烤烟菽麻间作对烟草根结线虫防效及烟叶产质量的影响
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摘要
为分析烤烟菽麻间作对烟草根结线虫的防治效果,以烤烟品种云烟87和菽麻品种I48为材料,通过田间试验研究了3种烤烟菽麻间作方式对烤烟根结线虫防效,烤烟农艺性状、产量及产值的影响。结果表明,与烤烟单作处理相比,烤烟与菽麻间作方式为2∶1时,根结线虫的防效为41.67%,能改善烤烟的农艺性状,烟叶产量、产值和均价分别提高了456.69kg/hm~2、16 550.65元/hm~2和4.15元/kg;烤烟与菽麻间作方式为1∶1时,根结线虫的防效为53.53%,并显著改善烤烟的农艺性状,烟叶产量、产值和均价分别增加了843.85 kg/hm~2、30 295.42元/hm~2和6.39元/kg;烤烟与菽麻间作方式为2∶3时,根结线虫防效为64.23%,降低了烤烟的株高,对烟叶产量产值等无明显提高。因此,烤烟与菽麻间作对根结线虫病具有良好的防治效果,并且能够显著提高烟叶产量、产值,以1∶1间作方式为最佳。
To analyse the effects of intercropping flue-cured tobacco with C. junce L. on controlling tobacco root-knot nematodes, a field experiment was carried out to study the effects of three different modes of intercropping tobacco with C. junce L. on root-knot nematode control efficiency, tobacco agronomic traits, yield, value of output and average price, using materials tobacco Yunyan 87 and C. junce L.I48. The results showed that, when the intercropping mode of tobacco to C. junce L. is 2 to 1, the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco were improved, with a nematode control efficacy of 41.67%, and the yield, value of output and average price of tobacco were increased by 456.69 kg/ha, 16 550.65 yuan/ha and 4.15 yuan/kg, respectively. When the intercropping mode of tobacco to C. junce L. is 1 to 1, the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco were improved significantly, with a nematode control efficacy of 53.53%, and the yield, value of output and average price of tobacco was increased by 843.85 kg/ha, 30295.42 yuan/ha and 6.39 yuan/kg, respectively. When the intercropping mode of tobacco to C. junce L. is 2 to 3, the plant height was reduced with a rate of 3.94% but no significant difference of the agronomic traits was observed compared with the no intercropping treatment. Tobacco yield was increased by 7.49 kg/ha, and the value of output and average price were reduced by 77.64 yuan/ha and 0.13 yuan/kg,respectively. These results indicated that 1 to 1 is the appropriate intercropping mode of tobacco to C. junce L. in controlling the damage caused by tobacco root-knot nematodes.
To analyse the effects of intercropping flue-cured tobacco with C. junce L. on controlling tobacco root-knot nematodes, a field experiment was carried out to study the effects of three different modes of intercropping tobacco with C. junce L. on root-knot nematode control efficiency, tobacco agronomic traits, yield, value of output and average price, using materials tobacco Yunyan 87 and C. junce L.I48. The results showed that, when the intercropping mode of tobacco to C. junce L. is 2 to 1, the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco were improved, with a nematode control efficacy of 41.67%, and the yield, value of output and average price of tobacco were increased by 456.69 kg/ha, 16 550.65 yuan/ha and 4.15 yuan/kg, respectively. When the intercropping mode of tobacco to C. junce L. is 1 to 1, the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco were improved significantly, with a nematode control efficacy of 53.53%, and the yield, value of output and average price of tobacco was increased by 843.85 kg/ha, 30295.42 yuan/ha and 6.39 yuan/kg, respectively. When the intercropping mode of tobacco to C. junce L. is 2 to 3, the plant height was reduced with a rate of 3.94% but no significant difference of the agronomic traits was observed compared with the no intercropping treatment. Tobacco yield was increased by 7.49 kg/ha, and the value of output and average price were reduced by 77.64 yuan/ha and 0.13 yuan/kg,respectively. These results indicated that 1 to 1 is the appropriate intercropping mode of tobacco to C. junce L. in controlling the damage caused by tobacco root-knot nematodes.
