施氮水平对膜下滴灌烤烟的生长及化学品质的影响
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摘要
采用膜下滴灌,研究施氮水平(高氮97.5 kg/hm2、中氮82.5 kg/hm2和低氮67.5 kg/hm2)对烤烟生长、叶片硝酸还原酶活性及烤后烟叶化学成分协调性的影响。增加施氮量,烤烟旺长期和现蕾期株高和叶片数随之增加;高氮处理显著(P<0.05)提高了烟株茎围和中部叶叶长,增加了单株留叶数;施氮水平对中部叶叶宽无显著性影响;增加施氮量显著提高烤烟生长前期(移栽45 d)叶片硝酸还原酶活性;中氮处理烤后烟叶糖碱比和氮碱比较适宜,中上部叶可溶性糖、还原糖、淀粉和总氮含量中等,蛋白质含量最低,烟碱含量最高。膜下滴灌烤烟,施氮量82.5 kg/hm2满足烟株生长的氮需求,烟叶烘烤后化学品质及其协调性较好。
A field experiment with drip irrigation under plastic mulch was conducted to study effects of three nitrogen fertilizer rates(high nitrogen content of 97.5 kg/hm2;moderate nitrogen content of 82.5 kg/hm2;low nitrogen content of 67.5 kg/hm2) on growth of tobacco plant,activity of nitrate reductase in tobacco leaf and coordination of chemical components in flue-cured tobacco leaf.The results showed that plant height and leaf number of tobacco in vigorous growth period and bud stage increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer rate;the treatment with high nitrogen content significantly increased stem width,length of middle-part leaf and number of leaves remained per plant(P<0.05);the nitrogen fertilizer rate had no significant influence on width of middle-part leaf;increasing nitrogen fertilizer rate can improve activity of nitrate reductase in tobacco leaf in early growth period(45 d after transplanting);in treatment with moderate nitrogen content,the ratio of sugar to alkali and the ratio of nitrogen to alkali in flue-cured tobacco leaf were appropriate,the contents of soluble sugar,reducing sugar,starch and total nitrogen were moderate in middle-upper leaves,otherwise,the protein content was the lowest and the nicotine content was the highest.Therefore,when adopting technology of drip irrigation under plastic mulch,the nitrogen fertilizer rate of 82.5 kg/hm2 was appropriate for growth of tobacco plant,moreover,the chemical quality and coordination of chemical components in flue-cured tobacco leaves were relatively better.
A field experiment with drip irrigation under plastic mulch was conducted to study effects of three nitrogen fertilizer rates(high nitrogen content of 97.5 kg/hm2;moderate nitrogen content of 82.5 kg/hm2;low nitrogen content of 67.5 kg/hm2) on growth of tobacco plant,activity of nitrate reductase in tobacco leaf and coordination of chemical components in flue-cured tobacco leaf.The results showed that plant height and leaf number of tobacco in vigorous growth period and bud stage increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer rate;the treatment with high nitrogen content significantly increased stem width,length of middle-part leaf and number of leaves remained per plant(P<0.05);the nitrogen fertilizer rate had no significant influence on width of middle-part leaf;increasing nitrogen fertilizer rate can improve activity of nitrate reductase in tobacco leaf in early growth period(45 d after transplanting);in treatment with moderate nitrogen content,the ratio of sugar to alkali and the ratio of nitrogen to alkali in flue-cured tobacco leaf were appropriate,the contents of soluble sugar,reducing sugar,starch and total nitrogen were moderate in middle-upper leaves,otherwise,the protein content was the lowest and the nicotine content was the highest.Therefore,when adopting technology of drip irrigation under plastic mulch,the nitrogen fertilizer rate of 82.5 kg/hm2 was appropriate for growth of tobacco plant,moreover,the chemical quality and coordination of chemical components in flue-cured tobacco leaves were relatively better.
引文
[1]李玉义,逄焕成,陈阜,等.膜下滴灌对加工番茄水分利用效率与品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,28(4):83-86.
