广东沿海沉积物重金属含量及风险评价
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摘要
通过收集大量监测资料,研究广东省沿海沉积物重金属污染特征及生态风险评价.基于社会、经济、自然等方面,分析广东省沿海沉积物重金属的主要影响因素.结果表明,珠江口海域沉积物中重金属含量高于粤东、粤西区域,其中Cu(106.98±70.69μg/g)、Pb含量(65.74±65.03μg/g)分别以广州、深圳最高,Zn(250.25±55.01μg/g)、Cd(1.48±0.30μg/g)、Cr(96.48±9.79μg/g)、As(17.30±14.00μg/g)含量均为中山最高.Hakanson潜在生态风险评价结果显示,广东沿海各单项指数(0.528±0.377～2.107±3.665)及综合指数(7.135±7.880)均处于"低等"水平.单因素生态风险评价结果为:Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn>As>Cr,而生态风险综合指数则表现为:珠江口(12.131)>粤东(5.488)>粤西(4.1560).沿海沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr之间均具显著正相关性(P<0.05),说明各重金属污染来源相近,具有同源性;部分重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn)含量与TOC显著正相关(P<0.05),而部分重金属(Cu、Cr、Cd)含量与pH值显著负相关(P<0.05).
The data of heavy metal content in sediments of costal area of Guangdong Province were collected and its ecological risks were assessed using the Hakanson's potential ecological risk index. Based on social, economic and natural aspects, the major factors affecting the heavy metals content were investigated. Results showed that the contents of various heavy metals in sediments of Pearl River Estuary were significantly higher than that of the eastern or western coastal regions of Guangdong. The highest contents of Cu(106.98±70.69μg/g) and Pb(65.74±65.03μg/g) were recorded in Guangzhou and Shenzhen among all the coastal areas, whereas the highest contents of Zn(250.25±55.01μg/g), Cd(1.48±0.30μg/g), Cr(96.48±9.79μg/g) and As(17.30±14.00μg/g) were recorded in Zhongshan. Hakanson potential ecological risk assessment showed that the individual index(0.528±0.377～2.107±3.665) and the comprehensive index(7.135±7.880) of Guangdong coast were overall low. The results from single factor ecological risk assessment indicated that the order of ecological risk for the six heavy metals was Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn>As>Cr, and the order of ecological risk index was the Pearl River Estuary(12.131) >eastern coastal regions of Guangdong(5.488)>western coastal regions of Guangdong(4.1560). Significant correlations were found between the contents of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Cr in the sediments(P<0.05), indicating the homologous sources. The contents of Cu, Pb and Zn in sediments were positively correlated with TOC(P<0.05), while the contents of Cu, Cr and Cd in sediments were negatively correlated with pH values(P<0.05).
The data of heavy metal content in sediments of costal area of Guangdong Province were collected and its ecological risks were assessed using the Hakanson's potential ecological risk index. Based on social, economic and natural aspects, the major factors affecting the heavy metals content were investigated. Results showed that the contents of various heavy metals in sediments of Pearl River Estuary were significantly higher than that of the eastern or western coastal regions of Guangdong. The highest contents of Cu(106.98±70.69μg/g) and Pb(65.74±65.03μg/g) were recorded in Guangzhou and Shenzhen among all the coastal areas, whereas the highest contents of Zn(250.25±55.01μg/g), Cd(1.48±0.30μg/g), Cr(96.48±9.79μg/g) and As(17.30±14.00μg/g) were recorded in Zhongshan. Hakanson potential ecological risk assessment showed that the individual index(0.528±0.377～2.107±3.665) and the comprehensive index(7.135±7.880) of Guangdong coast were overall low. The results from single factor ecological risk assessment indicated that the order of ecological risk for the six heavy metals was Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn>As>Cr, and the order of ecological risk index was the Pearl River Estuary(12.131) >eastern coastal regions of Guangdong(5.488)>western coastal regions of Guangdong(4.1560). Significant correlations were found between the contents of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Cr in the sediments(P<0.05), indicating the homologous sources. The contents of Cu, Pb and Zn in sediments were positively correlated with TOC(P<0.05), while the contents of Cu, Cr and Cd in sediments were negatively correlated with pH values(P<0.05).
引文
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[11]倪志鑫,张霞,蔡伟叙,等.珠江口沉积物中重金属分布、形态特征及风险分析[J].海洋环境科学,2016,35(3):321-328.
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[15]许观嫦,徐颂军,宋焱,等.深圳红树林自然保护区海水重金属质量评价[J].华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015,47(1):101-108.
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[22]马玉,李团结,高全洲,等.珠江口沉积物重金属背景值及其污染研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(3):712-719.
[23]王浩,章明奎.污染土壤中有机质和重金属互相作用的模拟研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2009,35(4):460-466.
