels on fat deposition,lipid metabolize enzyme and antioxidantic activities of Chelon haematocheilus[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2013,20(1):108-115(in Chinese).
[11]Sheridan M A.Lipid dynamics in fish:aspects of a b s o r p t i o n,t r a n s p o r t a t i o n,d e p o s i t i o n a n d mobilization[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Comparative Biochemistry,1988,90(4):679-690.
[12]北京医学院.生物化学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1981:145.Beijing medical college.Biochemistry[M].Beijing:people's medical publishing house,1981:145(in Chinese).
[13]Gj?en T,Berg T.Hepatic uptake and intracellular processing of LDL in rainbow trout[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta(BBA)-Lipids and Lipid Metabolism,1169(3):225-230.
[14]杜震宇,刘永坚,田丽霞,等.草鱼摄食高脂饲料后血脂变化的初步研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2004,43(S):77-79.Du Z Y,Liu Y J,Tian L X,et al.The change of blood lipid indexes after fed high-fat diet in grass carp[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2004,43(S):77-79(in Chinese).
[15]Segner H,Juario J V.Histological observations on the rearing of milkfish,Chanos chanos,fry using different diets[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,1986,2(4):162-172.
[16]Kj?r M A,Vegusdal A,Gjoen T,et al.Effect of rapeseed oil and dietary n-3 fatty acids on triacylglycerol synthesis and secretion in Atlantic salmon hepatocytes[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta(BBA)-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids,2008,1781(3):112-122.
[17]Richard N,Kaushik S,Larroquet L,et al.Replacing dietary fish oil by vegetable oils has little effect on lipogenesis,lipid transport and tissue lipid uptake in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2006,96(2):299-309.
[18]Richards M R,Listenberger L L,Kelly A A,et al.Oligomerization of the murine fatty acid transport protein 1[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2003,278(12):10477-10483.
[19]Schaffer J E,Lodish H F.Expression cloning and characterization of a novel adipocyte long chain fatty acid transport protein[J].Cell,1994,79(3):427-436.
[20]Zimmerman A W,Veerkamp J H.New insights into the structure and function of fatty acid-binding proteins[J].Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS,2002,59(7):1096-1116.
[21]Denstadli V,Vegusdal A,Krogdahl?,et al.Lipid absorption in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)[J].Aquaculture,2004,240(1-4):385-398.
[22]Morais S,Knoll-Gellida A,AndréM,et al.Conserved expression of alternative splicing variants of peroxisomal acyl-Co A oxidase 1 in vertebrates and developmental and nutritional regulation in fish[J].Physiological Genomics,2007,28(3):239-252.
[23]Cha B S,Ciaraldi T P,Carter L,et al.Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)γand retinoid Xreceptor(RXR)agonists have complementary effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in human skeletal muscle[J].Diabetologia,2001,44(4):444-452.
[24]Palmer C N A,Hsu M H,Griffin K J,et al.Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-αexpression in human liver[J].Molecular Pharmacology,1998,53(1):14-22.
[25]Mandrup S,Lane M D.Regulating adipogenesis[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1997,272(9):5367-5370.
[26]Desvergne B,Whali W.Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptors:nuclear control of metabolism[J].Endocrine Reviews,1999,20(5):649-688.
[27]叶航羊,王菲,刘小花,等.LXR对胆固醇稳态影响的研究进展[J].现代生物医学进展,2013,13(18):3584-3586.Ye H Y,Wang F,Liu X H,et al.Recent advance of LXR affect on cholesterol homeostasis[J].Progress in Modern Biomedicine,2013,(18):3584-3586(in Chinese).
[28]王强,江渝.肝X受体的研究进展[J].生理科学进展,2009,40(2):147-150.Wang Q,Jiang Y.Recent advances on Liver Xreceptors[J].Progress in Physiological Sciences,2009,40(2):147-150(in Chinese).
[29]王朝明,罗莉,张桂众,等.饲料脂肪水平对胭脂鱼幼鱼生长、体组成和抗氧化能力的影响[J].淡水渔业,2010,40(5):47-53.Wang C M,Luo L,Zhang G Z,et al.Effect of dietary lipid level on growth performance,body composition and antioxidant capacity of juvenile Chinese sucker(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2010,40(5):47-53(in Chinese).
[2]Li X F,Liu W B,Lu K L,et al.Dietary carbohydrate/lipid ratios affect stress,oxidative status and non-specific immune responses of fingerling blunt snout bream,Megalobrama amblycephala[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2012,33(2):316-323.
[3]Li X F,Jiang G Z,Qian Y,et al.Molecular characterization of lipoprotein lipase from blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala and the regulation of its activity and expression by dietary lipid levels[J].Aquaculture,2013,416-417(2):23-32.
[4]Velázquez M,Zamora S,Martínez F J.Effect of different feeding strategies on gilthead sea bream(Sparus aurata)demand-feeding behaviour and nutritional utilization of the diet[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2006,12(6):403-409.
[5]蔡东森,蒋广震,王丽娜,等.甘草次酸对团头鲂生长、脂肪沉积与抗氧化功能的影响[J].水产学报,2014,38(9):1514-1521.Cai D S,Jiang G Z,Wang L N,et al.Effects of dietary glycyrrhetinic acid levels on growth performance,lipid deposition and antioxidant capacity of blunt snout bream(Megalobrama amblycephala)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2014,38(9):1514-1521(in Chinese).
