不同施肥模式对小白菜生长及品质的影响
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摘要
以‘寿宁山冬乌’为试验材料,进行化肥减量配施有机肥的试验,研究5种不同施肥模式对小白菜植株农艺性状、产量和品质的影响,旨在为菜田的合理施肥与小白菜的绿色生产提供理论依据。试验结果表明,在等氮量施用情况下,施用纯化肥的小白菜单株质量、株高、叶片长和产量均极显著高于施用有机肥和化肥各半的,但在开展度、叶片数和叶片宽等3个指标差异不显著;施用有机肥和化肥各半的还原糖和维生素C含量均高于施用纯化肥的,粗纤维和硝酸盐含量均低于施用纯化肥的,差异均达极显著水平;在3种有机肥替代化肥处理中,还原糖和维生素C含量随着有机质含量的增加而增加,而粗纤维和硝酸盐含量随着有机质含量的增加而降低。综上所述,施用纯化肥比有机肥和化肥各半在短期内更能促进小白菜的生长发育,而施用有机肥和化肥各半能显著提高其品质,且与有机质含量成正比关系。
In order to provide the theoretical basis for the reasonable fertilization of vegetable fields and the green production of pakchoi,'Shouning Shan Dong Wu'(Brassica campestris L.) cultivar as test material, the combination of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic manure supplement was tested. the effects of 5 fertilization modes on agronomic traits, yield and quality in pakchoi were investigated. In the case of nitrogen application, the results showed that compared with combined organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer could highly significantly increased the single plant weight, plant height, leaf length and yield, but there were no significant differences among plant expansion, leaf numbers and leaf width. Treatments of combined organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer highly significantly improved the contents of reducing sugar and vitamin C and reduced the contents of crude fiber and nitrate compared with chemical fertilizer. In conclusion, pure chemical fertilizer could accelerate the growth and development of pakchoi compared with organic fertilizer in a short time, but combined organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could enhance the quality of pakchoi and it is proportional to the organic matter.
In order to provide the theoretical basis for the reasonable fertilization of vegetable fields and the green production of pakchoi,'Shouning Shan Dong Wu'(Brassica campestris L.) cultivar as test material, the combination of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic manure supplement was tested. the effects of 5 fertilization modes on agronomic traits, yield and quality in pakchoi were investigated. In the case of nitrogen application, the results showed that compared with combined organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer could highly significantly increased the single plant weight, plant height, leaf length and yield, but there were no significant differences among plant expansion, leaf numbers and leaf width. Treatments of combined organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer highly significantly improved the contents of reducing sugar and vitamin C and reduced the contents of crude fiber and nitrate compared with chemical fertilizer. In conclusion, pure chemical fertilizer could accelerate the growth and development of pakchoi compared with organic fertilizer in a short time, but combined organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could enhance the quality of pakchoi and it is proportional to the organic matter.
引文
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[10]邓接楼,王艾平,涂晓虹.生物有机肥对小白菜产量和品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(17):4359.
[11]卢树昌,王小波,翁福军,等.不同施肥处理对设施土壤硝态氮运移和芹菜生长与品质的影响[J].天津农业科学,2015,21(11):8-11.
[12]滕葳,柳琪,郭栋梁,等.农业国内蔬菜硝酸盐污染原因分析及防治对策[J].食品研究与开发,2003,24(6):38-42.
[13]邵旭日,毕然,王心斅,等.北京地区白菜栽培中有机肥的应用效果试验[J].蔬菜,2017(9):16-19.
[14]王建湘,周杰良.不同有机肥种类对小白菜品质及产量的影响[J].上海蔬菜,2007(1):63-64.
[15]李彧,蒋芳玲,明村豪,等.沼渣与复合肥配比对普通白菜产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2012(22):63-66.
[16]邱孝煊,黄东风,蔡顺香,等.施肥对蔬菜硝酸盐累积的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(2):111-114.
[17]黄东风,罗涛,邱孝煊.氮抑制剂对蔬菜产量和硝态氮含量的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2005(12):14-16.
[2]李先,刘强,荣湘民,等.有机肥对水稻产量和品质及氮肥利用率的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,36(3):258-262.
[3]王强,姜丽娜,符建荣,等.氮素形态、用量及施用时期对小青菜产量和硝酸盐含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(1):126-131.
[4]张耀良,姚春霞,陈亦,等.减量施肥对小白菜连作的产量、品质及生理特性的影响[J].上海农业学报,2012,28(2):132-136.
[5]叶景学,吴春燕,沈凌凌,等.有机肥与化肥配施对结球白菜产量和品质的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2004,26(2):155-157.
[6]乔红霞,汪羞德,朱爱凤,等.化学肥料减量施用对樱桃番茄和春甘蓝的产量及硝酸盐含量的影响[J].上海农业学报,2005,21(4):78-81.
[7]黄东风,王果,李卫华,等.不同施肥模式对小白菜生长、营养累积及菜地氮、磷流失的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(4):619-624.
[8]王冰清,尹能文,郑棉海,等.化肥减量配施有机肥对蔬菜产量和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(1):242-247.
[9]李杰,贾豪语,颉建明,等.生物肥部分替代化肥对花椰菜产量、品质、光合特性及肥料利用率的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(1):47-55.
[10]邓接楼,王艾平,涂晓虹.生物有机肥对小白菜产量和品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(17):4359.
[11]卢树昌,王小波,翁福军,等.不同施肥处理对设施土壤硝态氮运移和芹菜生长与品质的影响[J].天津农业科学,2015,21(11):8-11.
[12]滕葳,柳琪,郭栋梁,等.农业国内蔬菜硝酸盐污染原因分析及防治对策[J].食品研究与开发,2003,24(6):38-42.
[13]邵旭日,毕然,王心斅,等.北京地区白菜栽培中有机肥的应用效果试验[J].蔬菜,2017(9):16-19.
[14]王建湘,周杰良.不同有机肥种类对小白菜品质及产量的影响[J].上海蔬菜,2007(1):63-64.
[15]李彧,蒋芳玲,明村豪,等.沼渣与复合肥配比对普通白菜产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2012(22):63-66.
[16]邱孝煊,黄东风,蔡顺香,等.施肥对蔬菜硝酸盐累积的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(2):111-114.
[17]黄东风,罗涛,邱孝煊.氮抑制剂对蔬菜产量和硝态氮含量的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2005(12):14-16.