引文
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[7]李晓飞,王云民,徐成龙,等.万寿菊对烟草根结线虫的杀线活性[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(19):136-137,142.LI X F,WANG Y M,XU C L,et al.Nematicidal activity of marigold against tobacco root-knot nematode[J].Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci.,2017,45(19):136-137,142.
[8]贺红武,黄刚良.作为生物合理农药资源的热带植物[J].世界农药,2000,22(5):8-13.HE H W,HUANG G L.Tropical plants as biological reasonable pesticide resources[J].World Pesticide,2000,22(5):8-13.
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[11]王佳,曾广智,汪哲,等.杀线虫植物以及植物源杀线虫活性化合物研究与应用进展[J].中国生物防治学报,2018,34(3):469-479.WANG J,ZENG G Z,WANG Z,et al.Research and application on namaticidal plants and phytochemicals[J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2018,34(3):469-479.
[12]GOMMERS F J,BAKKER J.Physiological diseases induced by plant responses or products[M]//POINAR GO Jr.,JANSSON H B.Diseases of nematodes,Boca Raton:CRC Press,Inc,1988:3-22.
[13]JAVED N,GOWEN S R,ELHASSAN S A,et al.Efficacy of neem(Azadirachta indica)formulations on biology of root-knot nematodes(Meloidogyne javanica)on tomato[J].Crop Protection,2008,27(1):36-43.
[14]姬妍茹,杨庆丽,董艳,等.豆科植物杀线虫活性的研究应用进展[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(26):8884-8886.JI Y R,YANG Q L,DONG Y,et al.Research and application on nematicidal activity of the leguminosae plants[J].Journal of Anhui Agriculture Sciences,2014,42(26):8884-8886.
[15]MARBAN M N,DICKLOW M B.Evalauation of meloidogyme and nacobueaberrans on tomato by two plant[J].Ravde de Nematologic,1998,12(4):409-412.
[16]张瑞平,曾庆宾,余伟,等.烟草根结线虫病不同防控措施的田间筛选[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(4):54-59.ZHANG R P,ZENG Q B,YU W,et al.Different measures of controlling tobacco root-knot nematode disease in the field[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2016,37(4):54-59.
[17]赵琼玲,白昌军,虞道耿.猪屎豆属植物的利用价值及开发前景[J].热带农业科学,2008,4(4):71-74.ZHAO Q L,BAI C J,YU D G.Prospects for development and utilization of crotalaria[J].Chinese Hinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2008,4(4):71-74.
[18]宋辉,亚平,杨明文,等.烟草根结线虫病防治药剂的田间筛选研究[J].云南农业大学学报,2011,26(6):740-748.SONG H,YA P,YANG M W,et al.Study on pesticide control of tobacco root-knot nematodes disease in field[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2011,26(6):740-748.
[19]DANAHAP L S,WONANG D L.Antinematicidal efficacy of root exudates of some crotalaria species on meloidogyne incognita(root-knot nematode)(kofoid and white)chitwood isolated from infected Lycopersicum esculentum L.(tomato)plant[J].International Journal of Scientific&Technology Research,2016,5(3):70-84.
[20]MARIA S R,MOSJIDIS R N H.Evaluation of crotalaria juncea populations as hosts and antagonistic crops to manage meloidogyne incognita and rotylenchulueniformis[J].Nematropica,2008,38(2):155-161.
[21]KOGRAM C,SIMUNGKHUN B,POOSRI B.Effects of management method and age of sunnhemp(Crotalaria juncea L.)on soil properties,growth and seed yield of roselle[J].Thai Journal of Soils&Fertilizers,2005,23(2):39-53.
[22]SHARMA S,DEV S P,RAMESHWAR.Effect of green manuring of sunnhemp(Crotalaria juncea L.)on rice yield,nitrogen turnover and soil properties[J].Crop Research,2000:418-423.
