基于GIS的我国渤海1952～2016年赤潮时空分布
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摘要
收集了渤海海域自1952年有赤潮发生记录以来长达65a的相关资料,采用地理信息系统(GIS)技术研究了该海域赤潮发生的时空分布特征,并对其危害程度进行了评估.研究结果表明,渤海赤潮发生最频繁的区域为渤海湾北部、辽东湾西部和东部的海域;渤海共发生赤潮189次,其中影响面积超过1000km~2的有21次;2000年以后,赤潮发生频率在明显增加;在6、7和8月份赤潮发生次数最多,分别占总次数的26%、22%和21%;由夜光藻、中肋骨条藻和原甲藻引发的赤潮次数分别为65、11和10次;发生在渤海湾西部、辽东湾西部以及黄河口海域的赤潮对海洋生态危害最大.首次以可视化的方法全方位展现和认识了渤海海域65a来赤潮发生的范围、分布与特点,实现了对该地区发生赤潮信息的整合与处理.这一方法对其他海域赤潮研究亦具有借鉴价值.
The data of harmful algal blooms(HABs)from 1952 to 2016in the Bohai Sea was collected.Geographic Information System(GIS)technique was employed to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of these HAB events,and it was further applied to evaluate the harm caused by these HAB events.It was found that,there were three red tide-prone areas:northern Bohai Bay,western and eastern Liaodong Bay;The HAB events occurred 189total times,21of which were larger than 1000km~2 in areal extent;After 2000,the frequency of HAB outbreaks increased significantly;During the months of June,July and August,the HAB occurrence in the Bohai Sea was 26%,22%and 21%,respectively;Outbreaks of the dominant HAB species Noctiluca scintillans,Skeletonema costatum,and Prorocentrum minimum occurred 65,11 and 10,respectively;The western Bohai Bay,western Liaodong Bay and Yellow River estuary suffered serious harm caused by HAB events.A visual approach was utilized in present study to fully identify the scope,distribution,and characteristics of HABs in the Bohai Sea over the past 65years,thus the integration and treatment of HAB events were achieved.The approach can serve as a reference for the monitoring and management of HAB events in other sea areas.
The data of harmful algal blooms(HABs)from 1952 to 2016in the Bohai Sea was collected.Geographic Information System(GIS)technique was employed to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of these HAB events,and it was further applied to evaluate the harm caused by these HAB events.It was found that,there were three red tide-prone areas:northern Bohai Bay,western and eastern Liaodong Bay;The HAB events occurred 189total times,21of which were larger than 1000km~2 in areal extent;After 2000,the frequency of HAB outbreaks increased significantly;During the months of June,July and August,the HAB occurrence in the Bohai Sea was 26%,22%and 21%,respectively;Outbreaks of the dominant HAB species Noctiluca scintillans,Skeletonema costatum,and Prorocentrum minimum occurred 65,11 and 10,respectively;The western Bohai Bay,western Liaodong Bay and Yellow River estuary suffered serious harm caused by HAB events.A visual approach was utilized in present study to fully identify the scope,distribution,and characteristics of HABs in the Bohai Sea over the past 65years,thus the integration and treatment of HAB events were achieved.The approach can serve as a reference for the monitoring and management of HAB events in other sea areas.
引文
[1]郭皓,丁德文,林凤翱,等.近20a我国近海赤潮特点与发生规律[J].海洋科学进展,2015,33(4):547-558.
[2]王初升,唐森铭,宋普庆.我国赤潮灾害的经济损失评估[J].海洋环境科学,2011,30(3):428-431.
[3]李雪丁.福建沿海近10a赤潮基本特征分析[J].环境科学,2012,33(7):2210-2216.
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[7]林凤翱,卢兴旺,洛昊,等.渤海赤潮的历史、现状及其特点[J].海洋环境科学,2008,27(S2):1-5.
[8]匡翠萍,谢华浪,苏平,等.基于FBM法追踪秦皇岛海域赤潮迁移扩散[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(8):2505-2515.
