西北地区种植密度对夏播沈爆3号产量和品质的影响
|
摘要
在西北地区夏播条件下,以沈爆3号为试验材料,在不同密度下对其产量、品质及生理指标进行研究。结果表明,沈爆3号适合高密度种植且适应密度范围较大,密度在82 500株/hm2时产量最高,达3 915.17 kg/hm2;最大叶面积指数和最大叶绿素值分别出现在97 500株/hm2和52 500株/hm2密度处理;高密度条件下,最大叶面积指数出现的时期较晚,持续时间较长,叶绿素含量变化也较为平缓;高密条件下较大的叶面积指数降低了因叶绿素含量下降而对产量造成的负效应,即降低了高密条件下源对于产量的限制;沈爆3号平均叶向值LOV为11.5,在品种改良上具有很大的上升潜力;建立产量和生理指标最优回归方程为:Y=490.280 6-7.836 0X2+7.505 5X3(R2=0.999 9,X2为叶绿素SPAD值,X3为叶向值)。在夏播条件下,沈爆3号膨爆率、膨爆倍数分别为96.29%和23倍,分别比春播低1.07个百分点和27.97%。玉米花中淀粉、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、赖氨酸平均含量分别为51.94%、10.30%、6.97%和0.24%。
Yield,qualities and physiological indexes of Shenbao No.3 were studied on summer sowing in Northwest China.The result showed that Shenbao No.3 was suitably planted in high density,and adapted to larger density limits.The highest yield was 3 915.17 kg/ha which earned in 82 500 plants/ha.Second,the max LAI(6.55) and highest chlorophyll SPAD value(48.22) respectively appeared in 97 500 plants/ha and 52 500 plants/ha.Under the high density,max LAI lasted a long time and SPAD value changed gently in the whole growth stage.Larger LAI decreased negative effects caused by the lower chlorophyll SPAD value on yield,namely,it reduce the limits of source for yield.Compared with others,Shenbao No.3 has lower leaf orientation value(LOV=11.5),so it has huge yield potential if can rise up the LOV in crops breeding method.Third,stepwise regression analysis of yield and physiological indexes showed that,Y=490.280 6-7.836 0X2+7.505 5X3(R2=0.999 9,X2 SPAD value,X3 LOV).Last,under the condition of summer sowing,popping percentage and popping multiple were 96.29% and 23.00,higher than that in spring sowing1.07% and 27.97%;Starch,crude protein,crude fat and lysine in the average content of 51.94%,10.30%,6.97% and0.24% respectively.
Yield,qualities and physiological indexes of Shenbao No.3 were studied on summer sowing in Northwest China.The result showed that Shenbao No.3 was suitably planted in high density,and adapted to larger density limits.The highest yield was 3 915.17 kg/ha which earned in 82 500 plants/ha.Second,the max LAI(6.55) and highest chlorophyll SPAD value(48.22) respectively appeared in 97 500 plants/ha and 52 500 plants/ha.Under the high density,max LAI lasted a long time and SPAD value changed gently in the whole growth stage.Larger LAI decreased negative effects caused by the lower chlorophyll SPAD value on yield,namely,it reduce the limits of source for yield.Compared with others,Shenbao No.3 has lower leaf orientation value(LOV=11.5),so it has huge yield potential if can rise up the LOV in crops breeding method.Third,stepwise regression analysis of yield and physiological indexes showed that,Y=490.280 6-7.836 0X2+7.505 5X3(R2=0.999 9,X2 SPAD value,X3 LOV).Last,under the condition of summer sowing,popping percentage and popping multiple were 96.29% and 23.00,higher than that in spring sowing1.07% and 27.97%;Starch,crude protein,crude fat and lysine in the average content of 51.94%,10.30%,6.97% and0.24% respectively.