[6]Xu C,Li X F,Tian H Y,et al.Feeding rates affect growth,intestinal digestive and absorptive capabilities and endocrine functions of juvenile blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2016,42(2):689-700.
[7]Zhang D D,Lu K L,Dong Z J,et al.The effect of exposure to a high-fat diet on micro RNA expression in the liver of blunt snout bream(Megalobrama amblycephala)[J].Plosone,2014,9(5):e96132.
[8]Chim L,Lemaire P,Delaporte M,et al.Could a diet enriched with n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids be considered a promising way to enhance the immune defences and the resistance of Penaeid prawns to environmental stress[J].Aquaculture Research,2001,32(2):91-94.
[9]Kanazawa A.Essential fatty acid and lipid requirement of fish[M]//Cowey C B,Mackie A M,Bell J G.Nutrition and Feeding in Fish.London:Academic Press,1985:281-298.
[10]张春暖,王爱民,刘文斌,等.饲料脂肪水平对梭鱼脂肪沉积、脂肪代谢酶及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].中国水产科学,2013,20(1):108-115.Zhang C N,Wang A M,Liu W B,et al.Effects of dietary lipid levels on fat deposition,lipid metabolize enzyme and antioxidantic activities of Chelon haematocheilus[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2013,20(1):108-115(in Chinese).
[11]Sheridan M A.Lipid dynamics in fish:aspects of a b s o r p t i o n,t r a n s p o r t a t i o n,d e p o s i t i o n a n d mobilization[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Comparative Biochemistry,1988,90(4):679-690.
[12]北京医学院.生物化学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1981:145.Beijing medical college.Biochemistry[M].Beijing:people's medical publishing house,1981:145(in Chinese).
[13]Gj?en T,Berg T.Hepatic uptake and intracellular processing of LDL in rainbow trout[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta(BBA)-Lipids and Lipid Metabolism,1169(3):225-230.
[14]杜震宇,刘永坚,田丽霞,等.草鱼摄食高脂饲料后血脂变化的初步研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2004,43(S):77-79.Du Z Y,Liu Y J,Tian L X,et al.The change of blood lipid indexes after fed high-fat diet in grass carp[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2004,43(S):77-79(in Chinese).
[15]Segner H,Juario J V.Histological observations on the rearing of milkfish,Chanos chanos,fry using different diets[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,1986,2(4):162-172.
[16]Kj?r M A,Vegusdal A,Gjoen T,et al.Effect of rapeseed oil and dietary n-3 fatty acids on triacylglycerol synthesis and secretion in Atlantic salmon hepatocytes[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta(BBA)-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids,2008,1781(3):112-122.
[17]Richard N,Kaushik S,Larroquet L,et al.Replacing dietary fish oil by vegetable oils has little effect on lipogenesis,lipid transport and tissue lipid uptake in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2006,96(2):299-309.
[18]Richards M R,Listenberger L L,Kelly A A,et al.Oligomerization of the murine fatty acid transport protein 1[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2003,278(12):10477-10483.
[19]Schaffer J E,Lodish H F.Expression cloning and characterization of a novel adipocyte long chain fatty acid transport protein[J].Cell,1994,79(3):427-436.
[20]Zimmerman A W,Veerkamp J H.New insights into the structure and function of fatty acid-binding proteins[J].Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS,2002,59(7):1096-1116.
[21]Denstadli V,Vegusdal A,Krogdahl?,et al.Lipid absorption in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)[J].Aquaculture,2004,240(1-4):385-398.
[22]Morais S,Knoll-Gellida A,AndréM,et al.Conserved expression of alternative splicing variants of peroxisomal acyl-Co A oxidase 1 in vertebrates and developmental and nutritional regulation in fish[J].Physiological Genomics,2007,28(3):239-252.
[23]Cha B S,Ciaraldi T P,Carter L,et al.Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)γand retinoid Xreceptor(RXR)agonists have complementary effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in human skeletal muscle[J].Diabetologia,2001,44(4):444-452.
[24]Palmer C N A,Hsu M H,Griffin K J,et al.Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-αexpression in human liver[J].Molecular Pharmacology,1998,53(1):14-22.
[25]Mandrup S,Lane M D.Regulating adipogenesis[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1997,272(9):5367-5370.
[26]Desvergne B,Whali W.Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptors:nuclear control of metabolism[J].Endocrine Reviews,1999,20(5):649-688.
[27]叶航羊,王菲,刘小花,等.LXR对胆固醇稳态影响的研究进展[J].现代生物医学进展,2013,13(18):3584-3586.Ye H Y,Wang F,Liu X H,et al.Recent advance of LXR affect on cholesterol homeostasis[J].Progress in Modern Biomedicine,2013,(18):3584-3586(in Chinese).
[28]王强,江渝.肝X受体的研究进展[J].生理科学进展,2009,40(2):147-150.Wang Q,Jiang Y.Recent advances on Liver Xreceptors[J].Progress in Physiological Sciences,2009,40(2):147-150(in Chinese).
[29]王朝明,罗莉,张桂众,等.饲料脂肪水平对胭脂鱼幼鱼生长、体组成和抗氧化能力的影响[J].淡水渔业,2010,40(5):47-53.Wang C M,Luo L,Zhang G Z,et al.Effect of dietary lipid level on growth performance,body composition and antioxidant capacity of juvenile Chinese sucker(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2010,40(5):47-53(in Chinese).