密度和施肥量对鲜食糯玉米产量和品质的影响
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摘要
于2012年6月在陕西杨凌,以‘陕白糯11’为试验材料,研究不同密度(37 500、52 500、67 500株/hm2)和施肥量(纯NPK总量216、324、432、540kg/hm2)对陕白糯11产量及品质的影响。结果表明,种植密度为37 500~67 500株/hm2,施肥量(纯NPK总量)为216~540kg/hm2时,产量先增加后略降;施肥量(纯NPK总量)为216~540kg/hm2时,蛋白质、可溶性糖和脂肪质量分数先增后降,淀粉质量分数下降。在施肥总量为432kg/hm2时,淀粉质量分数下降幅度减小,为2.1%,而蛋白质、可溶性糖和脂肪质量分数较高。因此,陕白糯11适宜密度为52 500株/hm2,适宜施肥量(纯NPK总量)为432kg/hm2。在此密度和施肥量下,产量达10 463.39kg/hm2,赖氨酸、可溶性糖、蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉质量分数分别为3.90、207.15、103.42、51.65和535.27mg/g。
The effects of plant densities(37 500,52 500,67 500plants/hm2)and fertilizer application(pure NPK 216,324,432,540kg/hm2)on the yield and quality of‘Shanbainuo11'were studied in Shaanxi Yangling in June of 2012.The results showed that when the planting density was 37 500-67 500plants/hm2 and the fertilizer application was 216-540kg/hm2,the yield of‘Shanbainuo11'increased first and then decreased slightly;with the increase of fertilizer application,the mass fraction of protein,soluble sugar and fat increased first and then decreased,but the mass fraction of starch decreased.In the 432kg/hm2 fertilizer condition(pure N:240kg/hm2;P:96kg/hm2;K:96kg/hm2),the mass fraction of starch decreased 2.1%,the mass fraction of protein,soluble sugar and fat were higher than others.Therefore,the results showed that the suitable planting density of‘Shanbainuo11'was 52 500plants/hm2 and the suitable amount of fertilizer(pure NPK)was 432kg/hm2.In this density and fertilizer(pure NPK)condition,the yield of‘Shanbainuo 11'reached 10 463.39kg/hm2and lysine was 3.90mg/g.The soluble sugar,protein,fat and starch were 207.15,103.42,51.65and535.27mg/g respectively.
The effects of plant densities(37 500,52 500,67 500plants/hm2)and fertilizer application(pure NPK 216,324,432,540kg/hm2)on the yield and quality of‘Shanbainuo11'were studied in Shaanxi Yangling in June of 2012.The results showed that when the planting density was 37 500-67 500plants/hm2 and the fertilizer application was 216-540kg/hm2,the yield of‘Shanbainuo11'increased first and then decreased slightly;with the increase of fertilizer application,the mass fraction of protein,soluble sugar and fat increased first and then decreased,but the mass fraction of starch decreased.In the 432kg/hm2 fertilizer condition(pure N:240kg/hm2;P:96kg/hm2;K:96kg/hm2),the mass fraction of starch decreased 2.1%,the mass fraction of protein,soluble sugar and fat were higher than others.Therefore,the results showed that the suitable planting density of‘Shanbainuo11'was 52 500plants/hm2 and the suitable amount of fertilizer(pure NPK)was 432kg/hm2.In this density and fertilizer(pure NPK)condition,the yield of‘Shanbainuo 11'reached 10 463.39kg/hm2and lysine was 3.90mg/g.The soluble sugar,protein,fat and starch were 207.15,103.42,51.65and535.27mg/g respectively.
引文
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[3]JIANG Yanchao(姜艳超),WANG Qingxiang(王庆祥).Effect of Different Variety,Density and Fertilizer on Grain Yield of Sweet Waxy Maize[J].Rain Fed Crops(杂粮作物),2004,24(4):218-220(in Chinese with English abstract).
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[11]Sharma M P,Bali S V,Gupta D K.Crop yield and properties of Inceptisol as influenced by residue management under rice-wheat cropping sequence[J].Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science,2000,48(3):506-509.
[12]JIANG Rencheng(蒋仁成),LI Zhihua(厉志华),LI Demin(李德民).Effects of Fertilization on Yield and quality of wheat,maize[J].Soil and Fertilizer(土壤与肥料),1991(1):13-16(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]Lang A L,Pendleton J W,Dungan G H.Influence of population and nitrogen levels on yield and protein and oil contents of nine corn hybrids[J].Agronomy Journal,1956,48(6):284-289.
[14]Welch L F.Effect of N,P,K on the Percent and Yield of Oil in Corn[J].Agronomy Journal,1969,61:890-891.
[15]Pearson C J,Jacobs B C.Yield components and nitrogen partitioning of maize in response to nitrogen before and after anthesis[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1987,38(6)1001-1009.