引文
[1]史振声,赵娜,吴玉群,等.种植密度对沈爆3号爆裂玉米产量和品质的影响[J].玉米科学,2005,13(增刊):130-132,134.Shi Z S,Zhao N,Wu Y Q,et al.Infection of planting density to yield and quality of popcorn Shenbao No.3[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2005,13 (S):130-132,134.(in Chinese)
[2]倪绯,史振声,王志斌,等.沈爆3号在不同密度下的冠层结构和生理特征研究[J].玉米科学,2011,19(1):83-86,91.Ni F,Shi Z S,Wang Z B,et a1.Study on canopy structure and physiological characteristics of Shenbao No.3 in different densities[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2011,19(1):83-86,91.(in Chinese)
[3]马娟,王铁固,张怀胜,等.玉米叶夹角、叶向值主基因+多基因遗传模型分析[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(5):15-19.Ma J,Wang T G,Zhang H S,et a1.The major genes plus polygenes genetic analysis on leaf angle and leaf orientation value in maize[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2012,41(5):15-19.(in Chinese)
[4]Ku L X.,Zhao W M,et al.Quantitative trait loci mapping of leaf angle and leaf orientation value in maize(Zea mays L.)[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2010,121(5):951-959.
[5]邹琦.植物生理学试验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[6]何照范.粮油子粒品质及其分析技术[M].北京:农业出版社,1985.
[7]权灵通,王彦阳,刘亚军,等.FPM-Ⅰ型家用爆玉米花机与爆裂玉米膨爆品质试验研究[J].粮油加工,2007(7):115-117.Quan L T,Wang Y Y,Liu Y J,et al.Experimental study on domestic expenses popcorn machine(FPM-I)and the expansion quality of popcorn[J].Cereals and oils processing,2007(7):115-117.(in Chinese).
[8]董永彬,李玉玲,牛素贞,等.普×爆F3家系的膨爆特性及其与穗粒性状的相关分析[J].玉米科学,2006,14(3):53-55.Dong Y B,Li Y L,Niu S Z,et al.Popping characteristics of F3 family lines derived from a normal Corn×Popcorn cross and their relation ships with Ear-kernel Characters[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2006,14(3):53-55.(in Chinese)
[9]李春奇,郑慧敏,李芸,等.种植密度对夏玉米雌穗发育和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(12):2435-2442.Li C Q,Zheng H M,Li Y,et al.Effect of planting density on the yield and development of maize ear[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(12):2435-2442.(in Chinese)
[10]胡萌,魏湜,杨猛,等.密度对不同株型玉米光合特性及产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2010,18(1):103-107.Hu M,Wei T,Yang M,et al.Effects of plant density on photosynthetic characters and yield of different plant types corn[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2010,18(1):103-107.(in Chinese)
[11]Pepper G Z,Pearce R B,Mock J J.Leaf orientation and yield of maize[J].Crop Science,1977,17(6):883-886.
[12]徐庆章,王庆成,牛玉贞,等.玉米株型与群体光合作用的关系研究[J].作物学报,1995,21(4):492-496.Xu Q Z,Wang Q C,Niu Y Z,et al.Study on the relationship between the group of photosynthesis and plant type[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,1995,21(4):492-496.(in Chinese).
[13]王珍,武志海,徐克章,等.玉米群体冠层光合速率与叶面积指数关系的初步研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2001,23(2):9-12,16.Wang Z,Wu Z H,Xu K Z,et al.Relationship between leaf area index and photosynthetic rate of maize canopies[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2001,23(2):9-12,16.(in Chinese)
[14]孙骥,史振声,李荣华,等.不同肥料种类对沈爆3号玉米生长发育、品质及产量的影响[J].杂粮作物,2006,26(2):88-90.Sun J,Shi Z S,Li R H,et al.Effect of different fertilizer type on growth,quality and yield of maize variety Shenbao No.3[J].Rain Fed Crops,2006,26(2):88-90.(in Chinese)
[15]刘艳阳,李玉玲,余永亮,等.爆裂玉米膨爆机理的研究进展[J].玉米科学,2007,15(2):58-60.Liu Y Y,Li Y L,Yu Y L,et al.Researches advances of the expansion mechanism in popcorn[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2007,15(2):58-60.(in Chinese)
[16]张海艳.爆裂玉米子粒品质及淀粉粒形态分析[J].华北农学报,2009,24(增刊):307-308.Zhang H Y.Analysis on kernel characteristic and starch granule shape of pop corn[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreal Sinica,2009,24(S):307-308.(in Chinese)
[17]李玉玲,姜鸿勋.爆裂玉米的质量标准及膨爆机制[J].作物杂志,2000(4):30-32.Li Y L,Jiang H X.Mechanism of quality standards and exploded on popcorn[J].Crops,2000(4):30-32.(in Chinese)
[2]倪绯,史振声,王志斌,等.沈爆3号在不同密度下的冠层结构和生理特征研究[J].玉米科学,2011,19(1):83-86,91.Ni F,Shi Z S,Wang Z B,et a1.Study on canopy structure and physiological characteristics of Shenbao No.3 in different densities[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2011,19(1):83-86,91.(in Chinese)
[3]马娟,王铁固,张怀胜,等.玉米叶夹角、叶向值主基因+多基因遗传模型分析[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(5):15-19.Ma J,Wang T G,Zhang H S,et a1.The major genes plus polygenes genetic analysis on leaf angle and leaf orientation value in maize[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2012,41(5):15-19.(in Chinese)
[4]Ku L X.,Zhao W M,et al.Quantitative trait loci mapping of leaf angle and leaf orientation value in maize(Zea mays L.)[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2010,121(5):951-959.
