不同钙水平饲粮对云南半细毛羊妊娠期能量代谢的影响
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摘要
试验旨在研究不同钙水平饲粮对云南半细毛羊妊娠期能量代谢的影响,为综合考虑云南半细毛羊妊娠期钙营养和能量需要提供理论依据。选取50只经产妊娠期云南半细毛羊按饲粮不同钙水平随机分为5组,每组10个重复,即妊娠前期(妊娠61～90 d)和中期(妊娠91～120 d)分为0.42%、0.45%、0.56%、0.65%和0.82%钙水平组,妊娠后期(妊娠121～150 d)分为0.40%、0.50%、0.60%、0.69%和0.87%钙水平组,日粮其它营养成分保持一致,进行104 d饲养试验。分别在妊娠71、101 d和131 d时从各组中随机挑选5只羊进行消化代谢试验。结果表明:①在妊娠前期,除0.42%钙水平组消化能代谢率极显著高于0.56%钙水平组外(P<0.01),总能消化率、总能代谢率和消化能代谢率在不同钙水平饲粮下差异均不显著(P>0.05)。②在妊娠中期,与0.45%和0.56%钙水平组相比,0.82%钙水平组总能消化率、总能代谢率和消化能代谢率显著增加(P<0.05),但0.42%、0.65%和0.82%钙水平组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。③在妊娠后期,0.40%钙水平组总能消化率和总能代谢率显著高于0.50%和0.87%钙水平组(P<0.05),但0.40%、0.60%和0.69%钙水平组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。④随着妊娠天数的增加,母羊DE、ME、总能消化率、总能代谢率及消化能代谢率呈不断上升的趋势。综上所述,饲粮钙水平显著影响云南半细毛羊妊娠期能量的消化代谢,当妊娠前期、中期、后期饲粮分别含0.42%、0.82%、0.40%钙水平时母羊能量利用率最佳。
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary calcium(Ca) levels on energy metabolism in pregnant Yunnan semi-fine wool sheep, for providing the optimal matches between energy and Ca during ration formulation for pregnant Yunnan semi-fine wool sheep. 50 multiparous Yunnan semi-fine wool sheep at the same age and the same pregnant period were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatment groups with 10 replicates in each group. The 5 diets contained different Ca levels which were 0.42%, 0.45%, 0.56%, 0.65% and 0.82% during early(61～90 days) and middle(91～120 days) pregnancy, and 0.40%, 0.50%, 0.60%,0.69% and 0.87% during late pregnancy(121～150 days), respectively. All the other nutrient(CP, ME, NDF and ADF) levels were similar.The experiment lasted for 104 days. The digestion trial was performed 3 times with five sheep from each group at 71, 101 d and 131 d of pregnancy, respectively. ① In the early pregnancy, there were no significant differences(P>0.05) among groups on DE/GE, ME/GE and ME/DE, except for ME intake as a proportion of DE intake(ME/DE) in0.42% Ca group, which was significantly greater than that in 0.56% Ca group(P<0.01). ② In the middle pregnancy, energy efficiency expressed as DE/GE, ME/GE and ME/DE in 0.82% Ca group were the same as those in 0.42%, 0.65% and 0.82% Ca groups(P>0.05), greater(P<0.05) than those in 0.45% and 0.56% Ca groups. ③ In the late pregnancy, apparent DE/GE and ME/GE were significantly greater(P<0.05) in 0.40% Ca group than those in 0.50% and 0.87% Ca groups, but there were no differences among 0.40%, 0.60% and 0.69% Ca groups(P>0.05). ④ Digestible energy(DE), metabolizable energy(ME), DE/GE, ME/GE and ME/DE of the ewes increased with the days of pregnancy. In conclusion, the digestion and metabolism of energy in Yunnan semi-fine wool during pregnancy were significantly affected by the dietary calcium level. The optimal dietary calcium level should be 0.42%,0.82% and 0.40% in early, middle and late periods of pregnancy, respectively, at which the energy efficiency was the best in the corresponding period.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary calcium(Ca) levels on energy metabolism in pregnant Yunnan semi-fine wool sheep, for providing the optimal matches between energy and Ca during ration formulation for pregnant Yunnan semi-fine wool sheep. 50 multiparous Yunnan semi-fine wool sheep at the same age and the same pregnant period were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatment groups with 10 replicates in each group. The 5 diets contained different Ca levels which were 0.42%, 0.45%, 0.56%, 0.65% and 0.82% during early(61～90 days) and middle(91～120 days) pregnancy, and 0.40%, 0.50%, 0.60%,0.69% and 0.87% during late pregnancy(121～150 days), respectively. All the other nutrient(CP, ME, NDF and ADF) levels were similar.The experiment lasted for 104 days. The digestion trial was performed 3 times with five sheep from each group at 71, 101 d and 131 d of pregnancy, respectively. ① In the early pregnancy, there were no significant differences(P>0.05) among groups on DE/GE, ME/GE and ME/DE, except for ME intake as a proportion of DE intake(ME/DE) in0.42% Ca group, which was significantly greater than that in 0.56% Ca group(P<0.01). ② In the middle pregnancy, energy efficiency expressed as DE/GE, ME/GE and ME/DE in 0.82% Ca group were the same as those in 0.42%, 0.65% and 0.82% Ca groups(P>0.05), greater(P<0.05) than those in 0.45% and 0.56% Ca groups. ③ In the late pregnancy, apparent DE/GE and ME/GE were significantly greater(P<0.05) in 0.40% Ca group than those in 0.50% and 0.87% Ca groups, but there were no differences among 0.40%, 0.60% and 0.69% Ca groups(P>0.05). ④ Digestible energy(DE), metabolizable energy(ME), DE/GE, ME/GE and ME/DE of the ewes increased with the days of pregnancy. In conclusion, the digestion and metabolism of energy in Yunnan semi-fine wool during pregnancy were significantly affected by the dietary calcium level. The optimal dietary calcium level should be 0.42%,0.82% and 0.40% in early, middle and late periods of pregnancy, respectively, at which the energy efficiency was the best in the corresponding period.