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[4]侯振安,李品芳,龚江,等.不同滴灌施肥策略对棉花氮素吸收和氮肥利用率的影响[J].土壤学报,2007,44(4):702-708.
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[9]郑仙霞,朴世领,刘丹,等.不同氮用量对烤烟产量及内在品质的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2008,30(5):663-668.
[10]周柳福,黄美福,周兴华,等.不同氮肥用量对田烤烟生长、养分吸收及产质量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2010,23(4):1166-1172.
[11]崔保伟,陆引罡,张振中,等.不同施氮量对烤烟生理特性及化学品质的影响[J].山地农业生物学报,2008,27(5):377-381.
[12]李雨江.不同氮用量对烤烟中性香气成分及感官质量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(2):772-773,823.
[13]王新发.不同调控措施对烟叶香味基础物质及相关性状的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2010.
[14]邹琦.植物生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[15]王瑞新,韩富根,杨素勤,等.烟草化学品质分析法[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1990.
[16]王瑞新.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[17]华水金,杨宇虹,赵菊英,等.氮肥对水田与旱地烤烟叶绿素动态、生长及产量的影响[J].土壤肥料,2005,(6):31-35.
[18]云菲,刘国顺,史宏志.光氮互作对烟草气体交换和部分碳氮代谢酶活性及品质的影响[J].作物学报,2010,36(3):508-516.
[19]关义新,林葆,凌碧莹.光、氮及其互作对玉米幼苗叶片光合和碳、氮代谢的影响[J].作物学报,2000,26(6):806-812.
[2]胡晓棠,陈虎,王静,等.不同土壤湿度对膜下滴灌棉花根系生长和分布的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(5):1682-1689.
[3]王洪云,王德勋,单沛祥,等.烟草膜下滴灌试验研究[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(5):42-46.
[4]侯振安,李品芳,龚江,等.不同滴灌施肥策略对棉花氮素吸收和氮肥利用率的影响[J].土壤学报,2007,44(4):702-708.
[5]李春俭,张福锁,李文卿,等.我国烤烟生产中氮素管理及其与烟叶品质的关系[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(2):331-337.
[6]陈志厚,徐茜,廖锦建,等.不同施氮量对南平烤烟红花大金元产质量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(10):34-37.
[7]Ju Xiaotang,Chao Fengchun,Li Chunjian,et al.Yield and nico-tine content of flue-cured tobacco as affected by soil nitrogenmineralization[J].Pedosphere,2008,18(2):227-235.
[8]Rideout J W,Gooden D T,Fortnum B A.Influence of nitrogenapplication rate and method on yield and leaf chemistry of tobac-co grown with drip irrigation and plastic mulch[J].Tobacco Sci-ence,1998,42(2/3):46-51.
[9]郑仙霞,朴世领,刘丹,等.不同氮用量对烤烟产量及内在品质的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2008,30(5):663-668.
[10]周柳福,黄美福,周兴华,等.不同氮肥用量对田烤烟生长、养分吸收及产质量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2010,23(4):1166-1172.
[11]崔保伟,陆引罡,张振中,等.不同施氮量对烤烟生理特性及化学品质的影响[J].山地农业生物学报,2008,27(5):377-381.
[12]李雨江.不同氮用量对烤烟中性香气成分及感官质量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(2):772-773,823.
[13]王新发.不同调控措施对烟叶香味基础物质及相关性状的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2010.
[14]邹琦.植物生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[15]王瑞新,韩富根,杨素勤,等.烟草化学品质分析法[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1990.
[16]王瑞新.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[17]华水金,杨宇虹,赵菊英,等.氮肥对水田与旱地烤烟叶绿素动态、生长及产量的影响[J].土壤肥料,2005,(6):31-35.
[18]云菲,刘国顺,史宏志.光氮互作对烟草气体交换和部分碳氮代谢酶活性及品质的影响[J].作物学报,2010,36(3):508-516.
[19]关义新,林葆,凌碧莹.光、氮及其互作对玉米幼苗叶片光合和碳、氮代谢的影响[J].作物学报,2000,26(6):806-812.