我国三沙市部分岛屿重要病媒生物调查
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摘要
目的三沙市位于我国南海中北部,由于其远离大陆,地理距离遥远,交通不便,其病媒生物的调查缺乏系统性。作者通过近年来的多次调查,并结合以往文献报道,总结三沙市病媒生物名录。方法自2013—2017年,连续5年在三沙市永兴岛、石岛和赵述岛对重要病媒生物进行采集和鉴定,主要通过布放鼠笼捕获鼠形动物并收集体表寄生虫,悬挂诱虫灯捕捉吸血节肢动物,依据外部形态特征并结合分子标志种类鉴定病媒生物种类。结果采集和鉴定重要病媒生物共57种(包括文献记录的23种):鼠形动物4种,蚊7种,蝇21种,白蛉1种,蠓8种,虱1种,蚤1种,臭虫2种,蜚蠊5种,硬蜱1种,恙螨4种和革螨2种。其中按蚊属、毛蛉科、蠓科、虱目和硬蜱科的种类,以及温带臭虫、斑蠊、拟德国小蠊和蔗蠊为三沙市首次记述。结论三沙市分布的病媒生物种类多,有相关疾病流行的潜在风险,需要加强监测与防控。
Objective Sansha City are located in the north-central South China Sea. Because of their isolation from themainland, geographical distance and inconvenient transportation, the investigation of vector was not systematic. Wesummarized the list of important vector in Sansha City by several investigations in recent years and combination with previousliterature reports. Methods The vector were collected in Yongxing Island, Shi Island and Zhaoshu Island in Sansha City,2013-2017. The mouse cage traps were used to capture myomorph, and light traps were used to capture arthropods. Thespecimens were observed by microscopy(or stereomicroscope) and visual inspection. The species of the vectors were identifiedby external morphological characteristics and the molecular markers. Results A total of 57 vector organisms were identifiedin Xisha Island(23 species of document records), including 4 species of myomorph, 7 species of mosquitoes, 21 species of flies,1 species of sandfly, 8 species of midges, 1 species of louse, 1 species of flea, 2 species of bedbugs, 5 kinds of cockroaches, 1kind of tick, 4 kinds of chiggers and 2 kinds of gamasida. Among them, the species of Genus Anopheles, Family Psychodidae,Family Ceratopogonidae, Order Phthirapteraand Family Ixodidae, as well as Cimexlectularius, Neostylopygarhombifolia,Blattellalituricollis and Pycnoscelussurinamensis were firstly described in Sansha City. Conclusion There are manypopulations of vector organisms, suggesting a potential risk of vector-borne diseases in Sansha City, China.
Objective Sansha City are located in the north-central South China Sea. Because of their isolation from themainland, geographical distance and inconvenient transportation, the investigation of vector was not systematic. Wesummarized the list of important vector in Sansha City by several investigations in recent years and combination with previousliterature reports. Methods The vector were collected in Yongxing Island, Shi Island and Zhaoshu Island in Sansha City,2013-2017. The mouse cage traps were used to capture myomorph, and light traps were used to capture arthropods. Thespecimens were observed by microscopy(or stereomicroscope) and visual inspection. The species of the vectors were identifiedby external morphological characteristics and the molecular markers. Results A total of 57 vector organisms were identifiedin Xisha Island(23 species of document records), including 4 species of myomorph, 7 species of mosquitoes, 21 species of flies,1 species of sandfly, 8 species of midges, 1 species of louse, 1 species of flea, 2 species of bedbugs, 5 kinds of cockroaches, 1kind of tick, 4 kinds of chiggers and 2 kinds of gamasida. Among them, the species of Genus Anopheles, Family Psychodidae,Family Ceratopogonidae, Order Phthirapteraand Family Ixodidae, as well as Cimexlectularius, Neostylopygarhombifolia,Blattellalituricollis and Pycnoscelussurinamensis were firstly described in Sansha City. Conclusion There are manypopulations of vector organisms, suggesting a potential risk of vector-borne diseases in Sansha City, China.
引文
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[17]池源,石洪华,郭振,等.海岛生态脆弱性的内涵、特征及成因探析[J].海洋学报,2015,37(12):93-105.2018-09-20
[2]陆振豸.我国南海地区初步证实的几种新自然疫源地[J].中国人兽共患病杂志,1997,13(5):206-207.
[3]黄佳亮,龙芝美,詹道成,等.西沙群岛恙虫病自然疫源地调查研究[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,1996,7(5):350-353.
[4]吴海霞,刘小波,刘起勇.我国病媒生物防控现状及面临的问题[J].首都公共卫生,2018,12(1):4-6.
[5]沈乃澂.南海诸岛的面积测量[J].中国计量,2013,19(10):55-58.
[6]王琰,马雅军,杨振洲,等.我国西沙群岛鼠形动物和吸血昆虫的鉴定并首次记述按蚊和蠓[J].第二军医大学学报,2014,35(6):581-585.
[7]杨明磊,李逸明,陈辉莹,等.我国西沙群岛吸血昆虫的种群动态和鼠形动物病原感染检测[J].第二军医大学学报,2016,37(3):355-359.
[8]陆宝麟.中国重要医学动物鉴定手册[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1982.
[9]刘润吉,张荣波,郭天宇,等.DNA条形码技术在贵州茂兰鼠类鉴定中的应用[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2014,20(1):59-62.
[10]陆宝麟.中国动物志:昆虫纲,第九卷,双翅目,蚊科[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.
[11]马雅军,吴静,马颖.基于rDNA-ITS2序列的中国按蚊属塞蚊亚属部分种类的系统发育研究(双翅目:蚊科)[J].昆虫分类学报,2011,33(4):245-256.
[12]虞以新.中国蠓科昆虫:昆虫纲,双翅目[M].北京:军事医学科学出版社,2006.
[13]熊光华,金长发,管立人.中国的白蛉[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[14]NZELUC O,CáCERESA G,ARRUNáTEGUI-JIMéNEZM J,et al.DNA barcoding for identification of sand fly species(Diptera:Psychodidae)from leishmaniasis-endemic areas of Peru[J].Acta Tropica,2015,145:45-51.
[15]龙芝美,刘金华,詹道成,等.西沙群岛主要医学昆虫调查[C].流行病学调查集刊,1995.
[16]王珊珊,詹道成,彭桂福,等.西沙群岛恙螨所携恙虫病东方体的序列分析[J].中国人兽共患病杂志,2002,18(6):66-68.
[17]池源,石洪华,郭振,等.海岛生态脆弱性的内涵、特征及成因探析[J].海洋学报,2015,37(12):93-105.2018-09-20