论宋代诗歌创作选材的禅学化
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摘要
两宋时期,禅宗迅猛发展,文人以禅入诗的现象日益增多,从而出现了诗歌创作选材禅学化的倾向。这主要表现在三个方面:一是禅典入诗,即把禅学典故引入诗中,诗人或对禅典本身进行描述,或借助典故抒发个人情感。二是禅理入诗,即把禅学理论引入诗中,或以诗歌阐明自性佛性的本质,或以诗歌阐明修持觉悟的途径,又或以诗歌阐明觉悟与自性之间的关系。三是禅趣入诗,即借助诗歌表达禅趣,或表达自在随缘之禅趣,或表达观物明心之禅趣。禅典、禅理和禅趣的引入,不仅推进了禅学的传播,也丰富了诗歌创作的选材,扩展了诗歌的内容,同时也提升了诗歌的审美境界。可见,宋代诗歌创作选材的禅学化对中国古典诗歌和古典诗学的发展具有积极的意义。
Zen Buddhism developed rapidly in Song Dynasty. More and more poets fused Zen into poetry, so the writing materials of poetry in Song Dynasty was influenced by Zen deeply. There were three aspects. Firstly,poets fused stories of Zen into poetry. Some poets just described the stories of Zen. Some poets expressed their feelings by means of those stories. Secondly, poets fused ideas of Zen into poetry. Some poems expounded the self-nature and Buddhist Nature. Some poems expounded the approach of consciousness. Some poems expounded the relationship between consciousness and self-nature. Thirdly, poets fused interests of Zen into poetry. Some poems expressed the interest of lightheartedness and gentleness. Others expressed the interest of observing the world and realizing one's heart. Poets fused stories, ideas and interests of Zen into poetry that not only promoted the spread of Zen, but also enriched the writing materials of poetry, expanded the content of poetry and improved the aesthetic realm of poetry. It had positive significance to the development of Chinese classical poetry and poetics.
Zen Buddhism developed rapidly in Song Dynasty. More and more poets fused Zen into poetry, so the writing materials of poetry in Song Dynasty was influenced by Zen deeply. There were three aspects. Firstly,poets fused stories of Zen into poetry. Some poets just described the stories of Zen. Some poets expressed their feelings by means of those stories. Secondly, poets fused ideas of Zen into poetry. Some poems expounded the self-nature and Buddhist Nature. Some poems expounded the approach of consciousness. Some poems expounded the relationship between consciousness and self-nature. Thirdly, poets fused interests of Zen into poetry. Some poems expressed the interest of lightheartedness and gentleness. Others expressed the interest of observing the world and realizing one's heart. Poets fused stories, ideas and interests of Zen into poetry that not only promoted the spread of Zen, but also enriched the writing materials of poetry, expanded the content of poetry and improved the aesthetic realm of poetry. It had positive significance to the development of Chinese classical poetry and poetics.
引文
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[11]范成大.范石湖集[M].富寿荪,标校.上海:上海古籍出版社,2006:47.
[12]北京大学古文献研究所.全宋诗:第四十五册[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1998:27794.
[13]杨万里.诚斋诗集笺证[M].薛瑞生,校笺.西安:三秦出版社,2011:517.
[14]叶适.叶适集[M].刘公纯,王孝鱼,李哲夫,点校.北京:中华书局,1983.
[15]吴小如.汉魏六朝诗鉴赏辞典[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,2016:1192.
[16]北京大学古文献研究所.全宋诗:第十册[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1998:6729.
[17]戴昺.戴东野诗集:五卷[M].北京:北京出版社,2010:304.
[18]北京大学古文献研究所.全宋诗:第三十三册[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1998:20956.