[9]刘艳,赵卫红,苗辉.2011年春季东海赤潮演替过程中海水中的游离态多胺[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(11):3452-3461.
[10]Tang D,Kawamura H,Oh I S,et al.Satellite evidence of harmful algal blooms and related oceanographic features in the Bohai Sea during autumn 1998[J].Advances in Space Research,2006,37(4):681-689.
[11]Stephen V C,Hockey P.Evidence for an increasing incidence and severity of Harmful Algal Blooms in the southern Benguela region[J].South African Journal of Science,2007,103(5/6):223-231.
[12]庞勇,聂瑞,欧林坚,等.红色中缢虫赤潮中浮游植物细胞碱性磷酸酶的研究[J].海洋环境科学,2015,34(5):736-742.
[13]刘桂英,葛坤,宋伦,等.米氏凯伦藻的研究进展[J].海洋科学,2015,39(9):117-122.
[14]尹翠玲,张秋丰,刘洋,等.2012年渤海湾赤潮监控区赤潮发生及富营养化状况[J].海洋湖沼通报,2014,1:137-142.
[15]吴婷,韩秀荣,赵倩,等.赤潮爆发对东海赤潮高发区典型断面氮的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2013,32(2):196-200.
[16]曾业隆,周全,江栗,等.基于遥感与GIS的青藏高原典型电网工程生态环境敏感性分析[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(8):3096-3106.
[17]于云江,杨彦.基于GIS的松花江沿岸某区浅层地下水污染特征及人群暴露风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(8):1487-1494.
[18]孙兆彬,安兴琴,陶燕,等.基于GIS和大气数值模拟技术评估兰州市PM10的人群暴露水平[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(10):1753-1757.
[19]Wu Z X,Yu Z M,Song X X,et al.The spatial and temporal characteristics of harmful algal blooms in the southwest Bohai sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,2013,59(2):10-17.
[20]Zhao D Z,Zhao L,Zhang F S,et al.Temporal occurrence and spatial distribution of red tide events in China's coastal waters[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment,2004,10(5):945-957.
[21]刘录三,李子成,周娟,等.长江口及其邻近海域赤潮时空分布研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(9):2497-2504.
[22]Liu L S,Zhou J,Zheng B H,et al.Temporal and spatial distribution of red tide outbreaks in the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent waters,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2013,72(1):213-221.
[23]韦桂秋,王华,蔡伟叙,等.近10年珠江口海域赤潮发生特征及原因初探[J].海洋通报,2012,34(4):466-474.
[24]Wang J,Wu J.Occurrence and potential risks of harmful algal blooms in the East China Sea[J].Science of The Total Environment,2009,407(13):4012-4021.
[25]苏纪兰.中国的赤潮研究[J].中国科学院院刊,2001,16(5):339-342.
[26]赵冬至.我国赤潮灾害分布规律与卫星遥感探测模型[D].华东师范大学,2004.
[27]Tong S Q,Song N Q,Yan H K,et al.Management measures and recommendations in improving the Bohai Sea environment over the last quarter century[J].Ocean&Coastal Management,2014,91(2):80-87.
[28]张福星,姚玉娟,马林芳.温州沿海赤潮发生的水文气象条件及赤潮特征分析[J].海洋预报,2016,33(5):89-94.
[29]朱德弟,陆斗定,王云峰,等.2005年春初浙江近海的低温特征及其对大规模东海原甲藻赤潮发生的影响[J].海洋学报(中文版),2009,31(6):31-39.
[2]王初升,唐森铭,宋普庆.我国赤潮灾害的经济损失评估[J].海洋环境科学,2011,30(3):428-431.
[3]李雪丁.福建沿海近10a赤潮基本特征分析[J].环境科学,2012,33(7):2210-2216.
[4]Wu F C,Meng W,Zhao X L,et al.China Embarking on Development of its Own National Water Quality Criteria System[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(21):7992-7993.
[5]张青田.中国海域赤潮发生趋势的年际变化[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(5):98-102.
