施肥对不同密度下爆裂玉米植株形态及籽粒产量的影响
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摘要
密度和施肥是实现玉米群体高产的关键技术,为探寻在关中地区施肥量对不同密度下夏播爆裂玉米产量和形态指标的影响,以沈爆3号为试验材料,采用密度为主区,肥料为副区的裂区设计,对爆裂玉米产量、产量构成、以及植株形态进行研究和相关分析。结果表明:适宜密度和施肥量能够有效提高爆裂玉米产量,最大产量出现在D3N2(密度8.25万株/hm2,施肥量216kg/hm2),为3 930.23kg/hm2;密度和施肥分别通过增加收获穗数和提高行粒数、穗长,提高群体产量。对形态指标的研究表明,穗位高对密度和施肥量的响应与株高变化趋势表现出一致的抛物线变化,叶夹角对密度和施肥量的响应与叶向值(LOV)变化趋势表现出对称的抛物线变化。相关分析表明,增大叶向值,减小叶夹角能有效提高行粒数、穗行数和百粒质量,适当降低株高和穗位高有利于增加穗行数。综上分析说明,不同施肥水平及种植密度通过影响植株形态,协调源库关系,最终影响籽粒产量。
Density and fertilization are the key factors for high yield of maize.In order to find the effects of fertilization on plant morphology and grain yield of popcorn under different densities on summer sowing in Guanzhong area,the split-plot experiment design and hybrid popcorn Shenbao No.3 were used to determine the effects of yield,yield components,plant morphology and correlation analysis.The results showed that the suitable planting density and fertilization effectively affected the maize yield,the highest yield was 3 930.23kg/hm2 in D3N2treatment(8.25×104 plants/hm2,216 kg/hm2).Density increased the number of ears and fertilization increased kernel number per row and ear length.For plant morphology,with the changes of density and fertilization,the plant height and ear height showed the similar change regular,but leaf angle and leaf orientation value(LOV)showed symmetric parabola change trend.Correlation analysis showed that,larger LOV and smaller leaf angle increased kernel number per row,ear row number and 100-kernel mass;reducing plant height and ear height were helpful to increase ear row number.Density and fertilization coordinated source-sink relationship by influencing the plant morphology,and eventually effect yield.
Density and fertilization are the key factors for high yield of maize.In order to find the effects of fertilization on plant morphology and grain yield of popcorn under different densities on summer sowing in Guanzhong area,the split-plot experiment design and hybrid popcorn Shenbao No.3 were used to determine the effects of yield,yield components,plant morphology and correlation analysis.The results showed that the suitable planting density and fertilization effectively affected the maize yield,the highest yield was 3 930.23kg/hm2 in D3N2treatment(8.25×104 plants/hm2,216 kg/hm2).Density increased the number of ears and fertilization increased kernel number per row and ear length.For plant morphology,with the changes of density and fertilization,the plant height and ear height showed the similar change regular,but leaf angle and leaf orientation value(LOV)showed symmetric parabola change trend.Correlation analysis showed that,larger LOV and smaller leaf angle increased kernel number per row,ear row number and 100-kernel mass;reducing plant height and ear height were helpful to increase ear row number.Density and fertilization coordinated source-sink relationship by influencing the plant morphology,and eventually effect yield.
引文
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[15]LIU Zhixin(刘志新),CAO Minjian(曹敏建),SUN Hongdong(孙宏东),et al.Studies on the Effects of the Plantdensities to Different Genotype Maize HybridsⅡ.Studies on the Effects of the Plant-densities to Major Agronomy Characters of Different Genotype Maize Hybrids[J].Rain Fed Crops(杂粮作物),2009,29(2):101-107(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]LI Ning(李宁),ZHAI Zhixi(翟志席),LI Jianmin(李建民),et al.Effects of Planting Density on Agricultural Characters,Root System Characters and Yield of Different Maize Plant Types[J].Journal of Maize Sciences(玉米科学),2008,16(5):98-102(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]WANG Qingcheng(王庆成),LIU Kaichang(刘开昌),ZHANG Xiuqing(张秀清),et al.Character and Dynamic Changes of Population Structure for New Compact Maize Hybrids[J].Journal of Shandong Agricultural Science(山东农业科学),1998(5):3-8(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]SANG Zhiqin(桑志勤),CHEN Shubin(陈树宾),DUAN Zhenyu(段震宇),et al.The Effect of Different Fertilizer Treatment on Multiple Cropping Silage Maize Plant Traits and Yield[J].Agricultural Science and Technology Communication(农业科技通讯),2012(9):41-45(in Chinese).