引文
[1]冯仰廉.反刍动物营养学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[2]刘贺,罗芳,朱航,等.生产瘫痪病因及治疗措施浅谈[J].中国畜牧兽医,2007,34(1):44-46.
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[5]袁浩容,柴沙驼,王迅,等.青海高寒牧区欧拉型后备母羊冷季适宜钙、磷水平的研究[J].中国饲料,2018(3):30-39.
[6]王勇,田可川,侯广田,等.不同钙磷水平补饲料对放牧巴音布鲁克哺乳母羊及羔羊的影响[J].草食家畜,2017(6):15-21.
[7]王浩,林昌龙,周广琛,等.陕北白绒山羊断奶羔羊钙磷需要量的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2018,49(1):121-130.
[8]Liesegang A,Risteli J.Influence of different calcium concentrations in the diet on bone metabolism in growing dairy goats and sheep[J].Journal of Animal Physiology&Animal Nutrition,2010,89(3/6):113-119.
[9]赵彦光,洪琼花,谢萍,等.不同营养水平精饲料对云南半细毛羊增重及养分消化率的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(9):3931-3935.
[10]赵彦光,洪琼花,谢萍,等.精料营养对云南半细毛羊屠宰性能及肉品质的影响[J].草业学报,2014,23(2):277-286.
[11]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[12]Blaxter K L,Clapperton J L.Prediction of the amount of methane produced by ruminants[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1965,19(4):511-522.
[13]魏炳栋,刁其玉,陈群,等.饲喂水平对杂交肉羊(母)营养物质代谢及能量需要参数的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2017,29(7):55-62.
[14]宋晓雯,王慧敏,张广凤,等.饲粮能量水平对泌乳期崂山奶山羊生产性能及能量利用效率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(4):1099-1104.
[15]楼灿,邓凯东,姜成钢,等.饲养水平对肉用绵羊空怀期和哺乳期能量代谢平衡的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(5):988-1007.
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[17]崔璨.杜蒙F1杂交肉用绵羊妊娠期与哺乳期能量和蛋白质需要量的研究[D].内蒙古农业大学,2017.
[18]楼灿,姜成钢,马涛,等.饲养水平对肉用绵羊妊娠期消化代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(1):134-143.
[19]张少丰.肉用绵羊妊娠期和哺乳期能量及蛋白质需要量的研究[D].华中农业大学,2015.
[20]李芸,董世伟,温肖肖,等.饲喂水平对道寒杂交母羊妊娠期消化代谢的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,36(9):44-49.
[21]马铁伟,聂海涛,张浩,等.杜湖杂交F1代母羊妊娠期能量和蛋白质维持需要量[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(9):2943-2952.
[22]Alderman G,Cottrill B R.Energy and protein requirements of ruminants:an advisory manual prepared by the AFRC Technical Committee on Responses to Nutrients[M].Agricultural and Food Research Council,1993,56(1):180-181.
[23]许贵善,刁其玉,纪守坤,等.不同饲喂水平对肉用绵羊能量与蛋白质消化代谢的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2012,48(17):40-44.
[24]赵一广,刁其玉,刘洁,等.肉羊甲烷排放测定与模型估测[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(13):2718-2727.
[25]丁静美,成述儒,邓凯东,等.不同中性洗涤纤维与非纤维性碳水化合物比值饲粮对肉用绵羊甲烷排放的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(3):806-813.
[26]Aguerre M J,Wattiaux M A,Powell J M,et al.Effect of forageto-concentrate ratio in dairy cow diets on emission of methane,carbon dioxide,and ammonia,lactation performance,and manure excretion[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(6):3081-3093.
[27]王惠,王永军,周利勇,等.空怀期陕北白绒山羊的能量需要量[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(9):1694-1700.