[6]洛昊,马明辉,梁斌,等.中国近海赤潮基本特征与减灾对策[J].海洋通报,2013,(5):595-600.
[7]林凤翱,卢兴旺,洛昊,等.渤海赤潮的历史、现状及其特点[J].海洋环境科学,2008,27(S2):1-5.
[8]匡翠萍,谢华浪,苏平,等.基于FBM法追踪秦皇岛海域赤潮迁移扩散[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(8):2505-2515.
[9]刘艳,赵卫红,苗辉.2011年春季东海赤潮演替过程中海水中的游离态多胺[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(11):3452-3461.
[10]Tang D,Kawamura H,Oh I S,et al.Satellite evidence of harmful algal blooms and related oceanographic features in the Bohai Sea during autumn 1998[J].Advances in Space Research,2006,37(4):681-689.
[11]Stephen V C,Hockey P.Evidence for an increasing incidence and severity of Harmful Algal Blooms in the southern Benguela region[J].South African Journal of Science,2007,103(5/6):223-231.
[12]庞勇,聂瑞,欧林坚,等.红色中缢虫赤潮中浮游植物细胞碱性磷酸酶的研究[J].海洋环境科学,2015,34(5):736-742.
[13]刘桂英,葛坤,宋伦,等.米氏凯伦藻的研究进展[J].海洋科学,2015,39(9):117-122.
[14]尹翠玲,张秋丰,刘洋,等.2012年渤海湾赤潮监控区赤潮发生及富营养化状况[J].海洋湖沼通报,2014,1:137-142.
[15]吴婷,韩秀荣,赵倩,等.赤潮爆发对东海赤潮高发区典型断面氮的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2013,32(2):196-200.
[16]曾业隆,周全,江栗,等.基于遥感与GIS的青藏高原典型电网工程生态环境敏感性分析[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(8):3096-3106.
[17]于云江,杨彦.基于GIS的松花江沿岸某区浅层地下水污染特征及人群暴露风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(8):1487-1494.
[18]孙兆彬,安兴琴,陶燕,等.基于GIS和大气数值模拟技术评估兰州市PM10的人群暴露水平[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(10):1753-1757.
[19]Wu Z X,Yu Z M,Song X X,et al.The spatial and temporal characteristics of harmful algal blooms in the southwest Bohai sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,2013,59(2):10-17.
[20]Zhao D Z,Zhao L,Zhang F S,et al.Temporal occurrence and spatial distribution of red tide events in China's coastal waters[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment,2004,10(5):945-957.
[21]刘录三,李子成,周娟,等.长江口及其邻近海域赤潮时空分布研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(9):2497-2504.
[22]Liu L S,Zhou J,Zheng B H,et al.Temporal and spatial distribution of red tide outbreaks in the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent waters,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2013,72(1):213-221.
[23]韦桂秋,王华,蔡伟叙,等.近10年珠江口海域赤潮发生特征及原因初探[J].海洋通报,2012,34(4):466-474.
[24]Wang J,Wu J.Occurrence and potential risks of harmful algal blooms in the East China Sea[J].Science of The Total Environment,2009,407(13):4012-4021.
[25]苏纪兰.中国的赤潮研究[J].中国科学院院刊,2001,16(5):339-342.
[26]赵冬至.我国赤潮灾害分布规律与卫星遥感探测模型[D].华东师范大学,2004.
[27]Tong S Q,Song N Q,Yan H K,et al.Management measures and recommendations in improving the Bohai Sea environment over the last quarter century[J].Ocean&Coastal Management,2014,91(2):80-87.
[28]张福星,姚玉娟,马林芳.温州沿海赤潮发生的水文气象条件及赤潮特征分析[J].海洋预报,2016,33(5):89-94.
[29]朱德弟,陆斗定,王云峰,等.2005年春初浙江近海的低温特征及其对大规模东海原甲藻赤潮发生的影响[J].海洋学报(中文版),2009,31(6):31-39.