[19]TANG Jinfu(唐锦福),JIA Zhongjun(贾忠军),CHEN Zhiguo(陈志国),et al.Effect of Different Nitrogen Amount on Corn Characters and Yield[J].Modernization Agriculture(现代化农业),2009(7):9-10(in Chinese).
[20]YU Tianjiang(于天江),ZHANG Lin(张林),GU Siyu(谷思玉),et al.Effects of Different Planting Density and Nitrogen Rates on Biological Yield and Agricultural Silage Maize Dongqing 1[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2005,21(11):161-163,166(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]LIAN Yanxian(连艳鲜),LIANG Yueli(梁月丽).Studies on morphological characters of summer maize under highyield cultivation[J].Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology(河南科技学院学报),2009,37(2):9-12(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]JI Qing(季青),GUO Xinyu(郭新宇),WANG Jihua(王纪华),et al.The development of maize morphological architecture research[J].Journal of Maize Sciences(玉米科学),2004,12(S2):31-34,37(in Chinese).
[23]WU Enji(武恩吉),GAO Suxia(高素霞),LI Fangxian(李芳贤),et al.The relationship between the corn field uniformity and yield[J].Journal of Shandong Agricultural Science(山东农业科学),1986(3):7,8-10(in Chinese).
[24]CAO Xiucai(曹修才),HOU Tingrong(侯廷荣),ZHANG Guige(张桂阁),et al.The relationship between the corn field uniformity and ear characters[J].Journal of Maize Sciences(玉米科学)1996,4(2):62-64(in Chinese).
[25]GU Weilian(顾慰连),DAI Junying(戴俊英),LIU Junming(刘俊明),et al.The relationship between the corn field uniformity and yield[J].Liaoning Agricultural Sciences(辽宁农业科学),1984(4):9-13(in Chinese).
[2]LI Ming(李明),LI Wenxiong(李文雄).Regulation of Fertilizer and Density on Sink and Source Traits and Yield of Maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2004,37(8):1130-1137(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]SUN Ji(孙骥),SHI Zhensheng(史振声),LI Ronghua(李荣华),et al.Effect of Different Fertilizer Type on Growth,Quality and Yield of Maize Variety Shenbao No.3[J].Rain Fed Crops(杂粮作物),2006,26(2):88-90(in Chinese).
[4]SHI Zhensheng(史振声),ZHAO Na(赵娜),WU Yuqun(吴玉群),et al.Infection of Planting Density to Yield and Quality of Popcorn Shenbao No.3[J].Journal of Maize Sciences(玉米科学),2005,13(S1):130-132,134(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]NI Fei(倪绯),SHI Zhensheng(史振声),WANG Zhibin(王志斌),et al.Study on Canopy Structure and Physiological Characteristics of Shenbao No.3in Different Densities[J].Journal of Maize Sciences(玉米科学),2011,19(1):83-86,91(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]JIA Bo(贾波),XIE Qingchun(谢庆春),NI Xiangqun(倪向群),et al.Research Advance in Ideal Plant Type of Maize[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi(江西农业学报),2012,24(4):31-33(in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]CHANG Cheng(常程),ZHANG Shuping(张书萍),LIU Jing(刘晶),et al.The Effects of Density on Yield and Agronomic Traits of Different Plant Types under Different Density[J].Liaoning Agricultural Sciences(辽宁农业科学),2008(2):27-29(in Chinese).
[8]LI Yanyan(李妍妍),JING Xiqiang(景希强),FENG Guang(丰光),et al.Analysis of Agronomic Characters and Yield for Different Periods Maize Hybrids in China[J].Journal of Maize Sciences(玉米科学),2010,18(3):37-42(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]CHEN Guoli(陈国立),LIU Jianna(刘键娜),LOU Mailan(娄麦兰),et al.Study on Z958of the yield and pant traits in different density and fertilization[J].Journal of Maize Sciences(玉米科学),2006,14(S1):108-109,111(in Chinese).