[24]杨婉玲,赖子尼,魏泰莉,等.珠江八大口门表层沉积物重金属污染及生态危害评价[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2009,28(2):188-232.
[25]宋美英.珠江河口水体和沉积物中重金属的分布特征及风险评估[D].广州:暨南大学,2014.
[26]Feng S L,Mai B X,Wei G J,et al.Genotoxicity of the sediments collected from Pearl River in China and their polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and heavy metals[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2012,184(9):5651-5661.
[27]Yang Y,Chen F,Zhang L,et al.Comprehensive assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediment of the Pearl River Estuary and adjacent shelf[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2012,64(9):1947-1955.
[28]刘芳文,颜文,黄小平,等.珠江口沉积物中重金属及其相态分布特征[J].热带海洋学报,2003,(5):16-24.
[29]罗伟权.珠江口海域重金属污染浅析[J].海洋通报,1984,(5):64-69.
[30]谷阳光.广东沿海沉积物中生源要素、重金属分布及其潜在生态危害评[D].广州:暨南大学,2009.
[31]乔永民.粤东沿海沉积物重金属环境地球化学研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2004.
[32]郭笑宇.粤西和舟山群岛海洋沉积物重金属污染的研究[D].汕头:汕头大学,2006.
[33]Islam M S,Hossain M B,Matin A,et al.Assessment of heavy metal pollution,distribution and source apportionment in the sediment from Feni River estuary,Bangladesh[J].Chemosphere,2018,202:25-32.
[34]Lu J,Li A,Huang P.Distribution,sources and contamination assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of the South Yellow Sea and northern part of the East China Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,124(1):470-479.
[35]Song H,Liu J,Yin P,et al.Distribution,enrichment and source of heavy metals in Rizhao offshore area,southeast Shandong Province[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,119(2):175-180.
[36]Zhang P,Hu R,Zhu L,et al.Distributions and contamination assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediments of western Laizhou Bay:Implications for the sources and influencing factors[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,119(1):429-438.
[37]吕书丛,张洪,单保庆,等.海河流域主要河口区域沉积物中重金属空间分异及生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2013,34(11):4204-4210.
[38]霍素霞.渤海沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011.
[39]Loska K,Wiechu?a D.Application of principal component analysis for the estimation of source of heavy metal contamination in surface sediments from the Rybnik Reservoir[J].Chemosphere,2003,51(8):723-733.
[40]Rasmussen P E,Villard D J,Gardner H D,et al.Mercury in lake sediments of the Precambrian Shield near Huntsville,Ontario,Canada[J].Environmental Geology,1998,33(2/3):170-182.
[41]Soares H M,Boaventura R A,Machado A A,et al.Sediments as monitors of heavy metal contamination in the Ave river basin(Portugal):multivariate analysis of data[J].Environmental Pollution,1999,105(3):311.
[42]赵一阳.中国海大陆架沉积物地球化学的若干模式[J].地质科学,1983,(04):307-314.
[43][43]Ackerman D,Stein E D.Evaluating the Effectiveness of Best Management Practices Using Dynamic Modeling[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2008,134(8):628-639.
[44]Orlando P,Silvestri S,Ferlizza E,et al.Biochemical responses to cadmium exposure in Oncorhynchus mykiss erythrocytes[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2017,145:476-482.
[2]Machado A A D,Spencer K,Kloas W,et al.Metal fate and effects in estuaries:A review and conceptual model for better understanding of toxicity[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,541:268-281.
[3]Roberts D A.Causes and ecological effects of resuspended contaminated sediments(RCS)in marine environments[J].Environment International,2012,40:230-243.
[4]Pan K,Wang W X.Trace metal contamination in estuarine and coastal environments in China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,421-422:3-16.
[5]赵玉灵.广东省海岸线与红树林现状遥感调查与保护建议[J].国土资源遥感,2017,29(b10):114-120.
[6]何悦强,温伟英.广东沿海底质某些重金属含量及其分布规律的探讨[J].热带海洋,1982,1(1):58-71.
[7]郑江鹏,矫新明,方南娟,等.江苏沿海沉积物重金属来源及风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(4):1514-1522.
[8]徐方建,闫慧梅,田旭,等.海南岛东部陆架表层沉积物重金属污染评价[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(5):1530-1539.
[9]何海星,于瑞莲,胡恭任,等.厦门西港近岸沉积物重金属污染历史及源解析[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(4):1045-1051.
[10]安立会,郑丙辉,张雷,等.渤海湾河口沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(5):666-670.
[11]倪志鑫,张霞,蔡伟叙,等.珠江口沉积物中重金属分布、形态特征及风险分析[J].海洋环境科学,2016,35(3):321-328.