[23]EDJE O T,MABUZA H.Effects of using sunnhemp[Crotalaria juncea L.]as a green manure crop and as an intercrop with maize[Zea mays L.]in Middleveld of Swaziland.I:Maize morphological responses and potential fodder value of biomass[J].African Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences and Technologies,2014,1(1):19-27.
[24]TSUBO M,WALKER S,MUKHALA E.Comparisons of radiation use efficiency of mono-inter-cropping systems with different row orientations[J].Field Crops Research,2001,71(1):17-29.
[25]KEATING B A,CARBERRY P S.Resource capture and use in intercropping:solar radiation[J].Field Crops Research,1993,34(3-4):273-301.
[26]KN?RZER H,GRAEFF-H?NNINGER S,GUO B,et al.The rediscovery of intercropping in China:a traditional cropping system for future Chinese agriculture-a review[M]//Climate change,intercropping,pest control and beneficial microorganisms.Netherlands:Springer,2009:13-44.
[2]张瑞平,闫芳芳,刘旭,等.攀枝花市烤烟根结线虫病的发生与防治[J].四川农业科技,2015(11):44-45.ZHANG R P,YAN F F,LIU X,et al.Occurrence and control of tobacco root knot nematode disease in Panzhihua[J].Science and Technology of Sichuan Agriculture,2015(11):44-45.
[3]闫芳芳,杨军伟,杨建春,等.攀枝花市烤烟主要病虫害发生现状与防控对策[J].四川农业科技,2015(7):41-42.YAN F F,YANG J W,YANG J C,et al.Present situation and control countermeasures of main tobacco diseases and insect pests in Panzhihua[J].Science and Technology of Sichuan Agriculture,2015(7):41-42.
[4]金娜,刘倩,简恒.植物寄生线虫生物防治研究新进展[J].中国生物防治学报,2015,31(5):789-800.JIN N,LIU Q,JIAN H.Advances on biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes[J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2015,31(5):789-800.
[5]闫芳芳,曾庆宾,官宇,等.猪屎豆与淡紫拟青霉联合防治烟草根结线虫病的效果评价[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(9):136-140.YAN F F,ZENG Q B,GUAN Y,et al.Integrated control of tobacco root-knot nematode disease by crotalaria pallida and paecilomyces lilacinus[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2018,34(9):136-140.
[6]陈德鑫,许家来,曹君正,等.卵寄生真菌刀孢蜡蚧菌对烟草根结线虫的生物防治[J].中国烟草科学,2012,33(4):65-69.CHEN D X,XU J L,CAO J Z,et al.Biocontrol of tobacco root-knot nematodes by egg-parasiticfungus lecanicillium psalliotae[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2012,33(4):65-69.
[7]李晓飞,王云民,徐成龙,等.万寿菊对烟草根结线虫的杀线活性[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(19):136-137,142.LI X F,WANG Y M,XU C L,et al.Nematicidal activity of marigold against tobacco root-knot nematode[J].Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci.,2017,45(19):136-137,142.
[8]贺红武,黄刚良.作为生物合理农药资源的热带植物[J].世界农药,2000,22(5):8-13.HE H W,HUANG G L.Tropical plants as biological reasonable pesticide resources[J].World Pesticide,2000,22(5):8-13.
[9]吴钜文,陈建峰.植物源农药及其安全性[J].植物保护,2002,28(4):39-41.WU J W,CHEN J F.Botanical pesticides and their safety[J].Plant Protection,2002,28(4):39-41.
[10]邓志勇,邓业成,阳振.我国植物源农药的研究与应用[J].南方农业学报,2006,37(6):678-681.DENG Z Y,DENG Y C,YANG Z.Research and application of plant-derived pesticides in China[J].Gguangxi Agricultural Sciences,2006,37(6):678-681.
[11]王佳,曾广智,汪哲,等.杀线虫植物以及植物源杀线虫活性化合物研究与应用进展[J].中国生物防治学报,2018,34(3):469-479.WANG J,ZENG G Z,WANG Z,et al.Research and application on namaticidal plants and phytochemicals[J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2018,34(3):469-479.
