指示叶片成熟度对一次性采收的上部烟叶可用性的影响
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摘要
为探讨一次性采收上部烟叶适宜成熟度和采收方法,以烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum L.)品种云烟87为材料,选取上部倒数第3片叶为指示叶片,研究指示叶片处于尚熟、成熟和完熟时对一次性采收的上部烟叶可用性的影响。结果表明,随着指示叶片采收成熟度由尚熟提高到成熟再到完熟,上部叶SPAD值、叶片厚度和叶质重均下降,且不同成熟度间差异显著;总糖和还原糖含量均表现为先增加后降低的趋势,分别在15.99%~20.53%和14.85%~18.80%范围内变动;总氮为2.95%~3.40%,烟碱为3.19%~3.42%;糖碱比为4.87~6.25,并随着成熟度的提高而增加;上部倒数1~3片叶上等烟比例因叶位升高而增加,倒数4~6片叶上等烟比例则反降。尚熟采收的产量最高(1 255.42 kg/hm2),而成熟采收的产值最高(2.48万元/hm2)。利用指示叶片成熟度来指导上部叶一次性采收可行。
In order to investigate the suitability of upper leaves of one-time harvest maturity and harvesting method,using a tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar Yunyan 87 as material,selecting the upside third leaf blade as the indicator,the effects of harvesting maturity of indicative leaves on availability of once harvested upper leaves in flue-cured tobacco were investigated. The results showed that with the indication of leaf harvest maturity from immature to mature to ripe,the upper leaf SPAD value,leaf thickness and leaf weight decreased,and there were significant difference among tobacco leaves of different maturity;the content of total sugar and reducing sugar showed the trend of increasing first and then decreasing,respectively, changing in the range of 15.99% to 20.53% and 14.85% to 18.80%;total nitrogen was from 2.95% to 3.40%,and nicotine was from 3.19% to 3.42%;sugar alkali ratio was from 4.87 to 6.25,and increased with the improving of maturity; The first-class tobacco proportion of upper leaf tobacco leaves inverted 1~3 leaf increased with the leave position going up,oppositely,that of inverted 4 ~6 leaf decline. When the harvested leaves were immature, the highest yield was obtained(1 255.4 kg/hm2),while the value of mature harvest was the highest(24 800 yuan/hm2). It is feasible to guide the upper leaf harvesting by the maturity degree of indicative leaf.
In order to investigate the suitability of upper leaves of one-time harvest maturity and harvesting method,using a tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar Yunyan 87 as material,selecting the upside third leaf blade as the indicator,the effects of harvesting maturity of indicative leaves on availability of once harvested upper leaves in flue-cured tobacco were investigated. The results showed that with the indication of leaf harvest maturity from immature to mature to ripe,the upper leaf SPAD value,leaf thickness and leaf weight decreased,and there were significant difference among tobacco leaves of different maturity;the content of total sugar and reducing sugar showed the trend of increasing first and then decreasing,respectively, changing in the range of 15.99% to 20.53% and 14.85% to 18.80%;total nitrogen was from 2.95% to 3.40%,and nicotine was from 3.19% to 3.42%;sugar alkali ratio was from 4.87 to 6.25,and increased with the improving of maturity; The first-class tobacco proportion of upper leaf tobacco leaves inverted 1~3 leaf increased with the leave position going up,oppositely,that of inverted 4 ~6 leaf decline. When the harvested leaves were immature, the highest yield was obtained(1 255.4 kg/hm2),while the value of mature harvest was the highest(24 800 yuan/hm2). It is feasible to guide the upper leaf harvesting by the maturity degree of indicative leaf.
引文
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[19]李旭华,何传国,陈建军,等.广东浓香型特色烟叶关键生产技术理论与应用[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2011.
[20]陈刚,周清明,杨姣弟,等.采收方式和成熟度对上部烟叶细胞结构及品质的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(5):34-39.
[21]彭玉富,郜海民,王根发,等.一次采收对烤烟上部叶成熟度及烟碱和去甲基烟碱含量的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2016,50(3):295-298.
[22]王小兵,苗润隆,刘应华,等.采收方式对烤烟上部烟叶色素和多酚化合物的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(6):20-21.
[23]刘勇,周冀衡,周国生,等.采收方式和成熟度对烤烟上部烟叶产质量的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(1):16-21.