[5]邹琦.植物生理学试验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[6]何照范.粮油子粒品质及其分析技术[M].北京:农业出版社,1985.
[7]权灵通,王彦阳,刘亚军,等.FPM-Ⅰ型家用爆玉米花机与爆裂玉米膨爆品质试验研究[J].粮油加工,2007(7):115-117.Quan L T,Wang Y Y,Liu Y J,et al.Experimental study on domestic expenses popcorn machine(FPM-I)and the expansion quality of popcorn[J].Cereals and oils processing,2007(7):115-117.(in Chinese).
[8]董永彬,李玉玲,牛素贞,等.普×爆F3家系的膨爆特性及其与穗粒性状的相关分析[J].玉米科学,2006,14(3):53-55.Dong Y B,Li Y L,Niu S Z,et al.Popping characteristics of F3 family lines derived from a normal Corn×Popcorn cross and their relation ships with Ear-kernel Characters[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2006,14(3):53-55.(in Chinese)
[9]李春奇,郑慧敏,李芸,等.种植密度对夏玉米雌穗发育和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(12):2435-2442.Li C Q,Zheng H M,Li Y,et al.Effect of planting density on the yield and development of maize ear[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(12):2435-2442.(in Chinese)
[10]胡萌,魏湜,杨猛,等.密度对不同株型玉米光合特性及产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2010,18(1):103-107.Hu M,Wei T,Yang M,et al.Effects of plant density on photosynthetic characters and yield of different plant types corn[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2010,18(1):103-107.(in Chinese)
[11]Pepper G Z,Pearce R B,Mock J J.Leaf orientation and yield of maize[J].Crop Science,1977,17(6):883-886.
[12]徐庆章,王庆成,牛玉贞,等.玉米株型与群体光合作用的关系研究[J].作物学报,1995,21(4):492-496.Xu Q Z,Wang Q C,Niu Y Z,et al.Study on the relationship between the group of photosynthesis and plant type[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,1995,21(4):492-496.(in Chinese).
[13]王珍,武志海,徐克章,等.玉米群体冠层光合速率与叶面积指数关系的初步研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2001,23(2):9-12,16.Wang Z,Wu Z H,Xu K Z,et al.Relationship between leaf area index and photosynthetic rate of maize canopies[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2001,23(2):9-12,16.(in Chinese)
[14]孙骥,史振声,李荣华,等.不同肥料种类对沈爆3号玉米生长发育、品质及产量的影响[J].杂粮作物,2006,26(2):88-90.Sun J,Shi Z S,Li R H,et al.Effect of different fertilizer type on growth,quality and yield of maize variety Shenbao No.3[J].Rain Fed Crops,2006,26(2):88-90.(in Chinese)
[15]刘艳阳,李玉玲,余永亮,等.爆裂玉米膨爆机理的研究进展[J].玉米科学,2007,15(2):58-60.Liu Y Y,Li Y L,Yu Y L,et al.Researches advances of the expansion mechanism in popcorn[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2007,15(2):58-60.(in Chinese)
[16]张海艳.爆裂玉米子粒品质及淀粉粒形态分析[J].华北农学报,2009,24(增刊):307-308.Zhang H Y.Analysis on kernel characteristic and starch granule shape of pop corn[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreal Sinica,2009,24(S):307-308.(in Chinese)
[17]李玉玲,姜鸿勋.爆裂玉米的质量标准及膨爆机制[J].作物杂志,2000(4):30-32.Li Y L,Jiang H X.Mechanism of quality standards and exploded on popcorn[J].Crops,2000(4):30-32.(in Chinese)