[12]GOMMERS F J,BAKKER J.Physiological diseases induced by plant responses or products[M]//POINAR GO Jr.,JANSSON H B.Diseases of nematodes,Boca Raton:CRC Press,Inc,1988:3-22.
[13]JAVED N,GOWEN S R,ELHASSAN S A,et al.Efficacy of neem(Azadirachta indica)formulations on biology of root-knot nematodes(Meloidogyne javanica)on tomato[J].Crop Protection,2008,27(1):36-43.
[14]姬妍茹,杨庆丽,董艳,等.豆科植物杀线虫活性的研究应用进展[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(26):8884-8886.JI Y R,YANG Q L,DONG Y,et al.Research and application on nematicidal activity of the leguminosae plants[J].Journal of Anhui Agriculture Sciences,2014,42(26):8884-8886.
[15]MARBAN M N,DICKLOW M B.Evalauation of meloidogyme and nacobueaberrans on tomato by two plant[J].Ravde de Nematologic,1998,12(4):409-412.
[16]张瑞平,曾庆宾,余伟,等.烟草根结线虫病不同防控措施的田间筛选[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(4):54-59.ZHANG R P,ZENG Q B,YU W,et al.Different measures of controlling tobacco root-knot nematode disease in the field[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2016,37(4):54-59.
[17]赵琼玲,白昌军,虞道耿.猪屎豆属植物的利用价值及开发前景[J].热带农业科学,2008,4(4):71-74.ZHAO Q L,BAI C J,YU D G.Prospects for development and utilization of crotalaria[J].Chinese Hinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2008,4(4):71-74.
[18]宋辉,亚平,杨明文,等.烟草根结线虫病防治药剂的田间筛选研究[J].云南农业大学学报,2011,26(6):740-748.SONG H,YA P,YANG M W,et al.Study on pesticide control of tobacco root-knot nematodes disease in field[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2011,26(6):740-748.
[19]DANAHAP L S,WONANG D L.Antinematicidal efficacy of root exudates of some crotalaria species on meloidogyne incognita(root-knot nematode)(kofoid and white)chitwood isolated from infected Lycopersicum esculentum L.(tomato)plant[J].International Journal of Scientific&Technology Research,2016,5(3):70-84.
[20]MARIA S R,MOSJIDIS R N H.Evaluation of crotalaria juncea populations as hosts and antagonistic crops to manage meloidogyne incognita and rotylenchulueniformis[J].Nematropica,2008,38(2):155-161.
[21]KOGRAM C,SIMUNGKHUN B,POOSRI B.Effects of management method and age of sunnhemp(Crotalaria juncea L.)on soil properties,growth and seed yield of roselle[J].Thai Journal of Soils&Fertilizers,2005,23(2):39-53.
[22]SHARMA S,DEV S P,RAMESHWAR.Effect of green manuring of sunnhemp(Crotalaria juncea L.)on rice yield,nitrogen turnover and soil properties[J].Crop Research,2000:418-423.
[23]EDJE O T,MABUZA H.Effects of using sunnhemp[Crotalaria juncea L.]as a green manure crop and as an intercrop with maize[Zea mays L.]in Middleveld of Swaziland.I:Maize morphological responses and potential fodder value of biomass[J].African Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences and Technologies,2014,1(1):19-27.
[24]TSUBO M,WALKER S,MUKHALA E.Comparisons of radiation use efficiency of mono-inter-cropping systems with different row orientations[J].Field Crops Research,2001,71(1):17-29.
[25]KEATING B A,CARBERRY P S.Resource capture and use in intercropping:solar radiation[J].Field Crops Research,1993,34(3-4):273-301.
[26]KN?RZER H,GRAEFF-H?NNINGER S,GUO B,et al.The rediscovery of intercropping in China:a traditional cropping system for future Chinese agriculture-a review[M]//Climate change,intercropping,pest control and beneficial microorganisms.Netherlands:Springer,2009:13-44.