木薯茎叶发酵型全混合日粮的品质与瘤胃降解
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摘要
将王草和木薯茎叶作为主要原料,探究不同比例组合下制作的发酵型全混合日粮(FTMR),对发酵品质以及瘤胃消化的影响。FTMR的粗精比为6:4,设定3个木薯茎叶替代组,分别是0%(处理一)、10%(处理二)和20%(处理三),测定发酵品质后,取瘤胃液,进行6 h体外培养。试验结果显示,不同的木薯茎叶的添加比例对FTMR的发酵品质有不同的影响。木薯茎叶在10%添加下,乙酸含量明显低于其他两处理组;在20%添加下,乳酸含量明显偏低(P<0.05),丙酸含量明显偏高(P<0.01),同时抑制了丁酸产生(P<0.05)。经过体外培养后,20%添加条件下,产气偏低,但表现出了明显偏高的干物质消化率和粗蛋白质消化率(P<0.01);同时,在瘤胃发酵性状中,挥发性氨态氮含量明显高于其他两个处理(P<0.05)。综上,添加20%的木薯茎叶作为发酵型全混合日粮(FTMR)原料可以有效提升蛋白质利用,进而提升饲养效率。
The aim of the study is to explore the effects of fermented TMR with different substitute ratios of king grass and cassava stems and leaves on fermentation quality and rumen digestion. For the FTMR, the ratio of coarse fodder and concentrated feed is 6:4, and the substitute ratio of cassava stems and leaves is 0(Treatment 1), 10%(Treatment 2) and 20%(Treatment 3), respectively. After testing the fermentation, the rumen fluid was extracted and incubated in vitro for 6 hours. The results showed that different substitute ratios had different effects on the fermentation quality.Under 10% substitute ratio condition, acetic acid content was greater than that of control and 20% substitute ratio. Under 20% substitute ratio condition, lactic acid content was lower(P<0.05), propionic acid was obvious greater(P<0.01), and butyric acid was inhibited(P<0.05). In addition, gas production was lower, and the dry matter digestibility and crude protein digestibility were obvious greater(P<0.01), at the same time, volatile ammonium nitrogen was greater(P<0.05). In conclusion, 20% substitute ratio of cassava stems and leaves could improve the utilization of protein effectively, so that the feed efficiency could be improved.
The aim of the study is to explore the effects of fermented TMR with different substitute ratios of king grass and cassava stems and leaves on fermentation quality and rumen digestion. For the FTMR, the ratio of coarse fodder and concentrated feed is 6:4, and the substitute ratio of cassava stems and leaves is 0(Treatment 1), 10%(Treatment 2) and 20%(Treatment 3), respectively. After testing the fermentation, the rumen fluid was extracted and incubated in vitro for 6 hours. The results showed that different substitute ratios had different effects on the fermentation quality.Under 10% substitute ratio condition, acetic acid content was greater than that of control and 20% substitute ratio. Under 20% substitute ratio condition, lactic acid content was lower(P<0.05), propionic acid was obvious greater(P<0.01), and butyric acid was inhibited(P<0.05). In addition, gas production was lower, and the dry matter digestibility and crude protein digestibility were obvious greater(P<0.01), at the same time, volatile ammonium nitrogen was greater(P<0.05). In conclusion, 20% substitute ratio of cassava stems and leaves could improve the utilization of protein effectively, so that the feed efficiency could be improved.
引文
[1]李茂,字学娟,张英,等.凋萎和添加剂对王草青贮品质和营养价值的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(12):3757-3764.
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[7]郇树乾,王坚.热带牧草银合欢的青贮研究[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2011,32(2):25-27.
[8]李开绵,林雄,黄洁.国内外木薯科研发展概况[J].热带农业科学,2001(1):56-60.
[9]王刚,李明,王金丽,等.热带农业废弃物资源利用现状与分析-木薯废弃物综合利用[J].广东农业科学,2011,38(1):12-14.
[10]冀凤杰,侯冠彧,张振文,等.木薯叶的营养价值、抗营养因子及其在生猪生产中的应用[J].热带作物学报,2015,36(7):1355-1360.
[11]王定发,陈松笔,周汉林,等.5种木薯茎叶营养成分比较[J].养殖与饲料,2016,6:48-49.
