pH和溶解氧对上海蕴藻浜河道沉积物重金属的影响
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摘要
通过改变上覆水体pH和溶解氧,并采用改进的由欧共标准测量与检测局(BCR)提出的连续提取法,研究pH和溶解氧对蕴藻浜沉积物中Cu、Cr释放的影响,以及沉积物释放前后Cu、Cr形态的变化,探索沉积物中重金属释放的机理.结果表明:随着pH增加,沉积物中重金属释放量下降,可还原态在沉积物中的含量上升,可氧化态与酸可提取态含量均有下降,这主要和H~+与重金属离子的竞争以及沉积物中自然胶体的吸附有关;随着溶解氧含量增加,沉积物中重金属释放量升高,可氧化态含量呈明显下降趋势,而可还原态含量略有上升趋势,这主要与沉积物的还原性、硫化物及铁锰氧化态重金属有关.
In this paper,effects of pH and dissolved oxygen(DO) on Cu and Cr release in the sediment from Yunzaobang River in Shanghai were studied by adjusting p H and concentration of the dissolved oxygen in the overlying water.The changes of Cu and Cr speciation in Yunzaobang River sediment were also analyzed and compared using the modified BCR sequential extraction method to explore the release mechanism.The results showed that with the increased pH,both Cu and Cr release from the sediment decreased.The percentage of the reducible form increased.But the percentage of the oxidizable form and HAc soluble form reduced,which was related to the competitive relation between H~+ and metal ion as well as adsorption of the colloid in the sediment.With the rising concentration of DO,both Cu and Cr release increased.The percentage of the oxidizable form reduced obviously while that of the reducible form rose slightly,owing to the reducibility of the sediment itself as well as the existence of sulfide and Fe-Mn oxides in the sediment.
In this paper,effects of pH and dissolved oxygen(DO) on Cu and Cr release in the sediment from Yunzaobang River in Shanghai were studied by adjusting p H and concentration of the dissolved oxygen in the overlying water.The changes of Cu and Cr speciation in Yunzaobang River sediment were also analyzed and compared using the modified BCR sequential extraction method to explore the release mechanism.The results showed that with the increased pH,both Cu and Cr release from the sediment decreased.The percentage of the reducible form increased.But the percentage of the oxidizable form and HAc soluble form reduced,which was related to the competitive relation between H~+ and metal ion as well as adsorption of the colloid in the sediment.With the rising concentration of DO,both Cu and Cr release increased.The percentage of the oxidizable form reduced obviously while that of the reducible form rose slightly,owing to the reducibility of the sediment itself as well as the existence of sulfide and Fe-Mn oxides in the sediment.
引文
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[20]APPEL C,MA L.Concentration,p H,and surface charge effects on cadmium and lead sorption in three tropical soils[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2002,31(2):581-589.
[21]毛竹,王浩.土壤重金属形态分布特性及其影响因素[J].科技资讯,2013(8):163-164.
[22]章骅,何品晶,吕凡,等.重金属在环境中的化学形态分析研究进展[J].环境化学,2011,30(1):130-137.
[23]路永正,董德明,沈秀娥,等.曝气对河流沉积物中重金属Cu,Pb,Zn和Cd释放的影响[J].吉林大学学报:理学版,2005,43(6):877-881.
[24]KELDERMAN P,OSMAN A A.Effect of redox potential on heavy metal binding forms in polluted canal sediments in Delft(The Netherlands)[J].Water Research,2007,41(18):4251-4261.
[25]CAETANO M,MADUREIRA M J,VALE C.Metal remobilisation during resuspension of anoxic contaminated sediment:Short-term laboratory study[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2003,143(1-4):23-40
[2]马建军,田林锋,马春梅,等.基于统计的石嘴山市工业园区大气污染物及其重金属分布特征[J].环境化学,2013,32(1):164-165.
[3]彭修强,项立辉,郭娜,等.南黄海南部海域表层沉积物重金属来源解析及风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(11):3628-3638.
[4]谢丽,张振克.长江北支口门圆陀角附近潮滩沉积物重金属来源及污染评价[J].地理科学,2015(3):380-386.
[5]贾英,方明,吴友军,等.上海河流沉积物重金属的污染特征与潜在生态风险[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(1):147-153.
[6]徐庆,钱瑾,张毓祥,等.上海市黄浦江表层沉积物重金属污染评价[J].中国环境监测,2011,27(3):89-92.
[7]张兆永,吉力力·阿不都外力,姜逢清.艾比湖表层沉积物重金属的来源、污染和潜在生态风险研究[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):490-496.
[8]吕继涛.颤蚓生物扰动对沉积物中重金属释放及形态分布的影响[D].长春:吉林大学,2009.
[9]王旭.上海蕴藻浜沿岸生态适宜性评价[D].上海:上海交通大学,2013.
[10]VANK A,GRYGAR T,CHRASTNY V,et al.Assessment of the BCR sequential extraction procedure for thallium fractionation using synthetic mineral mixtures[J].Journal of Hazardous M aterials,2010,176(1-3):913-918.
[11]URE A M,QUEVAUVILLER P,MUNTAU H,et al.Speciation of heavy metal in soils and sediments.An account of the improvement and harmonization of extraction techniques undertaken under the auspices of the BCR of the Commission of the European Communities[J].International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry,1993,51(1-4):135-151.
[12]胡彩莉,马玉贞,郭超,等.烧失量法测定土壤有机质含量的实验条件探究[J].地球与环境,2016,44(1):110-118.
[13]冯素萍,鞠莉,沈永,等.沉积物中重金属形态分析方法研究进展[J].化学分析计量,2006,15(4):72-74.
[14]王国莉,陈孟君,范红英,等.四种土壤重金属形态分析方法的对比研究[J].浙江农业学报,2015,27(11):1977-1983.
[15]国家环境保护总局.GB 3838—2002地表水环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[16]吴金浩,刘桂英,王年斌,等.辽东湾北部海域表层沉积物氧化还原电位及其主要影响因素[J].沉积学报,2012,30(2):333-339.
[17]WENTWORTH C K.A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments[J].The Journal of Geology,1922,30(5):377-392.
[18]UDDEN J A.Mechanical composition of clastic sediments[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1914,25(1):655-744.
[19]ATKINSON C A,JOLLEY D F,SIMPSON S L.Effect of overlying water p H,dissolved oxygen,salinity and sediment disturbances on metal release and sequestration from metal contaminated marine sediments[J].Chemosphere,2007,69(9):1428-1437.
[20]APPEL C,MA L.Concentration,p H,and surface charge effects on cadmium and lead sorption in three tropical soils[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2002,31(2):581-589.
[21]毛竹,王浩.土壤重金属形态分布特性及其影响因素[J].科技资讯,2013(8):163-164.
[22]章骅,何品晶,吕凡,等.重金属在环境中的化学形态分析研究进展[J].环境化学,2011,30(1):130-137.
[23]路永正,董德明,沈秀娥,等.曝气对河流沉积物中重金属Cu,Pb,Zn和Cd释放的影响[J].吉林大学学报:理学版,2005,43(6):877-881.
[24]KELDERMAN P,OSMAN A A.Effect of redox potential on heavy metal binding forms in polluted canal sediments in Delft(The Netherlands)[J].Water Research,2007,41(18):4251-4261.
[25]CAETANO M,MADUREIRA M J,VALE C.Metal remobilisation during resuspension of anoxic contaminated sediment:Short-term laboratory study[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2003,143(1-4):23-40