浙江海岛广布优势植被类型的植物区系学研究
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摘要
浙江海岛具有较丰富的种子植物区系,也具有中国亚热带常绿阔叶林典型的类型,是植物区系地理和植被地理研究的重要区域,为了丰富对该区域地带性灌丛的认识,对东海范围的浙江岛屿进行野外调查,并对其植被类型中优势的各层植物种类进行区系学分析。结果表明,东海范围的浙江岛屿上发现了广布的暖温性常绿灌丛,主要有滨柃灌丛,柃木灌丛和海桐灌丛;从这类灌丛120种优势和常见维管束植物的种类结构分析看,只有热带亚洲成分、东亚中的中国-日本成分和中国特有成分贯穿灌木层、草本层和层外植物3大类中;而中国特有种的进一步分析表明了它的区系成分具亚热带性质;同时还存在一些原生植被破坏后不同演替阶段的次生落叶灌丛,如野桐灌丛、化香灌丛、盐肤木灌丛等居于其间。作为次生演替研究的理想场所,且是重要中国-日本海滨类群聚集的场所,浙江海岛灌丛具有不同层次的保护生物学意义。
The islands of Zhejiang Province are rich in flora of seed plants and in types of ever-green broad-leaved forests occurring in the subtropical region of China,which are suitable for the study of floristic and vegetational geography.To enrich knowledge of the zonal shrubs of the islands,a field-work on the islands distributed in the East China Sea was conducted and the floristic characters of dominant species of every layers in the shrubs was analyzed.The results showed that warm evergreen broad-leaved shrubs was broadly distributed in the islands.Major forms of the shrubs were Form. Eurya japonica,Form.E.emarginata,and Form. Pittosporum tobira.Based on our floristic analyses of the 120 dominant and frequent species in the shrubs,we found that only Tropical Asian,Sino-Japanese,and Chinese endemic elements emerge in all three layers,including shrub layer,ground layer and inter-layers.Further analyses of the eight Chinese endemic species showed that the evergreen broad-leaved shrubs on the Zhejiang islands were floristically subtropical rather than temperate.Several types of secondary deciduous broad-leaved shrubs at various successional stages,such as Mallotus japonicus shrub, Platycarya strobilacea shrub,and Rhus chinensis shrub,can also be found among the evergreen broad-leaved shrubs,which may be a result of the destruction of the original vegetation.As an ideal place for studying the secondary succession and restoration and an important place harboring abundant Sino-Japanese floristic elements,the evergreen broad-leaved shrubs on the Zhejiang islands are of significant importance for the conservation of biodiversity.
The islands of Zhejiang Province are rich in flora of seed plants and in types of ever-green broad-leaved forests occurring in the subtropical region of China,which are suitable for the study of floristic and vegetational geography.To enrich knowledge of the zonal shrubs of the islands,a field-work on the islands distributed in the East China Sea was conducted and the floristic characters of dominant species of every layers in the shrubs was analyzed.The results showed that warm evergreen broad-leaved shrubs was broadly distributed in the islands.Major forms of the shrubs were Form. Eurya japonica,Form.E.emarginata,and Form. Pittosporum tobira.Based on our floristic analyses of the 120 dominant and frequent species in the shrubs,we found that only Tropical Asian,Sino-Japanese,and Chinese endemic elements emerge in all three layers,including shrub layer,ground layer and inter-layers.Further analyses of the eight Chinese endemic species showed that the evergreen broad-leaved shrubs on the Zhejiang islands were floristically subtropical rather than temperate.Several types of secondary deciduous broad-leaved shrubs at various successional stages,such as Mallotus japonicus shrub, Platycarya strobilacea shrub,and Rhus chinensis shrub,can also be found among the evergreen broad-leaved shrubs,which may be a result of the destruction of the original vegetation.As an ideal place for studying the secondary succession and restoration and an important place harboring abundant Sino-Japanese floristic elements,the evergreen broad-leaved shrubs on the Zhejiang islands are of significant importance for the conservation of biodiversity.
引文
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[12]J Braun-Blanquet.Le origine et le development des flores dans le Massif Central de France[M].L'homme Paris and Beer,Zurich,1923.
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[2]Kewang X L J,Qiang F,Hua P.A new species of Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) from Jiangxi Province,China,based on morphological and molecular data,Phutotaxa[J].Phytotaxa,2016,298(2):147-157.
[3]蔡燕红,宋振亚,李亚蔚,等.中国陆地与海岛植被分类研究综述与展望[J].海洋学报,2016,38(4):95-108.
[4]陈征海,谢文远,李修鹏.宁波海滨植物[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[5]Wu C Z,Li X M,Gu W, et al.The biogeographical distribution of tree species-abundance and its relation to climatic factors in mass islands [J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2017,36(9):87-90.
[6]吴征镒.中国植被[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[7]吴邦兴.西双版纳热带雨林植物区系组成初步分析[J].云南植物研究,1985,7(1):25-47.
[8]彭华,吴征镒.无量山中山湿性常绿阔叶林植物区系学的初步研究[J].云南植物研究,1998,20(1):12-22.
[9]李锡文.中国种子植物区系统计分析[J].云南植物研究,1996,18(4):363-384.
[10]陈书坤.冬青科[M].//吴征镒.中国植物志.北京:科学出版社,1999.
[11]Chen S K.Aquifoliaceae[M].//C.Y.Wu.Flora of China.Beijing & St.Louis:Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press,2008.
[12]J Braun-Blanquet.Le origine et le development des flores dans le Massif Central de France[M].L'homme Paris and Beer,Zurich,1923.
[13]彭华,吴征镒.滇中南无量山种子植物区系联系及其地位[J].山地研究,1997,15(3):1-6.