[28]Deng K D,Jiang C G,Tu Y,et al.Energy requirements of Dorper crossbred ewe lambs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2014,92(5):2161-2169.
[29]王惠.空怀期及妊娠期陕北白绒山羊能量需要量研究[D].西北农林科技大学,2012.
[30]张崇玉,杨维仁,杨在宾,等.大尾寒羊妊娠期能量代谢规律的研究[J].山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,2003,34(4):572-574.
[2]刘贺,罗芳,朱航,等.生产瘫痪病因及治疗措施浅谈[J].中国畜牧兽医,2007,34(1):44-46.
[3]Braithwaite G D.Calcium and phosphorus requirements of the ewe during pregnancy and lactation[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1983,50(3):711-722.
[4]赵智力.内蒙古白绒山羊生长羯羊钙、磷需要量的研究[D].内蒙古农业大学,2006.
[5]袁浩容,柴沙驼,王迅,等.青海高寒牧区欧拉型后备母羊冷季适宜钙、磷水平的研究[J].中国饲料,2018(3):30-39.
[6]王勇,田可川,侯广田,等.不同钙磷水平补饲料对放牧巴音布鲁克哺乳母羊及羔羊的影响[J].草食家畜,2017(6):15-21.
[7]王浩,林昌龙,周广琛,等.陕北白绒山羊断奶羔羊钙磷需要量的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2018,49(1):121-130.
[8]Liesegang A,Risteli J.Influence of different calcium concentrations in the diet on bone metabolism in growing dairy goats and sheep[J].Journal of Animal Physiology&Animal Nutrition,2010,89(3/6):113-119.
[9]赵彦光,洪琼花,谢萍,等.不同营养水平精饲料对云南半细毛羊增重及养分消化率的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(9):3931-3935.
[10]赵彦光,洪琼花,谢萍,等.精料营养对云南半细毛羊屠宰性能及肉品质的影响[J].草业学报,2014,23(2):277-286.
[11]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[12]Blaxter K L,Clapperton J L.Prediction of the amount of methane produced by ruminants[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1965,19(4):511-522.
[13]魏炳栋,刁其玉,陈群,等.饲喂水平对杂交肉羊(母)营养物质代谢及能量需要参数的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2017,29(7):55-62.
[14]宋晓雯,王慧敏,张广凤,等.饲粮能量水平对泌乳期崂山奶山羊生产性能及能量利用效率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(4):1099-1104.
[15]楼灿,邓凯东,姜成钢,等.饲养水平对肉用绵羊空怀期和哺乳期能量代谢平衡的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(5):988-1007.
[16]杨凤.动物营养学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[17]崔璨.杜蒙F1杂交肉用绵羊妊娠期与哺乳期能量和蛋白质需要量的研究[D].内蒙古农业大学,2017.
[18]楼灿,姜成钢,马涛,等.饲养水平对肉用绵羊妊娠期消化代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(1):134-143.
[19]张少丰.肉用绵羊妊娠期和哺乳期能量及蛋白质需要量的研究[D].华中农业大学,2015.
[20]李芸,董世伟,温肖肖,等.饲喂水平对道寒杂交母羊妊娠期消化代谢的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,36(9):44-49.
[21]马铁伟,聂海涛,张浩,等.杜湖杂交F1代母羊妊娠期能量和蛋白质维持需要量[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(9):2943-2952.
[22]Alderman G,Cottrill B R.Energy and protein requirements of ruminants:an advisory manual prepared by the AFRC Technical Committee on Responses to Nutrients[M].Agricultural and Food Research Council,1993,56(1):180-181.
[23]许贵善,刁其玉,纪守坤,等.不同饲喂水平对肉用绵羊能量与蛋白质消化代谢的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2012,48(17):40-44.
[24]赵一广,刁其玉,刘洁,等.肉羊甲烷排放测定与模型估测[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(13):2718-2727.
[25]丁静美,成述儒,邓凯东,等.不同中性洗涤纤维与非纤维性碳水化合物比值饲粮对肉用绵羊甲烷排放的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(3):806-813.
[26]Aguerre M J,Wattiaux M A,Powell J M,et al.Effect of forageto-concentrate ratio in dairy cow diets on emission of methane,carbon dioxide,and ammonia,lactation performance,and manure excretion[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(6):3081-3093.
[27]王惠,王永军,周利勇,等.空怀期陕北白绒山羊的能量需要量[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(9):1694-1700.
[28]Deng K D,Jiang C G,Tu Y,et al.Energy requirements of Dorper crossbred ewe lambs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2014,92(5):2161-2169.
[29]王惠.空怀期及妊娠期陕北白绒山羊能量需要量研究[D].西北农林科技大学,2012.
[30]张崇玉,杨维仁,杨在宾,等.大尾寒羊妊娠期能量代谢规律的研究[J].山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,2003,34(4):572-574.