[12]Zhao G M,Ye S Y,Yuan H M,et al.Surface sediment properties and heavy metal pollution assessment in the Pearl River Estuary,China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(3):2966-2979.
[13]Hakanson L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:Asedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[14]徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):112-115.
[15]许观嫦,徐颂军,宋焱,等.深圳红树林自然保护区海水重金属质量评价[J].华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015,47(1):101-108.
[16]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:1-500.
[17]马玉,李团结,王迪,等.珠江口滨海湿地沉积物重金属污染现状及潜在生态危害[J].热带地理,2011,31(4):353-356.
[18]张山岭,杨国义,罗薇,等.广东省土壤无机元素背景值的变化趋势研究[J].土壤,2012,44(6):1009-1014.
[19]Tenner P A,Leong L S,Pan S M.Contamination of heavy metals in marine sediment cores from Victoria Harbor,Hong Kong[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2000,40(9):769-779.
[20]张远辉,杜俊民.南海表层沉积物主要污染物的环境背景值[J].海洋学报,2005,27(4):161-166.
[21]甘华阳,梁开,郑志昌.珠江口沉积物的重金属背景值及污染评价分区[J].地球与环境,2010,38(3):344-350.
[22]马玉,李团结,高全洲,等.珠江口沉积物重金属背景值及其污染研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(3):712-719.
[23]王浩,章明奎.污染土壤中有机质和重金属互相作用的模拟研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2009,35(4):460-466.
[24]杨婉玲,赖子尼,魏泰莉,等.珠江八大口门表层沉积物重金属污染及生态危害评价[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2009,28(2):188-232.
[25]宋美英.珠江河口水体和沉积物中重金属的分布特征及风险评估[D].广州:暨南大学,2014.
[26]Feng S L,Mai B X,Wei G J,et al.Genotoxicity of the sediments collected from Pearl River in China and their polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and heavy metals[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2012,184(9):5651-5661.
[27]Yang Y,Chen F,Zhang L,et al.Comprehensive assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediment of the Pearl River Estuary and adjacent shelf[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2012,64(9):1947-1955.
[28]刘芳文,颜文,黄小平,等.珠江口沉积物中重金属及其相态分布特征[J].热带海洋学报,2003,(5):16-24.
[29]罗伟权.珠江口海域重金属污染浅析[J].海洋通报,1984,(5):64-69.
[30]谷阳光.广东沿海沉积物中生源要素、重金属分布及其潜在生态危害评[D].广州:暨南大学,2009.
[31]乔永民.粤东沿海沉积物重金属环境地球化学研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2004.
[32]郭笑宇.粤西和舟山群岛海洋沉积物重金属污染的研究[D].汕头:汕头大学,2006.
[33]Islam M S,Hossain M B,Matin A,et al.Assessment of heavy metal pollution,distribution and source apportionment in the sediment from Feni River estuary,Bangladesh[J].Chemosphere,2018,202:25-32.
[34]Lu J,Li A,Huang P.Distribution,sources and contamination assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of the South Yellow Sea and northern part of the East China Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,124(1):470-479.
[35]Song H,Liu J,Yin P,et al.Distribution,enrichment and source of heavy metals in Rizhao offshore area,southeast Shandong Province[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,119(2):175-180.
[36]Zhang P,Hu R,Zhu L,et al.Distributions and contamination assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediments of western Laizhou Bay:Implications for the sources and influencing factors[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,119(1):429-438.
[37]吕书丛,张洪,单保庆,等.海河流域主要河口区域沉积物中重金属空间分异及生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2013,34(11):4204-4210.
[38]霍素霞.渤海沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011.
[39]Loska K,Wiechu?a D.Application of principal component analysis for the estimation of source of heavy metal contamination in surface sediments from the Rybnik Reservoir[J].Chemosphere,2003,51(8):723-733.
[40]Rasmussen P E,Villard D J,Gardner H D,et al.Mercury in lake sediments of the Precambrian Shield near Huntsville,Ontario,Canada[J].Environmental Geology,1998,33(2/3):170-182.
[41]Soares H M,Boaventura R A,Machado A A,et al.Sediments as monitors of heavy metal contamination in the Ave river basin(Portugal):multivariate analysis of data[J].Environmental Pollution,1999,105(3):311.
[42]赵一阳.中国海大陆架沉积物地球化学的若干模式[J].地质科学,1983,(04):307-314.
[43][43]Ackerman D,Stein E D.Evaluating the Effectiveness of Best Management Practices Using Dynamic Modeling[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2008,134(8):628-639.
[44]Orlando P,Silvestri S,Ferlizza E,et al.Biochemical responses to cadmium exposure in Oncorhynchus mykiss erythrocytes[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2017,145:476-482.