[12]冯巧娟,朱琳,吴安琪,等.青贮时间和温度对木薯块根和叶发酵品质及氢氰酸含量的影响[J].草业科学,2018,35(5):1293-1298.
[13]李笑春.不同脱毒方法对木薯氢氰酸含量的影响[J].饲料研究,2011(5):34-35.
[14] Phengvichitha V, Ledunb I.Effect of feeding different levels of wilted cassava foliage(Manihot esculenta,Crantz)on the performance of growing goats[J].Small Ruminant Research, 2007,71(8):109-116.
[15] Thanga C M, Ledinb I, Bertilssonc J.Effect of using cassava products to vary the level of energy and protein in the diet on growth and digestibility in cattle[J].Livestock Science, 2010,128(1/3):166-172.
[16]胡琳,王定发,李韦,等.不同精粗比对木薯茎叶型全混合日粮山羊瘤胃降解率的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(11):2914-2921.
[17]胡琳,王定发,李韦,等.日粮中添加不同比例木薯茎叶对海南黑山羊生长性能、血清生化指标和养分表现消化率的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(12):3193-3199.
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[20]National Research Council(NRC).Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle[S].7th revised edn. Washington, DC:National Academy Press,2001.
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[22]Statistical Analysis System(SAS).SAS/STAT 9.1 User's Guide[M].Cary,NC:SAS Institute Inc., 2004.
[23] Dang H L, LüR L, Obitsu T,et al.Effect of replacing alfalfa hay with a mixture of cassava foliage silage and sweet potato vine silage[J].Animal Science Journal, 2017, 89(2):386-396.
[24]李维姣,梁辛,陈超贵.木薯杆叶与巨菌草混合青贮对奶水牛泌乳性能及乳品质影响的试验研究[J].广西畜牧兽医,2018(2):98-100.
[25]周璐丽,周汉林,王定发,等.日粮添加发酵木薯副产物饲喂海南黑山羊的试验效果[J].家畜生态学报,2018,39(3):65-68.
[26]CAI Y.The role of lactic acid bacteria in the preparation of high fermentation quality[J]. Japanese Journal of Grassland Science, 2001, 47:527-533(In Japanese with English abstract).
[27]梁瑜,雷赵民,吴建平,等.不同添加剂(物)对玉米秸秆青贮有机酸含量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2012,10(5):34-39.
[28]何翠薇,陈玉萍,覃洁萍,等.木薯茎秆及叶化学成分初步研究[J].时珍国医国药,2011,22(4):908-909.
[29]Abatan O, Oni A O, Adebayo K,et al.Effects of supplementing cassava peels with cassava leaves and cowpea haulms on the performance, intake,digestibility and nitrogen utilization of West African Dwarf goats[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2015, 47:123-129.
[30]Sniffen C J, Oconnor J D, Van Soest P J,et al.A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets.2.Carbohydrate and protein availability[J].Journal of Animal Science, 1992, 70:3562-3577.
[31]Hong NTT, Wanapat M, Wachirapakom C,et al.Effects of timing of initial cutting and subsequent cutting on yields and chemical compositions of cassava hay and its supplementation on lactating dairy cows[J]. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2003, 16:1763-1769.
[2]杨晓亮,王宗礼,玉柱,等.不同的粗饲料搭配对TMR饲料发酵品质的影响[J].草业科学,2009,27(2):139-143.
[3]徐春城,玉柱,张建国.咖啡渣发酵TMR饲料的发酵品质及营养价值[C]//中国草学会饲料生产委员会饲草生产学术研讨会,2009.
[4]刘国道,白昌军,王东劲,等.热研4号王草选育[J].草地学报,2002,10(2):92-96.
[5]张英,周汉林,刘国道,等.绿汁发酵液与纤维素酶对王草青贮品质的影响[J].草业科学,2013,30(10):1640-1647.
[6]王坚,李雪枫,周汉林,等.王草菠萝皮混合青贮发酵品质研究[J].热带农业工程,2014,38(2):1-6.
[7]郇树乾,王坚.热带牧草银合欢的青贮研究[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2011,32(2):25-27.
[8]李开绵,林雄,黄洁.国内外木薯科研发展概况[J].热带农业科学,2001(1):56-60.