[10]TANG Jihua(汤继华),XIE Huiling(谢惠玲),HUANG Shaomin(黄绍敏),et al.The Changes of the Content for Chlorophyll and Photosynthetic Productivity in Maize Inbred Lines under the Low-nitrogen Stress[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreal-sinica(华北农学报),2005,20(5):10-12(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]SUN Jian(孙健),FENG Hanyu(冯汉宇),ZHOU Shunli(周顺利),et al.Discussion on the Resistance of Maize Inbred Line Tie 7922to Low Nitrogen Stress in Seedling[J].Journal of Maize Sciences(玉米科学),2007,15(3):22-25(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]LIU Wuren(刘武仁),ZHENG Jinyu(郑金玉),LUO Yang(罗洋),et al.Research Advance on Physiological Changes Respond to Level of N Application[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreal-sinica(华北农学报),2010,25(S1):239-242(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]ZHANG Wei(张玮),ZUO Xiaolong(左晓龙),ZHANG Huinan(张会南),et al.Study on the Effect of Different Densities and Nitrogen Application Amounts on the Yield and Agronomic Characters of Zhengdan 958[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science(安徽农业科学),2009,37(13):5910-5911(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]SHI Zhensheng(史振声),SUN Meng(孙萌),LI Feng hai(李凤海),et al.Study on Potential Densities of Maize in the West of Liaoning Province[J].Journal of Maize Sciences(玉米科学),2010,18(4):99-102(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]LIU Zhixin(刘志新),CAO Minjian(曹敏建),SUN Hongdong(孙宏东),et al.Studies on the Effects of the Plantdensities to Different Genotype Maize HybridsⅡ.Studies on the Effects of the Plant-densities to Major Agronomy Characters of Different Genotype Maize Hybrids[J].Rain Fed Crops(杂粮作物),2009,29(2):101-107(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]LI Ning(李宁),ZHAI Zhixi(翟志席),LI Jianmin(李建民),et al.Effects of Planting Density on Agricultural Characters,Root System Characters and Yield of Different Maize Plant Types[J].Journal of Maize Sciences(玉米科学),2008,16(5):98-102(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]WANG Qingcheng(王庆成),LIU Kaichang(刘开昌),ZHANG Xiuqing(张秀清),et al.Character and Dynamic Changes of Population Structure for New Compact Maize Hybrids[J].Journal of Shandong Agricultural Science(山东农业科学),1998(5):3-8(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]SANG Zhiqin(桑志勤),CHEN Shubin(陈树宾),DUAN Zhenyu(段震宇),et al.The Effect of Different Fertilizer Treatment on Multiple Cropping Silage Maize Plant Traits and Yield[J].Agricultural Science and Technology Communication(农业科技通讯),2012(9):41-45(in Chinese).
[19]TANG Jinfu(唐锦福),JIA Zhongjun(贾忠军),CHEN Zhiguo(陈志国),et al.Effect of Different Nitrogen Amount on Corn Characters and Yield[J].Modernization Agriculture(现代化农业),2009(7):9-10(in Chinese).
[20]YU Tianjiang(于天江),ZHANG Lin(张林),GU Siyu(谷思玉),et al.Effects of Different Planting Density and Nitrogen Rates on Biological Yield and Agricultural Silage Maize Dongqing 1[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2005,21(11):161-163,166(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]LIAN Yanxian(连艳鲜),LIANG Yueli(梁月丽).Studies on morphological characters of summer maize under highyield cultivation[J].Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology(河南科技学院学报),2009,37(2):9-12(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]JI Qing(季青),GUO Xinyu(郭新宇),WANG Jihua(王纪华),et al.The development of maize morphological architecture research[J].Journal of Maize Sciences(玉米科学),2004,12(S2):31-34,37(in Chinese).
[23]WU Enji(武恩吉),GAO Suxia(高素霞),LI Fangxian(李芳贤),et al.The relationship between the corn field uniformity and yield[J].Journal of Shandong Agricultural Science(山东农业科学),1986(3):7,8-10(in Chinese).
[24]CAO Xiucai(曹修才),HOU Tingrong(侯廷荣),ZHANG Guige(张桂阁),et al.The relationship between the corn field uniformity and ear characters[J].Journal of Maize Sciences(玉米科学)1996,4(2):62-64(in Chinese).
[25]GU Weilian(顾慰连),DAI Junying(戴俊英),LIU Junming(刘俊明),et al.The relationship between the corn field uniformity and yield[J].Liaoning Agricultural Sciences(辽宁农业科学),1984(4):9-13(in Chinese).