[16]Tsai C Y,Dweikat I,Huber D M,Warren H L.Interrelationship of nitrogen nutrition with maize(Zea mays)agrain yield,nitrogen use efficiency and grain quality[J].Journal of theeScience of Food and Agricultur,1992,58(1):1-8.
[17]Pan W L,Camberato J J,Moll R H,et al.Altering sourcesink relationships in prolific maize hybrids:Consequences for N uptake and remobilization[J].Crop Science,1995,35(3):836-845.
[18]GUAN Yixin(关义新),MA Xinlin(马兴林),LING Biying(凌碧莹).Effects of Plant Population and Nitrogen Rate on the Grain Starch Contents of High Starch Corn Hybrid(Zea maize L.)Zhengdan18[J].Maize Science(玉米科学),2004,12(Z2):101-103(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]CHEN Huiyang(陈惠阳),FENG Yingzhu(冯颖竹),YU Tuyuan(余土元).Effect of Potassium Fertilizeron Seed Formation and Quality of Zea mays Sinensis[J].China Agric Sci(中国农学通报),2005,21(8):232-235(in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]YANG Yinfu(杨引福).Production and Processing of Specialty Corn(特种玉米生产及加工)[M].Beijing:China Standaras Press,2001(in Chinese).
[3]JIANG Yanchao(姜艳超),WANG Qingxiang(王庆祥).Effect of Different Variety,Density and Fertilizer on Grain Yield of Sweet Waxy Maize[J].Rain Fed Crops(杂粮作物),2004,24(4):218-220(in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]MOU Zhiyong(牟志勇),WANG Sijian(王思建),CHEN Qiang(陈强).Effects of Different Transplanting Density on Yield of Maize[J].Tillage and Cultivation(耕作与栽培),2004(2):48,32(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]Thomson A J,Rogers H H.Yield and quality components in maize grown for silage[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,1968,71:393-403.
[6]LI Jinhong(李金洪),LI Bohang(李伯航).Effects of Mineral Nutrition on Quality of Maize Grain[J].Maize Science(玉米科学),1995,3(3):54-58(in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]HE Zhaofan(何照范).Analysis of Grain and Oil Quality(粮油质量分析)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1986(in C hinese).
[8]LI Hesheng(李合生).The Principle and Technology of Plant Physiological and Biochemical Experiment(植物生理生化实验原理和技术)[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000(in Chinese).
[9]LI Chunqi(李春奇),ZHENG Huimin(郑慧敏),LI Yun(李芸),et al.Effect of Planting Density on the Yield and Development of Maize Ear[J].Sci Agric Sin(中国农业科学),2010,43(12):2435-2442(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]Rehana Rasool R,Kukal S S,Hira G S.Soil physical fertility and crop performance as affected by long term application of FYM and inorganic fertilizers in rice-wheat system[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2007,96(1/2):64-72.
[11]Sharma M P,Bali S V,Gupta D K.Crop yield and properties of Inceptisol as influenced by residue management under rice-wheat cropping sequence[J].Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science,2000,48(3):506-509.
[12]JIANG Rencheng(蒋仁成),LI Zhihua(厉志华),LI Demin(李德民).Effects of Fertilization on Yield and quality of wheat,maize[J].Soil and Fertilizer(土壤与肥料),1991(1):13-16(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]Lang A L,Pendleton J W,Dungan G H.Influence of population and nitrogen levels on yield and protein and oil contents of nine corn hybrids[J].Agronomy Journal,1956,48(6):284-289.
[14]Welch L F.Effect of N,P,K on the Percent and Yield of Oil in Corn[J].Agronomy Journal,1969,61:890-891.
[15]Pearson C J,Jacobs B C.Yield components and nitrogen partitioning of maize in response to nitrogen before and after anthesis[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1987,38(6)1001-1009.
[16]Tsai C Y,Dweikat I,Huber D M,Warren H L.Interrelationship of nitrogen nutrition with maize(Zea mays)agrain yield,nitrogen use efficiency and grain quality[J].Journal of theeScience of Food and Agricultur,1992,58(1):1-8.
[17]Pan W L,Camberato J J,Moll R H,et al.Altering sourcesink relationships in prolific maize hybrids:Consequences for N uptake and remobilization[J].Crop Science,1995,35(3):836-845.
[18]GUAN Yixin(关义新),MA Xinlin(马兴林),LING Biying(凌碧莹).Effects of Plant Population and Nitrogen Rate on the Grain Starch Contents of High Starch Corn Hybrid(Zea maize L.)Zhengdan18[J].Maize Science(玉米科学),2004,12(Z2):101-103(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]CHEN Huiyang(陈惠阳),FENG Yingzhu(冯颖竹),YU Tuyuan(余土元).Effect of Potassium Fertilizeron Seed Formation and Quality of Zea mays Sinensis[J].China Agric Sci(中国农学通报),2005,21(8):232-235(in Chinese with English abstract).