[24]蔡宪杰,刘茂林,谢德平,等.提高上部烟叶工业可用性技术研究[J].烟草科技,2010(6):10-17.
[25]李玉辉.云烟87采收成熟度对烟叶质量的影响[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2010.
[26]赵铭钦,苏长涛,姬小明,等.不同成熟度对烤后烟叶物理性状、化学成分和中性香气成分的影响[J].华北农学报,2008,23(3):146-150.
[27]付秋娟,张忠锋,窦家宇,等.烤烟物理特性与常规化学成分及外观质量的关系[J].中国烟草科学,2014(1):117-122.
[2]尹珍,周冀衡,左敏,等.不同成熟度对上部烟叶中性香气物质的影响[J].南方农业学报,2013,44(5):760-764.
[3]宫长荣,杨焕文,王能如,等.烟草调制学[M].北京:中国农业出版杜,2003.
[4]宫长荣,赵振山.烟叶成熟度、烘烤环境条件与烟叶品质的关系[A].国家烟草专卖局科技教育司.跨世纪烟草农业科技展望和持续发展战略研讨会论文集[C].北京:中国商业出版社,1999.307-316.
[5]罗华杰,周冀衡,徐文军,等.采收方式对上部烟叶质量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2012(7):31-34.
[6]杨丙钊,曹晓涛,李淑霞,等.烤烟上部叶一次采收对烟叶产量和质量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2014(3):25-27.
[7]陈振国,李建平,孙光伟,等.烤烟上部6片叶不同采收方式对产量及品质的影响[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(6):2522-2526.
[8]蔡良海,姚晶,曹廷茂,等.不同采收方式对烤烟上部叶质量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,(24):10142-10143.
[9]唐远驹.关于烟叶的可用性问题[J].中国烟草科学,2007(1):1-5.
[10]刘国顺.烟草栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[11]周南,潘文杰,高维常,等.烤烟含梗率研究进展[J].耕作与栽培,2016(3):83-85.
[12]徐照丽,李天福.SPAD-502叶绿素仪在烤烟生产中的应用研究[J].贵州农业科学,2006,34(4):23-24.
[13]曾建敏,姚恒,李天福,等.烤烟叶片叶绿素含量的测定及其与SPAR值的关系[J].分子植物育种,2009,7(1):56-62.
[14]武圣江,谢已书,罗勇,等.一种烤烟采收成熟度的快速无损检测方法[P].中国:CN103278458A,2013-09-04.
[15]李旭华,启强,潘义宏,等.不同成熟度烟叶叶绿素含量及其与SPAD值的相关分析[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(3):47-52,58.
[16]孙阳阳,靳志伟,黄明迪,等.SPAD值与鲜烟叶成熟度及烤后烟叶质量的关系[J].中国烟草科学,2016(2):42-46.
[17]刘志飞,金浩,张加建,等.不同采收成熟度对N C 297和N C 102中、上部烤后烟叶产质量的影响[J].广东农业科学,2015(24):47-52.
[18]王行,张敏坚,何振峰.采收成熟度对烟叶烤后质量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(4):161-164.
[19]李旭华,何传国,陈建军,等.广东浓香型特色烟叶关键生产技术理论与应用[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2011.
[20]陈刚,周清明,杨姣弟,等.采收方式和成熟度对上部烟叶细胞结构及品质的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(5):34-39.
[21]彭玉富,郜海民,王根发,等.一次采收对烤烟上部叶成熟度及烟碱和去甲基烟碱含量的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2016,50(3):295-298.
[22]王小兵,苗润隆,刘应华,等.采收方式对烤烟上部烟叶色素和多酚化合物的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(6):20-21.
[23]刘勇,周冀衡,周国生,等.采收方式和成熟度对烤烟上部烟叶产质量的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(1):16-21.
[24]蔡宪杰,刘茂林,谢德平,等.提高上部烟叶工业可用性技术研究[J].烟草科技,2010(6):10-17.
[25]李玉辉.云烟87采收成熟度对烟叶质量的影响[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2010.
[26]赵铭钦,苏长涛,姬小明,等.不同成熟度对烤后烟叶物理性状、化学成分和中性香气成分的影响[J].华北农学报,2008,23(3):146-150.
[27]付秋娟,张忠锋,窦家宇,等.烤烟物理特性与常规化学成分及外观质量的关系[J].中国烟草科学,2014(1):117-122.