[9]王刚,李明,王金丽,等.热带农业废弃物资源利用现状与分析-木薯废弃物综合利用[J].广东农业科学,2011,38(1):12-14.
[10]冀凤杰,侯冠彧,张振文,等.木薯叶的营养价值、抗营养因子及其在生猪生产中的应用[J].热带作物学报,2015,36(7):1355-1360.
[11]王定发,陈松笔,周汉林,等.5种木薯茎叶营养成分比较[J].养殖与饲料,2016,6:48-49.
[12]冯巧娟,朱琳,吴安琪,等.青贮时间和温度对木薯块根和叶发酵品质及氢氰酸含量的影响[J].草业科学,2018,35(5):1293-1298.
[13]李笑春.不同脱毒方法对木薯氢氰酸含量的影响[J].饲料研究,2011(5):34-35.
[14] Phengvichitha V, Ledunb I.Effect of feeding different levels of wilted cassava foliage(Manihot esculenta,Crantz)on the performance of growing goats[J].Small Ruminant Research, 2007,71(8):109-116.
[15] Thanga C M, Ledinb I, Bertilssonc J.Effect of using cassava products to vary the level of energy and protein in the diet on growth and digestibility in cattle[J].Livestock Science, 2010,128(1/3):166-172.
[16]胡琳,王定发,李韦,等.不同精粗比对木薯茎叶型全混合日粮山羊瘤胃降解率的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(11):2914-2921.
[17]胡琳,王定发,李韦,等.日粮中添加不同比例木薯茎叶对海南黑山羊生长性能、血清生化指标和养分表现消化率的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(12):3193-3199.
[18]Association of Official Analytical Chemists(AOAC).Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International[S]. 16th edn.Gaithersburg, MD:AOAC International, 1999.
[19]Van Soest P J, Robertson J B, Lewis B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 1991, 74:3583-3597.
[20]National Research Council(NRC).Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle[S].7th revised edn. Washington, DC:National Academy Press,2001.
[21]Horii S, Kurata Y, Hayashi Y,et al.Physicochemical analytical method for nutritional experiments.In:Animal Nutrition Testing Method,1st edn(Ed Morimoto H),Yokendo,Tokyo, 1971, 280-298.
[22]Statistical Analysis System(SAS).SAS/STAT 9.1 User's Guide[M].Cary,NC:SAS Institute Inc., 2004.
[23] Dang H L, LüR L, Obitsu T,et al.Effect of replacing alfalfa hay with a mixture of cassava foliage silage and sweet potato vine silage[J].Animal Science Journal, 2017, 89(2):386-396.
[24]李维姣,梁辛,陈超贵.木薯杆叶与巨菌草混合青贮对奶水牛泌乳性能及乳品质影响的试验研究[J].广西畜牧兽医,2018(2):98-100.
[25]周璐丽,周汉林,王定发,等.日粮添加发酵木薯副产物饲喂海南黑山羊的试验效果[J].家畜生态学报,2018,39(3):65-68.
[26]CAI Y.The role of lactic acid bacteria in the preparation of high fermentation quality[J]. Japanese Journal of Grassland Science, 2001, 47:527-533(In Japanese with English abstract).
[27]梁瑜,雷赵民,吴建平,等.不同添加剂(物)对玉米秸秆青贮有机酸含量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2012,10(5):34-39.
[28]何翠薇,陈玉萍,覃洁萍,等.木薯茎秆及叶化学成分初步研究[J].时珍国医国药,2011,22(4):908-909.
[29]Abatan O, Oni A O, Adebayo K,et al.Effects of supplementing cassava peels with cassava leaves and cowpea haulms on the performance, intake,digestibility and nitrogen utilization of West African Dwarf goats[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2015, 47:123-129.
[30]Sniffen C J, Oconnor J D, Van Soest P J,et al.A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets.2.Carbohydrate and protein availability[J].Journal of Animal Science, 1992, 70:3562-3577.
[31]Hong NTT, Wanapat M, Wachirapakom C,et al.Effects of timing of initial cutting and subsequent cutting on yields and chemical compositions of cassava hay and its supplementation on lactating dairy cows[J]. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2003, 16:1763-1769.